新编基础医学英语听力原文及答案.pdf

新编基础医学英语听力部分 Unit 1 Scripts (D=Doctor; P=Patient) D: Please take a seat. P: Sorry to trouble you, doctor. D: Thats OK. What can I do for you? P: The holiday season is supposed to be happy, but its really hard not to overdo it. How can we stay well this time of the year? D: Yeah, its hard to keep things balanced. P: I know. This is the time of the year we really put on the pounds. Everybodys eating and drinking. D: Yeah, this is the weight-gain season. We have to be extra conscious of it. P: Can you give me some suggestions? D: First of all, try to keep a balanced diet. P: That should be easy for me. I like vegetables a lot D: Great. P: What else? D: Yes. The biggest danger is nibbling between meals. P: Whys that? D: Well, even if youre only eating small amounts, youd be surprised how quickly it can add up. P: Ah, so that is why I always feel like Ive had too much when I go to X-mas parties. D: Yup, indigestion. P: Whats the best way to handle parties? D: Choose low calorie foods, and always rememberdrinks are very high in calories. P: So we should be careful about the drinks. D: Definitely. Even one cup of egg-nog has 350 calories. Fruit juice can also be highly caloric. P: So being aware of the calorie count helps us to make the right choices. D: Absoultely. Exercise is also especially important during the holiday season. P: What kind of exercise should I do? D: There are three main groups of exercise: aerobic exercise, calisthenics and anaerobic exercise. You need to exercise hard enough until you sweat and breathe deeply without feeling breathless. P: What else should I pay attention to during the holiday? D: Try to avoid doing too much, and get plenty of rest. P: Its really hard to avoid doing too much when the holidays are so busy. D: The key is to lower your expectations. Holidays dont have to be perfect. The question to ask yourself is “Am I having a good time?” If the answer is no, cut back your activity. 1 新编基础医学英语听力部分 Keys 1. The holidays are supposed to be happy, but it is easy to gain weight and feel overstressed. 2. Avoid nibbling between meals, choose low-calorie foods, and dont drink too much. 3. Indigestion. 4. Because drinks are highly caloric. 5. Try to avoid doing too much, and get plenty of rest. 6. Aerobic exercise, calisthenics and anaerobic exercise. Unit 2Unit 2 Scripts (S=Student; P=Professor) S: Good morning, Professor Grey. P: Good morning, Kary. S: Could you tell us something about osteoporosis? P: Of course. S: Children enjoy drinking soda today. Is that helpful in building bones? P: Fizzy and sugary drinks do not cause osteoporosis directly. But if a child often drinks soda, he is laying the groundwork for a dangerous bone disease. S: What do children need to build a strong skeleton? P: Calcium and vitamin D are fundamental. S: Is osteoporosis a disease that strikes old men? P: Osteoporosis is actually a childhood disease that manifests itself later in life. S: What would the bones look like if a person suffers from osteoporosis? P: The bones will become riddled with holes, like the frame of a house that has been attacked by termites. S: Is there any trouble associated with osteoporosis? P: Yes. The broken bones can cause deformity, chronic pain or disability. S: Is it a fatal disease? P: Yes. Twenty percent of older people who suffer from a broken hip die within a year. S: It is threatening? P: Yes. It is not just a grandmothers health threat. S: Who can get the disease? P: It strikes about eight million women in the United States and menaces two million men. S: That means more women suffer osteoporosis than men? P: Yes. 2 新编基础医学英语听力部分 S: But I have never seen TV shows about osteoporosis and it is not in the headlines. P: Thats right; seldom people regard it as a killer disease. S: Can we protect ourselves? P: Sure. It is never too soon or too late to take action. S: What measures should we take? P: Calcium, vitamin D and exercise are crucial in preventing osteoporosis. S: You mean something as simple as exercise can help me prevent this disease? P: Absolutely. Keys 1. Calcium and vitamin D are fundamental. 2. Osteoporosis is actually a childhood disease that manifests itself later in life. 3. The bones will become riddled with holes, like the frame of the house that has been attacked by termites. 4. Yes. The broken bones can cause deformity, chronic pain or disability. 5. It strikes about eight million women in the United States and menaces two million men. 6. Yes. Calcium, vitamin D and exercise are crucial in preventing osteoporosis. Unit 3 Scripts Sometimes when we grow old, our memory is not as good as it was, and we are not as mentally alert. This often happens in old age. It is normal and not serious. But many older persons suffer from a severe memory loss. It is so severe that they can not even remember the simplest things. And their mental abilities are so reduced that they can not think or reason clearly or communicate with others. They become troubled and confused, suspicious and hostile. They say and do things that often make no sense and their behavior and personalities change so much that they seem to be different from the people they once were. Such persons are not mentally ill; nor are these problems caused by old age. They might be suffering from a mysterious brain disorder called Alzheimers disease. The disease is a major cause of death among older Americans. More than 3 million Americans older than 65 are believed to suffer from it. And many younger persons also have the disease. Alzheimers disease causes the brain cells of its victims to break down and wash away. The nerves in the outer part of the brain become twisted around each other. And the brain messages can not get through. So the victims no longer think or remember normally. The disease usually starts in persons between 40 and 60 years old. But 3 新编基础医学英语听力部分 sometimes it starts much earlier. It causes its victims to suffer some of the mental weakness and memory loss that often develop in much older persons, but because the victims are younger，Alzheimers disease many times is mistaken for an emotional problem. Keys 1. They think it is a natural aging process. 