托福阅读中的同义替换.docx

智课网TOEFL备考资料托福阅读中的同义替换 摘要： 在托福考试中阅读的词汇量要求最大，这给很多学生都增加了负担，其实作者在提到一些难词、术语时一般都会进行paraphrase，即以更常见、更简单的词来解释说明这些词，通俗的说就是将这些不太好理解的单词进行同义替换。 如何快速理解 托福 阅读文章的意思，同义替换就是非常不错的方法，那么怎样正确运用同义替换呢?我们可以从下面几个地方入手。 一般说来，我们可以从如下几个方面来进行paraphrase转述表达： 1. 同义词、反义词的替换 A The elephant is another animal that lives in groups. An elephant herd usually has from twenty to forty members. The elephants in theherd depend on one another for help in time of trouble. 解析：此处groups/ herd是同义词; B Dinosaurs were ancient species of reptiles. They lived on Earth for 160 million years. Some dinosaurs were as small as rabbits; others were enormous. Some ate meat, and others ate plants. They disappeared about 65 million years ago. Scientists believe that they starved to death. They think the climate changed quickly and caused many plants to die. 解析：此处lived/ disappeared;small/enormous; meat /plants均为反义词词组; 2. 词义词性的替换 C Recently, more airport officers have been shocked by the growth of animal smuggling. Sometimes, they find live turtles, lizards, frogs, and snakes in passengers carry-on bags. Smugglers use several tricks to bring animals through airports. They put live snakes into film boxes and birds into tennis ball cans. Police even found an iguana taped to a mans chest. Not all animals are smuggled alive, however. Many die on the way. Animal body parts are also found. These include antlers, skins, dried organs, hooves, or feet. 解析：此处smuggling、Smugglers、 smuggled都是单词smuggle的不同形式，为了表达不同的词性，做不同的成分，分别使用了不同的词性和词义。 3. 句子结构的替换 A flying car society has many problems to solve. The first concerns safety. If there are no roads, what will stop people from crashing into each other? It is easy for a single car to travel, but what happens when there are thousands? Another issue is cost. At the moment, it costs several million dollars for one car. How can people afford to buy them? The third issue is fuel. At the moment, it costs several million dollars for one car. How can people afford to buy them? The third issue is fuel. There needs to be enough fuel to supply these cars. The fuel also needs to be less polluting than the kind we use now. Still, technology is advancing. It is likely that these problems will be solved in a few years. Then, dr