英语答案校对和问答题参考答案.docx

Unit 3判断题第一题和选择题第一题（C选项）貌似矛盾。问答题：1、What are some of the characteristics of the British constitutional monarchy? How has the English monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy?A: the official head of state is the monarchy with traditional and symbolic power. The government is elected by people and governs according to the constitutional principles. In ancient times, the monarchy ruled the country according to the ancient doctrine “Divine right of God”. At that time , monarchy had great power. In the medieval time , when the Kings own wealth couldnt cover royal expenses, he would try to persuade the Great Council to give him some extra money.By the 13th century, Kings widen the Great Council to raise more money. In this way, the Great Council came to include who were summoned by name and representatives of communities.The power of parliament became bigger and bigger over time. In the 17th century , the Civil War broke out which was rooted in a dispute of the power of the King and Parliament. The roundheads representing the Parliament defeated the royalists. But a restoration to the throne was achieved by Charles in 1660.In 1688, the King agreed to declare that governing without the parliament is illegal in the Glorious Revolution.In 1689,the Bill of Right was passed by parliament which make sure the King would never be able to ignore the parliament.2、How did the doctrine of the “divine right of king”, according to the author, lead to the Civil War? What do you know about the revolution of the 17th century?A: It was held that the sovereign derived his authority from God not from his subjects. So the sovereign can do whatever he likes. But with the acquisition of power of Parliament , kings power was limited. The Civil war was rooted in a dispute over the power of the king and parliament. there were two revolutions of 17th century: the civil war and the glorious revolution. The civil war was led by the roundheads that representing Parliament defeated the royalists. The roundheads succeeded in ousting the monarchy, Charles, in 1642 and ruled for 18years before the monarchy, Charles , was restored.The glorious revolution happened in1688, when the king James also tried to govern without the consent of the parliament. Leading politicians and authorities of the church ask James son-in-law William of Orange, to replace him. In return, William promised these representatives that he will declare that governing without the parliament consent to be illegal.In 1689 parliament passed the Bill of Right that the king would never be able to ignore parliament. 3、What is the history of English parliament? What role did the parliament play in the civil war?A:The term was first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money. By the 13th Century, king found they could not make the ends meet by asking money from this quite small group, and so they widened the Great Council to include representatives of counties, cities and towns.It was in this way that the Great Council came to include both those who were summoned “by name”(the House of Lords)and representatives of communities(the House of Commons).The two houses exist today collectively we call them the Parliament.Parliament represents the community ,having no real political right ,and It was the effort to reassert the rights of Parliament that led to the civil war.4、Discuss the major characteristics and the main content of British constitutionA: Israel and Britain are the only two countries without written constitutions. The foundations of British Constitution are laid out in : statute law which are passed by Parliament.the common law : laws which have been written through common practice in courts. conventions : rules and practices which do not exist legally but are nevertheless regarded as vital to the working of government.5、Why does the author say that parliament is supreme in the British state? What function does parliament have? What role does the Queen (king) and Prime Minister play in British government?A: parliament can change the terms of Constitution and there are not legal restraints upon it. First, It pass laws which is the most important oneSecond, It provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation.Third, It scrutinizes government policy, administration and expenditureFourth, It debates the major issues of the day. The Queen is the head of executives, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, commander of chief of the armed forces, a confidante to the prime minister. the prime minister is the leader of the party which wins the most supporters in the Commons. He form the government.6、What kind of institution is the house of Lords? What role does it play in the British government.A: The house of Lords is made of the Lords Spiritual (archbishops and most prominent bishops of the church of England) and the Lords of Temporal (everyone else) peers speak and vote as individuals in parliament , not as representatives of the great interests of the country. Because the house of Lords is a part of the parliament ,it must agree to pass a given legislation before the legislation is put into effect.(课本40页第四段)Unit 71、（1）The purpose of school is to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will to become active members of society. But the purpose of the British education system is also to socialize children. （2）开放题2、The controversies in education system reflect the deeper divisions in British society as a whole. Britain is a society in which social class is still very important: class inequality can be erased or continued according to educational policy. If you understand the importance of the relationship between education and social class, you can understand a great deal about British culture and society.3、（1）When the Germans began dropping bombs on British cities,750000 school children were “evacuated” to live in the countryside where it was hoped they would be safer. Schools were closed or used for war purposes and education continued in the countryside on an hoc basis. （2）more equality （3）The result was the 1944 Education Act which made entry to secondary（middle）schools and universities “meritocratic”. In the 1960s,comprehensive schools were introduced all over the country, which ended the division between grammar schools. Entrance exams were abolished and schools were no longer allowed to let children “compete” for places.4、Universities, reflecting the trend throughout the education system, have traditionallyvbeen rather elitist. Most students were from the middle classes, attended good schools, performed well in their A-levels and received a fully-funded placein a university.5、(1)The open University offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degree. People can register without having any formal educational qualifications. They follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, videos, residential schools and a network of study centres. (2)开放题Unit 9I. TTFTT FFTTTII. CDBAA CBCAAIII.1. reading newspapers2. national, daily3. quality4. the Guardian5. the tabloid6. censorship7. the British Broadcasting Corporation8. BBC One;BBC Two9. The tabloids10. The Financial Time11. The Official Secret Act12. Functions, cultureIV.1. quality papersone of the categories of the national dailies which carry more serious, in-depth articles of particular political, reviews and feature articles about high culture. They are also referred as the broadsheets and their readers are generally a well-educated middle class audience.2. tabloidsa small format newspapers with color photos and catchy headlines. Usually interested in scandals and gossip about famous people. 