2. They behave differently from before. 3. Troubled and confused, suspicious and hostile. 4. Because of an unknown brain disorder. 5. Because their twisted brain cells cant transmit any messages. Unit 4 Scripts Alcohol and Heart Attacks This is Bill White with the VOA Special English Health Report. A new study says drinking beer, wine or other alcoholic drinks several times a week can help prevent heart attacks in men. Kenneth Mukamal (MUCK-a-mal) of Harvard University Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts led the study. It said men who drank moderate amounts of alcohol three or more times a week were about 30 percent less likely to have a heart attack than non-drinkers. The kind of alcoholic drink did not appear important. Doctor Mukamal says drinking even a little alcohol several times a week can protect the heart. The study appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine. Researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center completed the study. They developed their findings from a 12-year study of almost 40,000 men. The men were ages 40 to 75. The researchers recorded how much alcohol the men drank and how often. They noted the kind of alcohol and whether the men drank it with meals. They also considered other facts. These included the mens ages, use of tobacco, physical activity and whether their parents had heart disease. Doctor Mukamal says there are several reasons for the results of the study. Alcohol usually raises levels of HDL, the so-called good kind of cholesterol. In addition, alcohol affects the bodys reaction to the hormone insulin. Insulin helps control sugar in the blood. And alcohol may improve how the body processes blood sugar. Alcohol also affects two important blood processes. This may help prevent blockages in blood vessels that cause heart attacks. Earlier studies show moderate alcohol use also could help prevent heart attacks in 4 新编基础医学英语听力部分 women. But too much alcohol is linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. However, not all doctors agree that drinking alcohol is a good way to prevent heart attacks. The head of preventive medicine at Columbia University in New York City says medicines currently in use can help prevent heart attacks. Ira Goldberg says people can take these medicines without the risk of diseases linked to alcohol. Drinking too much alcohol is bad for the health. It can cause liver problems. And it can lead to deadly accidents while driving or operating machinery. In addition, some people become dependent on alcohol. Keys 1. Because men who drank moderate amounts of alcohol were about 30 percent less likely to have a heart attack than non-drinkers. 2. They did the research based on the following factors: the mens ages, use of tobacco, physical activity and whether their parents had heart disease. 3. Too much alcohol is linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, and can cause liver problems. 4. They prefer medicines, not alchohol. 5. Forty-thousand. Unit 5 Scripts Asthma is a disease in which small air passages in the lungs become temporarily blocked. This causes difficulty in breathing. The disease affects an estimated 17 million Americans and it is the most common disease among children. Day care centers are places where babies and children are cared for while their parents are at work. Researchers studied babies of different ages in day care centers. They found that babies placed in day care before aged 6 months gained the greatest protection against developing asthma in later life. They were only about half as likely to have asthma at age 13 as babies who did not attend day care until later. Babies who entered day care after the age of 6 months received some protection from asthma. But they did not gain as much protection as the younger babies. Children who entered day care after the age of one showed no increased protection against the disease. The study also found that children with two or more older brothers or sisters at home also had a lower risk for asthma. Scientists believe early experiences with bacteria and viruses may help develop a babys defense system against disease. Asthma cases have increased more than 100 percent in recent years. Experts say families with few children could result in the weakening of a childs defense against disease, and homes cleaned with products that fight bacteria could create the same problem. The asthma study provides evidence for the idea that keeping a baby in an environment 5 新编基础医学英语听力部分 almost free of germs may cause problems later in life. Keys 1. They have trouble breathing. 2. Thirteen years old. 3. Those who come to the center before the age of 6 months. 4. Those who grow up with other children. 5. A germ-free environment is not good to the growth of the children. Unit 6 Scripts Salad consumption is an all time high with nearly three out of every four Americ ans making salad a regular part of their meals. But a new report from researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention finds that food poisoning from le afy greens are also on the rise. Doctors analyzed national data on food-borne illne sses reported between 1973 and 2006. Both two outbreaks were caused by conta mination with an oral virus, the bug that triggers stomach flu. But some will do to E. Coli and Salmonella bacteria. Reserachers discovered that Americas new affinity for salads could not explain the increase in illnesses. From 1996 to 2005 leafy gre en consumption rose by 9%, but food poisonings from salad greens increased by 3 9%. Experts say that more study is needed to determine the reasons for this rise but the contamination at farms and major processing plants are usually behind wid espread outbreaks. People can reduce their risk of a whole food poisoning by thor oughly washing all greens before eating them. Keys 1. Three out of four. 2. Food poisoning from leafy greens. 