高考英语介词、代词.doc

介 词【要点点拨】复习时要把握三点：A. 要注意理解情景意义：同一介词可表达多种意义，同一场合意义不同则介词不同。He hasnt come for a month .(for 持续时间)The day is warm for April .（for 就而言）B. 要突破几个关键介词in , on , at , with , by , from , of , to , for .1 . 表示时间的：at; in ; on , since , from , to , after , within , during , throughout , towards , over , by , till ;2 . 表示穿越的:through , across , over 3表示地理位置的：in ; on; to ;4 表示原因、目的的：for ;with ; from ;5. 表示关于的:about , concerning , regarding , with regard to , as for ,as to ;6. 表示根据：on ; according to ;7. in the corner ;on the corner , at the corner 的区别8between 和among 9besides ;except ; but ;except for 10in 和with C. 要注意介词搭配，集中归纳，反复练习。1. 固定与to 构成搭配的名词：key , answer , visit , apology , introduction ,note , etc.2. 与on 有关的：mercy , congratulations 3. 与at有关的：angry , good , bad , clever , terrified , surprised ;4. 与of 有关的：afraid , sure , full , tired , fond , proud , worthy , certain ;5. 与with 有关的：angry , strict , careful , busy , poplar ;6. 与to 有关的：next, good , polite , kind , cruel , rude , known , anxious , married , close , near , similar, due ;7. 与for 有关的：sorry , good , free , fit , unfit , eager, anxious , hungry ;8. 与from 有关的：far , different , free, safe , absent , tired .【各个击破】1.-What do you want _ those old boxes ?- To put things in when I move to the new flat .A. by B. for C. of D. with 2.Luckily , the bullet narrowly missed the captain _ an inch .A. by B. at C. to D. from 3.The train leaves at 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station _ 5:30 pm.A. until B. after C. by D. around 4.The little boy was quite alone in the world _ an aunt in the United States .A. except for B. except C. besides D. except that 5._ his great surprise , his shop was robbed _ computers .A. To ; of B. For ; of C. From ; with D. To ; with 6.We offered him our congratulations _ his passing the driving test .A. at B. for C. of D. on 7. Einsteins special theory of relativity is quite _ me .A. for B. beyond C. to D. against 8. How much did you pay _ the tickets _ tonights New Year Concert ?A. for; for B. for ; to C. for ; of D. to ; for 9. He has been caught _ the rain and is wet _ skin .A. by ; to B. in ; to C. in ; through D. with ; in 10. -How long have you been like this ? -_ last Friday .A. From B. Since C. In D. After 11. Besides being able to walk on for three days without drinking , camels can also live for a long time _ small quantities of food .A. with B. on C. by D. without 12. Im sorry its _ my power to make a final decision on the project .A. over B. above C. off D. beyond 13. -Did you lose the match ?-Yes , we lost the match _ one goal .A. by B. at C. with D. only 14. The study you have been making _ the living things in the ocean is an instructive job .A. to B. for C. of D. from 15. I felt it rather difficult to take a stand _ the opinion of the majority .A. to B. by C. in D. against 16. -Your daughter is tall enough _ her age. -Yes. I was much _ when I was her age.A. for ; taller B. at ; taller C. at ; shorter D. for ; shorter 17.-When will the game begin ? -It will begin later than usual _ ten minutes .A. in B. on C. by D. at 18.-Is your grandma still with you ?- No . She still prefers to live in the countryside _ all its disadvantages .A. for B. except C. with D. to 19. Lets keep in touch . You can reach me _ this number .A. at B. on C. from D. in 20.-Miss Li , Jack is ill , so he cant come to school .-Then well begin our class _ him .A. except for B. apart from C. except D. without 21.-Its so noisy upstairs .Peter , better go and see what they have been up _.-OK . A. to B. in C. with D. for 22.