汽车车辆专业前桥毕业课程设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

外文文献（一） 外文原文 is in of as or is to of is of of or as as to In in is so it In to to of of In to of In of in of is to to of is my a to of a as of In of of U is a a if is in is is or to is in to of to is of of in on so it t is my is of of is of It is by a of to of is of a in of is if is is a is up to of by on of At to a to a a a to is is to is of of is by a of is so as to of to on of is of of it is to to to in to in to or 2 of so 3a 4be as as to 5 be as as in to 6 be as as in to 1is is is of a 2 It is of is of to by 3it is as it a to is by a is to to a a as a a of on is in so it In to s is of as of is as 0of is is a is of a 53to to of At (1) of of of of on of In on of be be to of be (2) of on of a on of In is to fL is is to of of to is to (3) of on on In is to to to be on is to be So to of is so As a of to a as on of is At in of of to of to in of of in as of to of of 100 is on a or a to to of so a a on a of a is on in to in a or is to in to of 817, ay to he a of on to is a of s in is up it is of of - as It is to a so of of to be on is a in a or so we In of on so We to a to to of to a of In a to of is a is of it is at to a of to to a so as to of a at to a to be to by is on by of be as as to is of is in of as or is to In in is so it In to of of In to of of to on of to so so as as in to of 译文 前桥一般位于汽车的前部，也称转向桥或从动桥。前桥是汽车上一个重要的 总成件，主要包括转向节、转向主销、前梁等零部件。前桥是通过悬架与车架相 连，用以承受地面与车架 之间的垂直载荷外，还承受制动力和侧向力以及这些力 所构成的力矩，并保证转向轮作正确的运动。车桥通过悬架与车架连接，支撑着 汽车大部分重量， 并将车轮的牵引力或者制动力， 以及侧向力经过悬架传给车架。 在汽车使用中，转向桥的受力状况比较复杂，因此应具有足够的强度。为保证转 向车轮的正确定位角度，使操纵轻便并减轻轮胎的磨耗，转向桥也应有足够的刚 度。此外，还应尽量减轻转向桥的重量。总之，由于在汽车的行驶过程中，前桥 所处的工作环境恶劣，工况复杂，其承受的载荷也多为交变载荷，从而其零部件 易出现疲劳裂纹甚至断裂现 象。这就要求其在结构设计上必须有足够的强度、刚 度和抗疲劳破坏的能力。 前轴：是前桥的主要承重零部件，我公司有管式和锻打式两种结构形式，但 主要以锻打式为主。前轴两端各有一呈拳形的加粗部分作为安装主销的部位。中 间部分的两侧为板簧支座面，用以安装钢板板弹簧及其附件。 在此需要说明的是： U 型螺栓穿过前轴的安装孔需要打紧下方的背紧螺母 在 时，往往会出现套筒跟前轴背筋发生干涉的问题。为什么会出现该问题呢？一是 设计问题，因为前轴的背筋影响到前桥的载荷，因此必须保证一定的尺寸要求， 而如果前后 U 型 螺栓的距离设计的过小， 没有留出足够的间隙装配便会出现以上 问题。二是工艺问题，工艺问题有两种情况。第一种是前轴背筋的对称度不好或 安装孔的对称度不好容易造成该问题； 第二种就是有些主机厂为避免套筒的易损， 没有考虑到产品的实际情况而盲目加大套筒的外径。 主销：是影响整车性能的重要零部件。主销上有止动槽，销锁栓通过止动槽将主 销固定在前轴的主销孔内，使其不能转动也不能轴向移动。节销的加工精度要求 很高，是我公司重点控制的零部件之一。 转向节：转向节是前桥上主要的转向件。它利用主销和前轴铰接并经一对轮毂轴 承 承支撑着轮毂组合，来实现转向的功能。 制动器总成：是实现车轮制动的主要元件，有油刹和气刹两种形式。在车辆实施 制动命令时， 制动器的摩擦片通过扩张与制动鼓的内加工面接触产生摩擦力实现 车辆制动。前桥制动器的选择非常关键，如果选择不当，会出现前后制动力不匹 配，制动力达不到要求等许多问题。 轮毂组合：主要通过两滚动轴承安装在转向节上，带动车轮转动。同时与摩擦片 形成摩擦副，实现车轮的制动。 节臂：分直拉杆臂、横拉杆臂，分别和直拉杆总成和横拉杆总成相连。形成转向 机构和转向梯形机构。转向机构来完成车辆的转向，转 向梯形决定了车辆的内外 转角是否合理。 横拉杆总成：是调整前束的主要零部件。杆身是由无缝钢管制造，两端是球形铰 接结构的接头总成，通过螺纹配合后安装在横拉杆臂上，杆身可调，以便于调节 前束。 前桥承受汽车的前部重量，把汽车的前进推力从车架传给车轮，并与转向装 置的有关机件作关节式联系，实施汽车的转向。前桥是利用它的两端通过主销与 转向节连接，用以转向节的摆转来实现汽车的方向。 为使汽车在行驶中具有较好的直线行驶能力，前桥应满足下列要求： 为使汽车在行驶中具有较好的直线行驶能力，前桥应满足下列要求： 1足够的强度，以保证可靠的承受车轮与车架（或承载式车身）之间的作 用力。 2正确的车轮定位，使转向轮运动稳定，操纵轻便并减轻轮胎的磨损。前 轮定位包括主销内倾，主销后倾，前轮外倾和前轮前束。 3足够的刚度，使受力后变形要小，保证主销和转向轮有正确的定位角度 保持不变。 4转向节与主销，转向节与前桥之间的摩擦力应尽可能小，以保证转向操 作的轻便性，并有足够的耐磨性。 5转向轮的摆振应尽可能小，以保证汽车的正常，稳定行使。 6前桥的质量应尽可能小，以减少非簧载质量，提高汽车行驶平顺性。