原创高一英语情态动词讲解课件（人教版必修1）

,情态动词 modal verbs,常用的情态动词,can （could） may（might） shall（should） will （would） must（must） dare （dared） need （need）,have to ought to be able to used to had better,1.表示说话人的情绪或态度 2.有意义,但不能单独作谓语 3.无人称和数的变化 4.后跟动词原形 5.其否定式,是在它的后面加 not,特点,在情态动词的用法:,1. 各种动词的独特用法和含义。 2. 表示推测的使用。 3. 表示虚拟语气。,一. can和 could,1. 表示能力，“能够 ”,2. 表示许可、请求，“可以”,I can swim , but my sister cant.,Can I go with you ?,Father said I could go to the cinema.,请求,许可,3. 表示偶尔的可能性，“有时会”,Although Britain is quite warm, some- times the temperature can be -10.,4表示推测， “可能” could 可能性更小 （主要用于否定句和疑问句）,Can the news be true ?,He cant be at home.,不可能,可能,5表示虚拟， could have done 本来能够做却没有做,She could have pass the driving test.,When I was in university, I _ speak English, but after these years I _ now. _/_ I use your bike? He _ have gone abroad, because I saw him 5 minutes ago.,could,cant,Can could,couldnt,二、may 和 might,1. 表示许可或请求，“可以”,2）-May I come in? (might 更委婉）,否定回答,-No, you mustnt. /cant. 也可以用 may not,肯定回答,-Sure/ Certainly/ Of course,1）You may take a walk.,4.用于祈使句表祝愿,3. 表示推测, “可能” might的可能性小 用于肯定句或否定句,2. 表示“事实上的可能性“,It may rain tomorrow.,Sam might have taken the money,May you have a happy life.,May you succeed.,_/_ I come in? He _ in the room, because the light has been turned off. He _ have finished his homework because he promised to come but he didnt turn up yet.,May might,may not be,may not,三、must的用法,1.表示“必须”、“务必”：,肯定回答,-Yes, you must.,-No, you neednt.,或- No, you dont have to.,否定回答,- Must I pay now ?,We must obey orders.,3. 表示 “偏偏”的意思,2.表示推测”, “想必,一定” 一般用于肯定句。,There must be a mistake.,Just when I was busy , she must come and chat,它的否定式为cant,- _ I finish the work now? - No, you _/_. -Listen, he _(play) the piano in the next room. He _(finish) the work yesterday, didnt he?,Must,neednt dont have to,must be playing,must have finished,四、shall的用法,用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示征求对方 的意见 Shall we talk? Shall he come to see you ?,2. 用于第二、三人称陈述句，表示“命令、 允诺、警告、决心“等 Each member shall wear a name card. No one shall stop me. He shall get his allowance（津贴）.,五、 should的用法,1.表示责任或建议，“应该”： I should answer his letter as soon as possible.,2.判断或推测，“估计, 应该” 按常理推断， 用于肯定句 That should be Janet coming upstairs now.,4.表示惊叹的语气， “竟然” He should spoke like that to our English teacher.,3.表示 虚拟，should have done shouldnt have done 本不该做的却做了 You shouldnt have turned off the light.,_ he come in? I _ give you a present on your birthday. You _ finish the work in ten minutes. I cant believe he _ do such a thing.,Shall,should,should,shall,六、 Will和 Would 的用法,1. 表示意愿，决心 “意愿” Who will do the job ? He would not let me try .,2. 表示请求， “能够，愿意、可以”用于疑问句 Will you tell me the way to the post office ? Would you give me your address ? (用 would 比 will 表示更客气),3.表示 “习惯性”，“倾向性”动作 will 用于现在，would用于过去 He would come to see me when he was in London. When we were middle students, he would go home with me. Without water fish will die.,4. 表示决心， “会的” -Can you keep your word? -Yes, I will.,-Remember to give my best wishes to your parents. - Yes, I _. _ you join us? _ you like to join us? During World War II he _ always sit in front of his house waiting for his son to return.,will,Will,Would,would,用作情态动词时，主要用在否定句、疑问句中， 用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。 -Need I come? -Yes , you must. -No,you neednt. She dare not go out alone at night. We need to tell them the news. 注意：dare用作实义动词时，其否定句中的to可保留也可省略。 She doesnt dare to climb the tree.,七、 need和dare的用法,八、ought to 的用法,1.表示“应该” You ought to go to see the doctor. (ought to 的语气比must 弱,比should强) You oughtnt (ought not) to smoke so much. Ought you to smoke so much?,2.表示“推测”，婉转,比must语气弱 They ought to be there by now.,3.表示虚拟 ought to have done ought not to have done,ought的用法 1.表示责任，义务。语气比 should 强。 ought to should had better We ought to carry out the task. 2.表示建议、劝告。(用于第二、三 人称) 语气比should 强。 一般疑问句 Ought+主语+to do sth？ -Ought he to go now ? -Yes , he ought (to ).,3.ought not to do sth. / oughtnt to do sth.不应该做某事 We oughtnt go at once. 4.ought to have done sth . 表示该做的事情而没有做 You ought to have handed in your homework now . ought not to have done sth. 表示做了本不该做的事 You oughtnt to have spoken to them that way.,5.表示推测 It ought to be ten oclock. 6.ought to 的反义疑问句 用oughtnt /ought 或 shouldnt /should 都可以. Such things ought not to be done, ought they/ should they? We ought to go, oughtnt / shouldnt we?,must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to “不得不,必须”，表示客观需要、客观条件只能如此。have to 与have got to 常常可以互换。 You must do it now. 你必需现在就干。 (说话人认为必须现在干) I have to go now. 我得走了。 (客观条件必须现在走) You must be here on time next time. 你下次一定要按时来。 I have to cook for my child. 我得给孩子做饭。