制药工程专业英语.ppt

专业英语第三部分,2-hydroxy-2-phenylethanoic acid mandelic acid（扁桃酸）,benzoic acid,o-hydroxybenzoic acid,salicylic acid 水杨酸,二酸：在相应的烃的词尾加上dioic acid (e保留),6-ethyl-3-methyl octanedioic acid,(3-甲基-6-乙基辛二酸),写出下列化合物相应的英文名称,丁烷 环丁烷 环丁烯 丁醇 1,4丁二醇 丁醚 丁醇钠 2-乙氧基丁烷 丁醛 1,4丁二醛 丁酮 2,3丁二酮 丁酸 2,3-二甲基-1,4-丁二酸,1.2.4.2 羧酸酯ester和羧酸盐 carboxylate,羧酸根：the parent acid with the suffix ic is replaced by ate and then the word acid is dropped(用词尾-ate代替相 应的羧酸中的-ic，再去掉acid)。,this nomenclature applies for both common and iupac names of acids.,甲酸 methanoic acid,甲酸根 methanoate,1. 羧酸酯 esters,乙酸乙酯,ethyl,ethanoate,(acetate乙酯),1,4-丁二酸二甲酯,dimethyl,1,4-butanedioate,benzoic acid,ethyl benzoate （苯甲酸乙酯）,esters: the alkyl of corresponding alcohol is named first, followed by the name of the acid modified to end in -ate. 即，烃基 + 羧酸根,2. 羧酸盐 carboxylate,乙酸钠,sodium ethanoate,甲酸铵,ammonium methanoate,carboxylate : the metal or ammonium is named first, followed by the name of the acid modified to end in -ate. 即，金属(铵根) + 羧酸根,1.2.4.3 酰卤 acyl halides,丙酰氯,acyl 酰基,propanoic acid,propanoyl chloride,halides 卤素,酰卤,(note：the “o” of the ending oic in the acid is retained.),注意：酸中词尾的o保留,乙酰溴,ethanoic acid,ethanoyl bromide,acyl halide：the suffix -ic in the corresponding acid is replaced by the suffix -yl , and the halide name is added as a second word. 羧酸中词尾的-ic用-yl替换，再加上卤素,1.2.4.4 酰胺 amides,amides：drop the suffix -ic or -oic from the name of the parent acid and add the suffix -amide. 去掉酸中的-ic或-oic 和acid，加上-amide。,acetamide 乙 酰胺,n-methylbenzamide n- 甲基苯甲 酰胺,n,n-dimethylformamide (dmf) n, n- 二甲基甲 酰胺,amides 酰胺,propenoic acid,propenamide,丙烯酸,丙烯酰胺,1.2.4.5 酸酐 anhydride,carboxylic acid anhydrides 酸 酐,acetic acid,acetic anhydride,anhydride ：the word acid in parent acid is replaced by the word anhydride. 用anhydride代替相应羧酸中的acid 。,ethanoic acid,ethanoic anhydride,乙酸酐,甲(酸)乙(酸)酐,methanoic acid ethanoic acid,methanoic ethanoic anhydride,nitrile 腈,benzonitrile 苄腈,4-methylpentanenitrile,4-甲基戊腈,1.2.4.5 腈nitrile,nitrile: drop the suffix -ic or oic and acid from the name of the parent acid and add the suffix -nitrile. 去掉酸中的-ic或-oic 和acid，加上-nitrile。,(acetonitrile),ch3cn 乙腈,丙酰氯 丙酸酐 丙酰胺 丙酸酯,propanoyl chloride propanoic anhydride propanamide propanate,丙胺 丙醚,propylamine dipropyl ether,各类化合物英文名称词尾变化,丙烷 丙醇 丙醛 丙酮 丙晴 丙酸,propane propanol propanal propanone propanonitrile propanoic acid,1.2.5.1 monosubstituted benzenes,a. benzene as the parent name.,toluene (甲苯),chlorobenzene (氯苯),isopropylbenzene,nitrobenzene ( 硝基苯),1.2.5 芳烃 (aromatic hydrocarbons),b. benzene as a substituent,c6h5, ph: phenyl,phenylacetylene (苯乙炔),diphenylmethane,2-phenyl-2-butene,three isomers:,dibromobenzene,