英语非谓语动词教学PPT.ppt

非谓语动词,不定式 句法功能,1).to love ourselves is to love life. 2).the duties of a nurse are to take care of the patient. 3).i learn to speak japanese. 4).please ask john to close the door. 5).what a lot of invitations to send out! 6). one day i went shopping and came back to find my front wheel was missing.,(定语）,（状语）,（宾补）,（宾语）,（表语）,(主语）,1).作主语 to use a dictionary in english studyis important. it is important to use a dictionary in english study. it is not easy for us to solve the problem.,2).作表语 he seemed to be shy before the public. 注意：不定式作联系动词be的表语且主语部分含有实义动词do时，to可以省略。 the first thing i did was (to) say sorry to him.,3).作宾语 作及物动词的宾语，常用的及物动词有：ask, want, decide, seem, promise, pretend, agree, wish, afford, fail, refuse, manage, expect, happen, offer, beg, hope, demand,sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. admit b. admitted c. admitting d. to admit,a,注意：除个别介词but, except外,不定式不作介词宾语,但不定式在but后面时,若前有实义动词do,不定式不带to,否则须带to。 we have nothing to do but wait for the doctor.,4).宾补,在一些动词如advice，allow，ask，force，get等后面做宾语补足语。 ask sb. to do sth. allow sb. to do sth. ,c,the patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. a.to eat not b. eating not c. not to eat d. not eat,john was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. to wash b. washing c. wash d. to be washing,a,在感观动词 使役动词中的用法 he was made to work from morning till night.,5).定语,想不想要一些喝的东西？,would you like something to drink?,*不定式做定语往往位于所修饰的名词的后面。,他是第一个来的老师。 请给我一张纸写字。,he was the first teacher to come.,please give me a piece of paper to write on.,注意(1)在表示次序的词：first, last, next等之后的动词要用不定式的结构,(2)如果不定式是vi动词，或不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后要加上相应的介词。,the chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. (nmet 1989) a. sit b. sit on c. be sat d. be sat on,b,1.the fans waited outside for a long time just_ a look at the star. had b. having c. to have d. have 2.the children all turned _ the famous star as she entered the classroom. looked at b. to look at c. to looking at d. look at,c,b,3.can the project be finished as planned? -sure, _it completed in time, well work two more hours a day. a. having got b. to get c. getting d. get,b,4. he hurried to the station only _that the train had left. a. to have found b. finding c. found d. to find,d,不定式的各种形式,1一般式(to do)表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后 2 完成式(to have done)表示动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前 he is said to have gone abroad.,3进行式(to be doing)表示的动作或状态，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态同时发生. the students pretended to be reading.,1. i have two letters _now. to write b. to be write c. write d. being writing. 2. now he is disappointed to scold his son yesterday. (correction),have scolded,a,3. they are said _another bridge these days. a. to build b. to be building c. that they build d. that they are building,b,a,d,常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有：,would (should) love/like, meant, hoped, planned, expected, promised, wish等,不定式的语态,1.the naughty school boys are not easy _. deal with b. to be dealt c. to be dealt with d. to deal with,d,1.i have some questions to ask. 2.do you have anything to take to beijing? ill leave for it tomorrow. 3. i have no more letters to type, thank you. 4.the question is easy to be answered. 5. there is nothing to do now. 6. there is nothing to be done now.,to be taken,to be typed,to answer,先判断正误，如有错则改正，最后总结提高,动词不定式省略to的情况(p215),同一结构并列,由and 或or连接 he asked me to come in and sit down 含有行为动词do 的句子中,作表语用的不定式to可以省略 all you need to do is (to) say sorry to him. 介词but, except, besides前有实意动词do 的任何形式 you cant do nothing but listen to me.,make , have, let, hear, listen to, feel, see, watch, look at, notice, observe后 he made me understand the meaning of the word. 但是:i was made to understand the meaning of the word.,(5)had better would ratherrather thancan not help but动词原形 (6)why 开头的省略句 why not go out for a walk .,保留to,而省略其后的动词. 