-Whats your favorite sport? -Jogging . I run _ the river every morning .A. around B. on C. along D. in 23. _ running , learning English needs will .A. As with B. As to C. As for D. As if 24. _ left before the deadline , it doesnt seem likely that he will finish the job .A. Though such a short time B. Because such a short time C. With such a short time D. As such a short time 25.He reminded me _ the time _ the meeting .A. at ; at B . of; of C. in ; in D. at ; in 26.The sun will rise _ about a quarter of an hour .A. on B. in C. after D. at 27.Liu Xiangs parents were overjoyed and burst _ tears _ the news of their sons victory in the Olympic Games .A. into ; at B. out ; for C. forth ; on D. to ; after 28.Hellen used to be a shy girl , but she has grown _ it now.A. without B. over C. away D. out of 29.This is the Audi car _ she came here .A. by which B. by that C. in which D. with which 30. My house is _ a stones throw from school , so I often go to school _ foot .A. within ; on B. to ; by C. on ; on D. of ; with 31. We went on a picnic _ the heavy rain .A. although B. in spite of C. because of D. for 32. -Can I borrow some money from you ? - Youre already in debt _ me for sixty dollars .A. to B. for C. from D. by 33.His best -known work that is _ all praise can be seen in the museum .A. without B. beyond C. with D. within 34.He likes his coffee with sugar ; I like mine _.A. not B. of no C. none D. without 35. Without a thorough grasp _biology , a student cannot hope to study medicine .A. in B. for C. of D. with 36.We decided to climb the mountain , but _ second thought realized that it was too dangerous .A. after B. on C. in D. at 37._ success I dont mean what is usually thought of when that word is used .A. In B. By C. With D. For 38.Mr. Smith apologized _ the children _ the lady _ what they had done .A. for ; to ; to B. for ; to ; for C. to ; to ; for D. to ; for ; for 39.We live _ a small river that flows _ the Thames .A. in ; into B. on ; into C. at ; onto D. in; onto 40._ curiosity , I went to the customer service counter and asked why .A. Beyond B. Besides C. Apart from D. Out of 41. Mr. Johnson goes to work very early in the morning and goes on working until late in the afternoon _ a break at midday .A. with B. for C. as D. through 42.The manned spacecraft “Shenzhou V”,_ China greets the 21st century , marks new progress in the centurys space program.A. for which B. from which C. in which D. with which 43. He might have been killed _ the arrival of the police .A. except for B. apart from C. but for D. in spite of 44. Isnt _ rude _ him to talk to his mother like that ?A. that ; for B. that ; of C. it ; for D. it ; of 45.Theory is based on practice and _ turn serves practice .A. on B. in C. by D. at高考真题练习（全国卷）Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _ a stepping-stone to future success. A. to B. for C. as D. by（安徽卷）Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair. A. on B. off C. into D. to（福建卷）A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little man. A. under B. with C. on D. by（福建卷）You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much. A. for B. when C. with D. while（湖南卷） When did you last hear _ Jay? He phoned me this morning, and we agreed _ a time and place to meet. A.of, to B. about, with C. from, with D. from, on (全国II) Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here. A. with B. over C. at D. about（陕西卷）Elizabeth has already achieved success _ her wildest dreams. A. at B. beyond C. within D. upon（北京卷）If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave _ the back door. A. for B. by C. across D. outCCDCD; DDB家庭作业：10年高考真题练习1.(上海春季The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2010 is strongly impressed _ my memory. A.to B.over C.by D.on2.(NMET北京) What do you want _ those old boxes To put things in when I move to the new flat. A.by B.for C.of D.with3.(北京春季) You are so lucky. What do you mean _ that A.for B.in C.of D.by4.