3. Contamination with an oral virus. 4. 9%. 5. By thoroughly washing all greens before eating them. Unit 7 Scripts The stats and studies have made official a story you may already know about through a loved one because of what Americans take in these days: more and more of our kids 6 新编基础医学英语听力部分 are turning up with kidney stones. Our report on this new and unwelcome medical development tonight from our chief medical editor Dr. Nancy Snyderman. Amanda Snyder is an active athletic 9-year-old. But two years ago, she was rushed to the hospital. “She was moaning, crying, calling mummy and vomiting.” An ultra-sound showed Amanda had developed a kidney stone. “The stone went up to one centimeter.” Kidney stones were once thought to be primarily a middle-aged problem. Dr. Pecker Sally at the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia believes its now a growing trend among children. “About firve years ago, we used to see maybe 10 patients a year. Now we are seeing about 5 patients a week.” He says family history can be a risk factor. But something else has to account for the sudden rise. This problem isnt confined to children who are overweight or have other health issues. “The typical kid that comes in is a young girl between the age of eight to twelve who doesnt like to drink a lot of water, is very active and lots of fast food. ” Fast food and sports drinks have lots of salt that constrain the kidneys and cause calcium deposits to form stones. Now pediatricians urge children to drink at least four tall glasses of water a day in addition to anything else. For Amenda the prescription is medication, more water and a changing diet. “I hate to give up like French fries and potato chips and pop corn. But if I would eat it, I would like to drink a lot of water.” Simple changes to focus not on treating kidney stones but preventing them. Keys 1. More and more kids are turning up with kidney stones. 2. She is an active athletic 9-year-old. 3. She had developed a kidney stone. 4. Family history can be a risk factor. 5. Pediatricians urge children to drink at least four tall glasses of water a day in addition to anything else. Unit 8 Scripts Doctors recently found a way to treat children with non-genetically matched bone marrow transplants. They are now able to remove the cells that attack the childs body. 7 新编基础医学英语听力部分 These cells are called T-cells. They are dangerous only when fully developed. The doctors remove the T-cells by mixing healthy marrow with a substance from soybeans called lactim. They then pour the marrow mixture over a thick protein albumen in a glass test tube. The lactim acts as a magnet and pulls the developed T-cells to it. The lactim and the T-cells around it are so heavy that they sink to the bottom of the test tube. This leaves the marrow cells on top almost completely free of the dangerous T-cells. To remove even more of them, doctors mix the marrow with red blood cells from sheep. These blood cells capture any T-cells that remain. Doctors tested this procedure by injecting 7 sick children with the new marrow. All 7 developed healthy defense systems. Two thirds of all persons needing bone marrow transplants die, because no marrow with the right genes can be found for them. Doctors believe the new marrow treatment might save them. They also believe the treatment some day may help persons with deadly blood diseases, such as leukemia or sickle cell anemia. Keys 1. The cells attacking the patients body. 2. Its a substance from soybeans. 3. It acts as a magnet and pulls the developed T-cells to it. 4. They use the lactim to pull the developed T-cells around it and u se the red blood cells from sheep to capture the remaining T-cells. 5. Doctors believe that some day it will same people with deadly blood diseas es. Unit 9 Scripts Doctors say anger can be an extremely harmful emotion, unless you know how to deal with it. They warn that angry feelings can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, losing control of themselves. But other people repress their anger; they cannot or will not express it. For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a persons health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry the brain releases the same hormones that are produced during tense situations. They increase blood pressure, speed sugar into the blood, and narrow the blood vessels to the intestines. In general, the person feels excited and ready to act. Doctors said that repressing these feelings only makes the feelings continue. And this can lead to many medical problems. Doctors thought a person could prevent these problems by letting the anger out. Recently, however, some doctors expressed a different 8 新编基础医学英语听力部分 view. They said that people who express anger repeatedly and violently became, in fact, more and not less angry, thus increasing the risk of medical problems. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger intensely may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide how you want to handle your angry feelings. Letting your anger cool enables you to express yourself calmly and reasonably, in a more healthy way. Keys 1. Keeping ones anger inside. 2. Some blood vessels become narrowed. 3. It is dangerous to express anger repeatedly or re