1.不定式to后的内容承前启后(重复) 2. 但如果不定式后有have或be,则要同时保留be或have. e.g. - have you visited mr. smith in hospital? - not yet, but im going to. - are you on holiday? - no, but id like to be.,1.作主语,2.作宾语,3.作表语,4.作补语,v-ing,5.作定语,6.作状语,7.v-ing复合结构,practice,1. doing nothing is doing ill. 2. slow down for children crossing the street.,主语；表语,定语,ex1. point out the function of the ing form in each sentence.,3. when you hang wet clothes near a fire, you will see steam rising from them. 4. not knowing much english, i found it hard to understand them. 5. while walking along the shore, we saw that the water was very dirty.,宾补,状语,状语,6. playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 7. babies like tearing paper into pieces. 8. they left the caf, talking and laughing loudly.,状语,主语,宾语,(1). 作宾语 (p.104),a)只能接v-ing为宾语的动词短语.（p.100. to 为介词） b) have difficulty/trouble/a good/happy/hard time (in) doing sth. c) there is no point /good/ use/harm ( in )doing,(1). 作宾语 (p.104),d) sth. be worth doing =sth be worthy to be done/of being done e) sth want (need,require ) doing/to be done. f)记住：只能接v-ing为宾语的动词,必 背 只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 put off 推迟 keep 保持 consider考虑 delay 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶 resist抵制 mention 提及 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免 excuse 原谅 practice 练习 mind介意 fancy想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成 risk 冒险 include 包括 forgive 原谅 give up 放弃 suggest 建议 miss 逃过 imagine 设想 cant / couldnt help 情不自禁,（2）状语 关键学会分析非谓语动作与句子主语之间的关系。如果非谓语动作是句子主语发出的，用v-ing. 注意：v-ing作状语时，其逻辑主语常为句子的主语。,seeing from the sky, i find the city very beautiful.,（3).v-ing 复合结构 形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+v-ing.(主语、宾语） 人称代词宾格/名词普通格 +v-ing (仅限宾语),they dont like me /my coming here. do you remember li ping / li pings paying the money. xiao lis (his ) going wont be of much help. 不说：xiao li /him going wont be of much help.,必 背 高中阶段有一些固定的动词-ing形式短语，如generally speaking, judging from., considering., talking of., taking all things into consideration, supposing.等，它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。这种动词-ing短语可当作一个插入语。,generally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls. judging from his accent, he must come from canada. considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free. supposing it rains, what will you do?,1.作状语,2.作定语,3.作表语,4.作补语,过去分词,(1). 作状语(p.108) ex: p.115 (51) (52) p.118 (17 ） 过去分词充当任何成分都表示某物/人被 （表被动）。这是它与v-ing 的根本区别。,（2）ex: p.117 (2即旧 65). be known for,be dressed in,be lost in thought,be faced with,be filled with,be devoted to.等短语作定语或状语，说明其逻辑主语的一种状态，只用过去分词即可。前面没有being.,ex:80._in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. a.dressed b. to dress c. dressing d. having dressed 82. _with a difficult situation, arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. a. to face b. having faced c. faced d.facing,(3). 关于省略问题(p.108) ex: p.115 (53) when/while/though/unless/as if (主 be ) +v-ing /done,主+谓语+其它,（4）独立主格（p.119). ex: p.119 (2).(3).(4). p.120.(6).(9).(10).(13).(15) 非谓语动词,不管是v-ing 还是done作状语，它的逻辑主格肯定是该句主语。如果不是该句主语，则要在其前面加上其主语，构成独立主格结构。此结构适合于形容、介词 。 名词/代词+v-ing/done/to do/adj./prep/adv.,过去分词,1.作状语,c,1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。,2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法， a.lose oneself in thought b.be lost in thought,按句子提供的语境可用结构b.,过去分词,2.作定语,a,过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。 所以a是正确的。first played in 776b.c.=which was first played in 776 b.c.,过去分词,3.作表语,c,该题考查分词作表语的用法 此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.,过去分词,4.作补语,该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。the plan 与carry out 的关系是被动关系。see sth.done 这结构常见的还有watch(notice, observe,have 和make)sth. done.,c,20. the library needs _,but itll have to wait until sunday. a. cleaning b. be cleaned c. clean d. b