(上海) Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _ an inch. A.by B.at C.to D.from5.(上海春季) Marie Curie took little notice the honours that were given to her in her later years. A.of B.on C.about D.from6.(NMET ) The home improvements have taken what little there is _ my spare time. A.from B.in C.of D.at7.(上海) The sunlight came in _ the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room. A.through B.across C.on D.over8.(上海春季) Rose was wild with joy _ the result of the examination. A.to B.at C.by D.as9.(NMET ) I dont think Ill need any money but Ill bring some _. A.at last B.in case C.once again D.in time10.(NMET) _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A.As B.For C.With D.Through11.(NMET北京春季) John may phone tonight.I dont want to go out _ he phone. A.as long as B.in order that C.in case D.so that12.(NMET广东省) Your performance in the driving test didnt reach the required standard _, you failed. A.in the end B.after all C.in other words D.at the same time13.(上海) The number of the employees has grown from 1 000 to 1 200.This means it has risen _ 20 percent. A.by B.at C.to D.with14.(上海) I wanted two seats _Madame Curie for Friday night, so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets. A.of B.about C.to D.for15.(NMET) The train leaves at 6:00 p.m.So I have to be at the station _ 5:40 p.m.at the latest. A.until B.after C.by D.around16.(上海) For miles around me, there was nothing but a desert, without a single tree _. A.in sight B.on earth C.at a distance D.in place17.(上海) Were all going to the games, why dont you come _ A.up B.across C.along D.to18.(上海) Come and see me _ two or three _. A.for; days B.after; days C.in; days time D.during; day time19.(NMET) Dont all speak at once! _, please. A.Each at one time B.One by one time C.One for each time D.One at a time答案解析：1.答案:D解析:impress on是固定搭配,给留下印象.2.答案:D解析:所提过的情景To put things in when I move to the new flat.说明了箱子的用途.with用,后接工具.3.答案:D解析:介词by表示方式,经;由.What do you mean by that 的意思是你说那个是什么意思 .4.答案:A解析:介词by可以和表示数量的词构成短语,表示尺寸,距离等.5.答案:A解析:take little notice of几乎不关心.居里夫人几乎不关心她晚年所得到的荣誉.6.答案:C解析:这是一个宾语从句.have taken后接感叹句,其正常的语序是what little of my spare time there is.7.答案:A解析:从窗户缝隙中要用介词through.through常指从物体中间穿过;across指从平面穿过.8.答案:B解析:at表示原因.be wild with joy at为而高兴得疯狂.介词at接在某些形容词的后面表示原因.9.答案:B解析:in case万一.表明说话人带一些钱的目的是以防万一.10.答案:C解析:with因为,由于.由于生产上升了60%,这家公司又过了一个好年.11.答案:D解析:所提供的情境John may phone tonight.说明了不想出去的原因是怕John万一打来电话.12.答案:C解析:in other words换句话说.in the end终于; after all毕竟;at the same time同时.13.答案:A解析:增加百分之几要用介词by.雇员的人数已经从1 000增长至1 200人.14.答案:D解析:表示某个的电影座位(票),英语用介词for.介词of表示所属关系.15.答案:C解析:by到为止,表示在5: 40前我必须到达车站.16.答案:A解析:in sight在视野之中.at a distance在远方,在远方是一片沙漠,没有一棵树与所提供的情境For miles around me(我周围数英里内)矛盾.17.答案:C解析:come along一起来.come up走近;come across不期而遇;come to来到.18.答案:C解析:这是一个祈使句,动作发生在将来,要用介词in + 一段时间.19.答案:D解析:at one time过去某段时间;at a time每次.不要一起说!请一个一个地说.代 词【要点点拨】1、在定语从句中，当先行词是代词he / she / those / anyone等时，从句的引导词指人时用who, 指物时用that。 e.g. Those who know the answer can go on with the other exercises. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Anything that benefits the people will be accepted.2、all ( both, every, each) not = not all ( both, every, each) 构成部分否定，他们的全部否定分别是：none, neither, no one ( nothing)e.g. Not all the students could understand his explanation. Each child can not go to school in the mountain village.3、 含有else的所有格有以下几种表示法：somebody elses, anybody elses, nobody elses ; who elses = whose else4、定代词作主语，代词可用：it（指物） 、he（指人） 、they（指人、物）e.g. Everyone knows how to do it, doesnt he/ dont they?4、 all 作主语时的数：代替可数名词，是复数；代替不可数名词，是单数；作“所的一切”解释时，不可数，动词用单数。5、 身代词：by oneself: 亲自、独自、自动地； of oneself: 自动地； be oneself: 身体好 help oneself (to): 自助、自己拿； in itself: 本质上、就其本身而言。e.g. The man is too old to live by himself. / The door closed of itself. Im not quite myself today. / The question in itself is not very difficult.6. 