学术论文写作5ppt课件

How to Write a Thesis Outline,Significance of an Outline,When you build a house , you should have a ground plan first and an outline is your ground plan for “building” your thesis.,Contents,. The definition of an outline . The procedure of preparing an outline . The general content of an outline . The principles for writing an outline,What is a thesis outline?,A thesis outline is a basic writing plan which consists of a series of phrases or sentences and presents the main points the thesis will cover and the order in which they will be mentioned.,What is the function of an outline?,A. It increases your skill in organizing ideas and materials; B. It channels your thoughts smoothly from beginning to the end.,The Procedure of Preparing an Outline,A. Having a satisfactory thesis statement; B. Reviewing all your note cards; C. Bringing related materials together under some general headings and arranging them according to your development of thought; D. Developing a preliminary outline and discussing it with your advisor.,Samples of Thesis Statement,Sample 1 Thesis topic: Pair Work Design & Learners Interest Thesis statement: Learners interest in pair work is increased by well designed pair work exercises.,Sample 2 Thesis topic: Naturalism in Dreisers “Sister Carrie” Thesis statement: Influenced by naturalism, “Sister Carrie” typically reflects Dreisers view of nature and man in the social environment of his time.,The General Contents of an Outline,A. Two major formats of outlines B. Two major types of outlines,The Two Basic Formats of an Outline,1. The number-letter system / standard outline system 2. The decimal system / decimal pattern,Sample of the Number letter System,. The two reasons for A. The first reason 1. The women a. They would (1). The time (a). The technology (b). The public (2). The place b. They could 2. The men B. The second reason . The reasons against ,Sample of Decimal System,1. The two reasons for 1.1 The first reason 1.1.1 The women 1.1.1.1 They would 1.1.1.2 They could 1.1.2 The men 1.2 The second reason 2. The reasons against ,When preparing for your outline, you should pay attention to 2 points,1. Numbering 2. Indentation,The Two Major Types of an Outline,1. The topic outline (主题式提纲) 2. The sentence outline (句子式提纲),What is a “Topic Outline” ?,In a topic outline, each heading and subheading is a word or a phrase but often only short phrases throughout, which takes less time and space.,What is a “Sentence Outline” ?,In a sentence outline, each heading and subheading is a complete sentence, which has greater clarity and precision.,The Principles for Writing an Outline,A. There must be at least three layers of development in your outline: the thesis statement, the main points and the subpoints and a thesis outline often begins with a thesis statement; B. A topic outline is often used as a draft outline and it can be improved to be a sentence outline as your final outline;,C. Never get a topic outline mixed with a sentence outline; D. In a thesis outline, all the headings at the same level should be in parallel form, i.e. they should take the same grammatical structure;,E. For any kind of outlines, no heading or subheading can stay alone; F. In general, each division of the outline represents a fully developed paragraph in a paper.,Discussion Questions,1. What is a thesis outline and what is the function of an outline? 2. Why is a good thesis statement important for your outline writing? 3. What are the two basis outline formats? 4. What are the two major types of outline?,Direction: Below is a part of an outline from a paper. Read the following headings carefully and try to find whats wrong with them and then correct it.,. How to review with a classmat