2015届高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破五动词和动词短语课件牛津译林版

动词和动词短语，在历年高考题中所占比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中，考纲要求在复习备考中要掌握以下几个方面： 1.动词的词义；2.动词搭配；3.动词短语；4.及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；5.常用动词的用法；,一、动词短语辨析 动词短语的辨析是动词考查的重中之重，甚至有些形式上单个动词的辨析也是考查所构成短语的辨析。总的来说，动词短语的辨析可分为三种：一是以动词为主体词的辨析；二是以副词或介词为主体词的辨析；三是无关联的动词短语的辨析。近三年常见的动词短语有： (1)break break away from 脱离 break down 坏掉；分解；垮下来；谈判(破裂) break out 爆发,break in 打断；闯入 break into 闯入 break through 突破 break up 打碎；分解；分手 Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters. (2013福建卷) 在灾难中无线网络瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到重要作用。,(2)bring bring about 引起，导致 bring down 使降低，使下降 bring in 引进；赚进 bring up 抚养；养育；呕吐 bring out 取出；出版；生产；阐明 Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought up to value the sense of sharing. (2011福建卷) 因为大卫出生于有三兄弟的家庭，因此养成了分享意识。,(3)come come along 跟随 come out 出现；出版；结果是 come about 发生 come across 偶遇 come to 共计 come up 出现；被提出 come up with 提出 She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store. (2011天津卷) 昨天她在百货商店购物时遇到了一位老朋友。,(4)cut cut in 插嘴 cut off 切断 cut up 切碎 cut down 砍倒，削减 My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut down. (2013陕西卷) 我叔叔一直没能戒烟，但至少减少了吸烟的量。,(5)get get away 外出度假 get in 收割 get into 进入；养成 get through 完成；通过；解决；接通电话 get over 克服 get across 被理解；使通过 get off 下车/船/马/飞机等 get down to 着手作 get up 起床；起身 Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man got up and left. (2010四川卷) 詹妮正在找座位，这时一个人起身离开了。,(6)go go against 违背 go over 预习；复习 go out 外出；熄灭 go without 没有也行；没有也可以勉强对付 To get a better grade, you should go over the notes again before the test. (2011四川卷) 要想取得更好的成绩，你最好在考试前再复习一下笔记。,(7)look look through 浏览；透过看 look into 调查 look up 向上看；查找 look up to 尊敬；敬仰 look round/around 环顾 I often look up the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet. (2011四川卷) 我经常在词典或网上查阅不认识的单词。,(8) make make out 辨认出 make up 组成；编造 make up with 弥补 make the best of 充分利用 The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose Ill just have to make the best of it. (2011浙江卷) 这所学校并不是我真正想去的学校，但我还是想充分利用它。,(9) put put in 放进，写进 put away 收起；储存 put out 扑灭；出版；生产 put down 写下；镇压 put off 推迟 put on 穿上；上演 put up 张贴；举起；建造 put forward 提出 Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can put down almost every word her teacher says. (2012全国卷) 玛丽确实很擅长课堂上作笔记，她几乎能把老师讲的每一个单词都记下来。,(10)set set aside 拨出；置于一旁 set up 建立；竖立 set out 着手；出发 set about 着手 set off 出发；引爆 Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey. (2013安徽卷) 传统上，大学生在开始他们的人生旅途之前会举行毕业典礼来鼓励自己。,(11)take take up 开始从事；占据；拿起 take apart 拆卸 take in 欺骗；吸收 take off 起飞；腾飞；脱掉 take on 呈现；雇用 take over 接管 Rod loves taking apart clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again. (2012辽宁卷) Rod 喜欢拆卸钟表，可是他从未能再组装上过。,(12)turn turn out 结果证明 turn to 求助于；转向 turn in 上交 turn down 拒绝；把音量开小 turn on 打开 turn off 关掉 turn up 出现；把音量开高 turn over 翻开 You look upset. Whats the matter? I had my proposal turned down again. (2011江苏卷) 你看上去不高兴，怎么啦？ 