用人称代词简略回答时，要用人称代词的宾格。 e.g. - Who is knocking at the door? - Me, Tom.Me to play Pingpong with him?7. The rest、The remainder作主语时，谓语动词取决于它们所替代的名词。e.g. I have read half of the book. The rest is to be finished in a week. Several people were saved, but the remainder were still inside the burning house.区别以下几组词：1、none, nothing, no one(nobody) none：（指三个以上之中）没有任何（人、物），常用来否定回答以How many/ How much?引起的疑问句。可以后接介词短语of；作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可以用复数。e.g. - How many sheep did you see on the hill? - None. - Please give me some ink. - Sorry, there is none(no ink) left.None of the students could answer the question, which made the teacher disappointed nothing：（视为单数）没什么，无事e.g. After the fire, nothing was left on the hills.Nothing did he say and he went home silently. no one= nobody：没有一个人，只能指人，是单数，常用来否定回答Who?的疑问句，后面不可接of介词短语。 e.g. - Who broke the window? - No one. It broke of itself.2、it / they， one / ones， the one / the ones ，that / thoseit / they：用来指前面所提及的名词本身，起替代作用，避免重复；e.g. He bought a pen. It cost him 50 yuan. / He has two brothers. They are both workers.one / ones：用来指前面所提及的可数名词中的一个或几个，是泛指; 还可以泛指人。 e.g. - Do you have a camera? - No, but my father has one. A chair made of iron is usually heavier than one made of wood. One can not be too careful when crossing the road.the one / the ones：用来特指前面所提及的可数名词中的一个或几个。 e.g. - Im looking for a pen. - How do you like the one in the box? - Who are the boys? - You mean the ones playing basketball?that / those： “that” 用来替代前面出现过的可数名词单数= the one或不可数名词，以避免重复；“those” 用来替代前面出现过的可数名词复数= the ones，以避免重复。 e.g. The price of a pen is often higher than that of a pencil. The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. The students in Class Two are more hard-working than those(the ones) in Class One.3、some / any, everybody / anybody习惯上，some和everybody用于肯定句，any和 anybody用于疑问、否定句。但当some用于疑问句时，表示对所涉及的名词持肯定态度，everybody用于疑问句时，译为“大家、每个人”。 e.g. Is everybody pleased with the show?试比较：Do you have any water? (对water持怀疑态度) - Do you like some more water? - No, thanks. (对water持肯定态度) any和anybody也可以用于肯定句。当它们用于肯定句时，有很强的强调口气。 e.g. - When shall we meet again? - Any time you like. Anybody here knows how to treat a stranger.4、 who / whoever , what / whatever , which / whichever, whom / whomever who / what / which/ whom是疑问词，引起的句子具有疑问色彩；whoever / whatever / whichever /whomever 是代词，并不引起疑问句，而用来引导名词性从句或让步状语从句。 e.g. Who will teach us English is still unknown. Whoever did it will be punished. / Whoever did it, he will be punished. What would you do if you had that sum of money? / Whatever you do, do it well. 5、other / others; the other / the others ; anotherother：作代词时，一般不单独使用，而必须与any, some, no 等连用。 e.g. He is no other but Tom. / These are all we have, we have no other(s).others：常与some连用，表示：一些其它的。 e.g. Some people like fishing, some like boating, others skating.the other: 与one连用，构成词组：onethe other：指两者中“一个另一个”the others: 指在一定范围中的“其余的”。 e.g. In our class some students are good at maths, some are good at Chinese, the others are good at physics.another: 是形容词，“另一个、在一个”，一般作定语，既可以修饰单数名词，又可以修饰复数名词，还可以修饰数词。 e.g. We stayed in New York for another three weeks. / Please have another apple. 当another修饰单数名词时，在上下文意思明确的情况下，可以把名词省略，这时another起代词作用。 e.g. After eating an apple, I had another (one).6、all ; both ; each ; every ; eitherall：指三者或三者以上的所有，可以作形容词修饰名词复数，作代词，可作主语、宾语或同位语；后可接of介词短语。both：指“两者都”，可以作形容词修饰名词复数，作代词，可作主语、宾语或同位语；后可接of介词短语。each：“每一个”，一般指两者中的每一个，也可指许多中的每一个；可以作形容词修饰名词单数，作代词，可作主语、宾语或同位语；后可接of介词短语。 e.g. There are trees on each side / both sides of the river. Each of us has a chance to go to university. We each have a dictionary.every：指三者或三者以上中的每一个，是形容词，只能作定语，后面不能接of介词短语。either：指“两者中一个”或“两者中无论哪一个”，可以作形容词修饰名词单数，作代词作主语、宾语；后可接of介词短语。 e.g. If you keep still, you can sit on either