使役动词have用法小议.doc

使役动词have用法小议浙江 盘笋使役动词have在高中英语课本中频频出现。同学们若不准确掌握它的用法，便会在使用中常常出错。现将其用法归纳如下，仅供参考。一. have sb do sth此结构意为“让/请某人做某事”，宾语是宾语补足语所表示动作的执行者，但宾语补足语表示的动作却发生在have动作之后，即宾语补足语所表示的动作在当时尚未发生。例如：The soldiers had him stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这男孩背对他父亲站着。The teacher had us hand in our homework on time.老师让我们按时交作业。We had Alice attend that meeting with him.我们让艾丽斯与他一起参加了那个会议。注意：此结构用于否定句中时，常含“不能容忍、不允许”之意。例如：I won”t have you say such things.我可不允许你说这样的话。We”ll never have such things happen again.我们决不允许类似的事情再次发生。二. have sb / sth doing sth在have sb / sth doing sth中，doing sth为现在分词短语，在句中作宾语补足语；sb / sth与doing之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。有以下两种主要用法：1. 多表示“让某人/某物处于做某事的状态”，此时have也可由keep来代替。例如：His parents had him staying at home all the time.他父母亲让他一直呆在家里。The night before the procession, the two cheats had their lights burning all night long.在举行游行的前一天夜里，那两个骗子让灯整夜亮着。We have never had women working in this part of our company before.我们以前从来没有让女性在公司的这个部门工作过。2. won”t / can”t have sb / sth doing sth含“不允许或禁止”之意，通常可由not allow / not permit / forbid + sb / sth +to do替换。例如：I can”t have you catching cold. Run and change your wet clothing.我不能让你感冒了。快去把湿衣服换掉。George, I won”t have you shouting at me that way!乔治，我不允许你那样对我大吵大叫。We can”t have them forcing their views on everyone else.我们不容许他们把自己的观点强加于其他所有的人。三. have sth done在此结构中，宾语与宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的被动关系，所以宾语补足语一般由及物动词的过去分词充当。这个结构一般有以下三种不同的意思：1. 表示“请/让/叫别人（为自己）做某事”，强调主语的意志。例如：To keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls joined up.为御敌于国门之外，秦始皇令人将所有的边墙连成一体。Mr Howe wants to have his washing machine repaired.豪先生想请人为他修理洗衣机。Mrs Smith had two of her teeth taken out last week.上个星期史密斯夫人请人拔掉她的两颗坏牙。2. 表示“遭遇某种不幸的事情”，说明宾语遭遇的是一种意外的事故，并不着重说明“是谁使他遭遇这种灾难”。例如：I had my wallet stolen on my way home last Monday.上星期一我在回家的路上，钱包被（人）偷了。Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken by the noise of jet planes passing overhead.机场附近房屋的窗户有时被上空掠过的喷气式飞机的响声震破。Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machines.在一些产业中，工人的听力常被机器噪音所损害。3. 表示“使完成某事”。强调事情的结果，而不强调动作的执行者。此事可以是别人完成的，也可以是自己参与完成的。例如：We must have the work finished before the hurricane comes.我们必须在飓风到来之前完成这项工作。（“我们”可能参加这项工作，也可能没参加。）She told me she had her house repaired.她告诉我她的房屋修好了。（“她”可能参加了修理工作，也可能没有参加。）The nurse will have your temperature taken.护士要量你的体温。（主语The nurse参与完成。）I have your medicine prepared now.我已经把你的药准备好了。（主语I可能参与完成。）四. have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语此结构表示主语“让某物或某事处于某种状态，或使某人到某处”。用作宾语补足语的形容词、副词或介词短语常含有动向意义。因此，宾语（人或物）与宾语补足语之间也存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。例如：It is too hot, so you must have all the windows open.天气太热，你们得让所有的窗户都开着。It”s sunny today. You”d better have your flowers out.今天天气晴朗，你最好把你的花搬到外面去。Tom is ill. So hi