,九、其他情态动词词组的用法,1.have to do =,They had to go home on foot.,have got to do,2. be able to +,do,Finally, they was able to finish the work on time.,3. used to do,4. youd better +,过去经常,My father used to smoke heavily.,Youd better stay in bed for a week.,do,1. I _ you, because I thought I must be wrong. A. dare not ask B. dare not to ask C. dare not asking D. dare to not ask 2.“Need we do this job now?” “Yes, _.” A. you need B. you should C. you must D. you can 3. Why did you keep it a secret from me? I _ about it. A. should be B. ought to have been told C. ought to have done D. ought to have told 4. - I sent him the dictionary by mail this morning. - You _ that; he is coming tomorrow morning. A. neednt have done B. didnt have to do C. neednt do D. mustnt do,表示否定的情态动词的用法: 部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一,mustnt neednt cant (couldnt) may not (might not) shouldnt,不准, 禁止 没必要 ( = dont have to ) 不能; 不可能 不可以; 可能不 不应该 ( = ought not to ),一: 表示能力: can, could, be able to 1)can / could could 虚拟语气、委婉语气，但can不能 2) can和be able to相当，许多场合都可以互相替 表示“经努力设法做成某事”只能用be able to。 相当于 manage to do sth. /succeed in doing be able to 能用于各种时态。,在使用情态动词时 我们需要注意的问题,1. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not,2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to,A,D,3. They will _ run this machine on their own in three months. can B. could C. may D. be able to 4. That big cinema _ seat 2,000 people. A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to,D,A,1. might, could 1）比较委婉, 一般多用于疑问句.回答应相应使用can, may 或Yes, please . 2） 用于虚拟语气 You could have lived with us. 2. can, may 表达的语言比较随便.,二: 表示许可: may / might, can / could,5. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should 6. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. can,C,A,7. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not 8. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont ; cant B. mustnt ; may C. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; shouldnt,C,B,9. -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont 10. -May I pick a flower in the garden? - _. A. No, you neednt B. Not, please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont,B,C,shall, will 的多种意义:,shall / will+ 动词原形:,2）作为情态动词 shall 可表示必须、命令、 警告或征询意见. will 可表示意愿、常出现的动作、在疑问句中表示请求和建议.,1) 作为助动词；均可表示将来。 过去时为 should, would.,三:,will和would可表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 1）will表示现在的习惯动作， 2）would表示过去的习惯动作。 3）used to习惯动作或状态，往往要带有一个特定的时间状语，但现在已不存在。 He will surf the Internet every night. He would be nervous when he met strangers. He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee. He is not what he used to be.,四、表示习惯 的will, would, used to,11. He _ be punished if he disobeys. 如果他不服从, 就要受到惩罚. 12. We are not going to quarrel at all if you _ only let me speak. 只要你让我说话, 我们根本就不会吵架. 13. -Sir, _ he go or stay? -Let him go. A. will B. shall C. might D. could,shall,will,B,14. The door _ open. 这门经常打不开. 15. Ronaldo _ stay in his small garden for a long time every day in the past. A. could B. might C. should D. would 16. You _ have the book after I read it. 我看完以后一定把这本书给你.,wont,D,shall,1）must 强调主观看法，可译为“必须，应该”。 have to 表示客观需要 “不得不” I must study hard. (发自内心的决定) I have to study hard. (外界因素逼迫) 2）否定式意思完全不同。 You mustnt tell anyone. You dont have to tell me the secret. mustnt表示“禁止”， dont have to意思是“没有必要“= neednt,五. 表义务must, have to,改错: 1. Would you like having some tea? 2. Id prefer going to the lecture this evening. 3. Id rather you to go to the meeting. 4. He would rather to die than to give in. 5. Youd better to have your hair cut today.,Would you like to have some tea?,Id prefer to go to ., you went to .,He would rather die than give in.,Youd better have .,六:表示推测情态动词的重要用法.,1. You must be Mr Smith-I was told to expect you here. 2. He must have known what we wanted. 3. We may have read the same report. 4. He cant have slept through all that noise. 5. Theres someone outside-who can it be? 6. What can they be doing? 7. These pills might help to cure your disease. 8. You could be right, I suppose.,表示推测情态动词的重要用法.,肯定的推测 可能的推测 否定的推测 疑问的推测,must,对现在 对正在进行 对过去,情态动词,may, might,cant, couldnt,can, could,+ V. + have done 常见must be + be doing,+ V. + have done + be doing 可以用not表示“可能不”,+V. + have done + be doing,+ V. + have done + be doing,高考考题: 1. I thought you _like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 2. Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost 3. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been,B,D,B,4. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 5. Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. could,D,C,6. 用于虚拟语气的情态动词:,should have done shouldnt have done neednt have done need have done,本应