我的建议又被拒绝了。,(13)out wear out 穿烂；用坏 work out 解出；进展顺利 let out 放出；发出；泄露 leave out 遗漏 figure out 弄清 burst out 爆发 rule out 排除 point out 指出 carry out 贯彻 You cant predict everything. Often things dont work out as you expect. (2011江苏卷) 你不可能预测所有事情，情况并不像你所想象的那样发生。,(14)up build up 增强 keep up 保持；鼓起 speed up 加速 pick up 拾起；收听/看；用车接送/装运；无意学会 send up 发射 use up 用完 hang up 挂断 end up 结束,split up 分裂；分手 stay up 熬夜 Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to keep up his courage. (2012湖北卷) 这个男孩独自在黑暗中走着，吹着口哨为自己鼓气。 Its surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quicklyhe hasnt lived there very long. (2011江苏卷) 你弟弟学会俄语那么快真令人惊讶他并没在那里住多长时间。,(15)off pay off 还清；回报 show off 炫耀 give off 放出 The athletes years of hard training paid off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. (2011江苏卷) 当这名运动员最后获得奥运金牌时，她多年的刻苦训练得到了回报。,另外考查到的动词短语还有： see to 处理；解决 fight for 为而战 agree with 同意；适合 do without 没有也勉强对付 fit in 适合 live up to 达到；不辜负 run away from 逃走；避开,Im so glad youve come here to see to this matter in person. (2012湖北卷) 我很高兴你亲自来这里处理此事。 You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I suppose. (2012湖北卷) 你气色很好，我想三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。,高考体验 1(2013新课标卷)At the last moment, Tom decided to_a new character to make the story seem more likely. Aput up Bput in Cput on Dput off 答案 B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在最后的时刻，汤姆决定添加一个新人物，以使故事显得更真实。put up“建造”；put in“添上”；put on“穿上”；put off“推迟”。根据句意可知，应选B项。,2(2013新课标卷)Would you like to_with us to the film tonight? Acome along Bcome off Ccome across Dcome through 答案 A 考查动词短语辨析。根据句意“你今晚愿意和我们一起去看电影吗？”可知，此处意为“跟随”。come along“跟着来，跟随”，符合句意。come off“举行，发生，成功”；come across“偶然遇见”；come through“(重病后)康复”。,3(2013湖北卷)In much of the animal world, night is the time _for sleep pure and simple. Aset aside Bset down Cset off Dset up 答案 A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在很多动物世界里，夜晚完全是用来睡觉的时间。pure and simple“完全是，不折不扣是”。set aside“留出，拨出(时间等)”，符合句意。set down“写下”；set off“出发，引起”；set up“建立”。,4(2013江苏卷)Team leaders must ensure that all members_their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes. Aget over Blook over Ctake over Dcome over 答案 A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：团队领导必须确保所有的成员克服他们自然想要避免因犯错而带来的尴尬。get over“克服”，符合句意。look over“检查”；take over“接管”；come over“顺便来访”。,二、动词词义辨析 动词词义辨析一直都是高考考查的重点，这类题绝大部分情况下所给的四个选项的含义各不相同、没有关联性，此时考查的是对题干和语境的理解，偶尔也考查近义词的辨析。近三年考查到的动词词义辨析题有： sacrifice；substitute；simplify；survive conclude；lead；avoid；hold persuade；promise；invite；support open；narrow；widen；leave make；turn；take；have differ；shrink；fail；decline sponsor；launch；organize；plan tell；remind；warn；advise,高考体验 1(2013新课标卷)The watch was very good, and he_20 percent down for it. Apaid Bcost Cbought Dspent 答案 A 考查动词辨析。句意：那块表很不错，他以20%的折扣价买下了它。A项表示“支付”，后跟具体的钱数，与for搭配，故选A。B项的主语一般是物；C项后面一般用“商品”作宾语，可排除；D项与后面的介词不搭配，其后应用介词on。,2(2013福建卷)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which _spending quite a lot of time with students. Aenjoys Binvolves Cpractices Dsuggests 答案 B 考查动词辨析。句意：米歇尔找到了一份高中教师的工作，(这份工作)需要和学生待在一起的时间比较长。involve“包含，需要”，符合句意。enjoy“喜欢”；practice“练习”；suggest“建议”。,3(2013湖北卷)According to the law, all foreigners have to_with the local police within two weeks of arrival. Aassociate Bdispute Cnegotiate Dregister 答案 D 考查动词辨析。句意：按照该法律，所有的外国人在到来的两周内必须在当地警方登记。这里说的是在警方登记，故用register，表示“登记，注册”。associate“使联合，联想”；dispute“争论”；negotiate“协商，谈判”。,4(2013江苏卷)The town is so beautiful! I just love it. Me too. The character of the town is well _. Aqualified Bpreserved Cdecorated Dsimplified 答案 B 考查动词辨析。根据题意可知，这个城镇的特色保留得很好，因此选preserved表示“保存，保护”。qualify“使合格，使具备资格”；decorate“装饰”；simplify“使简化”。,熟词新意 动词的考查主要集中在动词词义和结构的掌握上，要求学生熟练掌握一些高频动词的词义和搭配。此外，从近几年新课标地区的试题情况来看，动词与动词短语的熟词新义在具体语境中的运用也应高度重视。,acknowledge承认；就表示感谢； 告知收到(信件等); 对打招呼 say 说；表明；宣称，声明 observe观察；注意到；遵守，奉行(法律、习俗、规章等)；纪念，庆祝 save保留，保存(keep sth to use or enjoy in the future；节省，节约；挽救；储蓄 cover 覆盖；涉及；包含；包括，涉及；论及；负担支付；够付(费用)；采访关于的新闻；报道(的新闻等)；走过(若干里)，走完(一段路程)。,stand站、立；承受、忍受 see的基本意思是“看见”，还有“设想、想象”(imagine)；“把看作”的意思。 do的基本意思是“作”还有“行、可以、足够”(used for saying that sth is enough or is suitable for a particular purpose )的意思。 develop除了“发展”的意思之外，还有“患上(病)”，“养成习惯”之意。 operate基本意思是“动手术”，还有“经营、管理”之意。 employ除了“雇佣”外，还可表示“利用”；“ 把(时间、精力)用于，占据(时间、精力)”等。,escape除了“逃走、逃脱”之意外，还可表示：“被遗忘、没被记住”(not remember)的意思。 strike除了“打、敲击”之意外，还可表示“突然想起(到)、一下子想起”(a thought or an idea come into sbs mind suddenly)的意思，可用下面句型： It strikes sb that.It occurs to sb that.某人突然想起 。 meet除了“会见”外，还有“满足(愿望、要求、需求等)”(satisfy)的意思。,pick除了“摘；挑选”外，还有“扒窃、从某人的口袋里偷东西”(quietly steal something from someones pocket)的意思 admit除了“承认”之意外，还可表示 “接收(某人入学)、准许加入(俱乐部、组织)”(allow sb to become a member of a club, a school or an organization)的意思。 deliver除了“递送，传送”之意外，还可表示 “讲课；发表(演说)”；“生孩子，为某人接生”之意。 drive “驾车”；“迫使” suit “同(某人)相配”；“合的心意，对方便”(be convenient for)。,高考体验 1(2013新课标卷)Try not to cough more than you can _since it may cause problems to your lungs. Acheck Ballow Cstop Dhelp 答案 D 考查动词辨析。句意：尽量不要过多咳嗽，因为咳嗽过多可能引发你的肺部问题。not more than one can help意为“能少尽量少”，符合句意。,2(2009海南)Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to _them too hard. Adraw Bstrike Crush Dpush 答案 D 句意：鼓励你的孩子去尝试新事物，但不要逼迫他们。push 推，挤，逼迫；strike v. 打，罢工，划燃；rush v. 冲进，匆促行事，催；draw v. 拉，拖，挨近，提取，画，绘制。根据句意，应选D。,3. (2008山东卷，28)The fact that she never apologized _a lot about what kind of person she is. Asays Btalks Cappears Ddeclares 答案 A 句意：她从来不道歉这个事实说明了她是怎样一个人。say 的意思是“说明，表明”，say a lot about也是一个短语，意思是“说明什么”，符合题意；talk 的意思是“说话，谈话”，不符合句子内容；appear 的意思是“看起来”，不合句意；declare的意思是“宣告，声称”，词义太大，明显不符合句子内容。,高考体验 (2012湖北卷)Finally，my thanks go to my tutor，who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and_ every page of my draft. Aapproved Bquoted Cpolish