3. the TimesThe Times began publishing in 1785 and it is the United Kingdoms oldest daily newspaper.4. BBCThe British Broadcasting Corporation. Founded in 1927 as a public service radio station and later moved in television. Its Britain main public service broadcaster which has 2 channels.Questions1. Because for most British people, most day begin with a look at the morning newspapers. On an average day, 90% of Britons over the age of15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television:96%of the population watch TV at least once a week.They provide people with information about political and social issues; provide weather reports; carry advertising; provide people a forum for people to express their views or seek advice. But British media play an important role in engendering a national culture.2. British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read. Although most newspapers are financially independent of political parties, they often express particular political views and most people will choose to read a newspaper which accords with their own fellings.Newspaper reading in America is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the “lower classes” are also regulars.3. There is no particular state censorship, but many British laws limit the freedom of the press. The media such as journal is also affected by the Official Secrets Acts, a legal act which stipulates that all government information is kept secret unless the government says it can be released.4. The BBC is funded by license fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set. Because the BBC is funded by license fees, there are technically no commercials, although between shows there are trailers for upcoming shows and promotions for products associated with the BBC.Unit10一 判断、选择、填空 校对判断10. F P157 Scotland Line 2 (In Ireland Scotland, New Years Eve)填空4 Royal Ascot P153 Line3二 问答Q1: Find some examples from the text to demonstrate how Christian Church has influenced the sports and leisure activities of the British.A1:Example 1: Sunday is still the day that most people have off in the UK because it is the day of the week when everyone traditionally went to Church. Example 2: Tennis was invented in Britain and it owes its origins, literally, to the Church. Church records indicate that by the mid-15th century, people were making a game of bouncing a ball off the side of their local churches or cathedrals, fisrt using the hand, and later a racquet.Q2: Why is cricket very English? Why does the author believe that cricket was associated with a set of English values?A2:Cricket was one of the very first team sports in Britain to have oragnised rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally.In the 19th century, cricket became a “snob” game played by boys who attended public schools. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK, cricket became associated with a set of English values, in particular the idea of “fair play” which characterized British governmentQ3: How do the British celebrate Christmas? In what way does this holiday and the ways of celebration in Britain reflect Western cultural tradition in general and British traditions in particular?A3:Form ancient times there are many Celtic or pagan traditions such as decorating the house with evergreen plants like holly and ivy, or kissing under a twig of mistletoe. Nowadays Christmas is celebrated by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods and decorating homes and workplaces its coloured lights Christmas trees and ornaments.There are three ways that are particularly British: one is the Christmas Pantomime. It is a comical musical play usually based on a popular traditional childrens story, there are two main characters in the play: the main male character, “the principal boy”, is played by a young woman, and “the Dame”, often an ugly woman, is played by a man. Another British Christmas tradition is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the television and radio. She usually talks about the year that has passed and expresses her hopes for the future. A third British tradition, which is also celebrated in countries with British heritages, is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christmas. Traditionally, it was on Boxing Day that people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants. Now that most British people do not have servants, this custom is no longer observed. However, a new Boxing Day custom has emerged, in the cities at least: shopping. Shops open up to sell off all their Christmas stock decorations, food, cards and gift items at low prices.Q4: In what way are the Welsh people different from England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland in celebrating their holidays? 书上木有答案下册 Unit 4判断题第8题没有在书中找到答案。选择题没有问题简答题1.(1) when the war of independence was over, the united states was not one unified nation.(2)Each new state had its own government and was organized like an independent nation.(3)Each made its own laws and handled all of its internal affairs.(4)The states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other.(5)when the Congress needed money to pay the national army or to pay debts owed to France and other nations, some states refused to contribute.(6)The Congress had been no authority to force any state to do anything.it could not tax any citizen. Only the state in which a citizen lived could do that.it was necessary .(1) The future of American would be in gray if there were not any changes.(2) They could not win the respect of other nations if the states did not pay their debts.(3) They could not improve the country by building roads or canals if the states would not work together.2.我相信不会考，你们相信我么。3. legislative branch: the main duty of the congress is to make laws, levy federal taxes, declarewar or put foreign treaties into effect.Executive branch: The president , the chief formulator of public policy, has broad powers to issue regulations and directives, and appoints the heads and senior officials of the executive branch agencies.Judicial branch: the Courts most important function consists of determining whether congressional legislation or executive action violates the Constitution.The checks and balance:The bill passed by Congress should be sent to the president for his signature. And the president can vote any bill passed by Congress, the vote can also be overridden if two-thirds of the members of both houses in Congress vote in favor of it .The president has the authority to make treaties with other nations and to appoint federal judges as vacancies occur, including members of the Supreme Court. All such treaties and court appointments are subject to confirmation by the Senate.The president has the authority to appoint federal judges as vacancies occur, including members of the Supreme Court. The Court can determine whether the executive action violates the Constitution and has the right of examination .The Congress can remove the federal judges through the process of impeachment and trial , and the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law unconstitutional passed by the Congress and therefore no longer in effect.见图示：4见名词解释5课后答案5Today, the united states has two major parties. One is the Democratic Party, which is evolved out of Thomas Jeffersons party, formed before 1800.The symbol is donkey. And most Americans consider the Democratic party the more liberal party.By that they mean Democrats believe the federal government and the governments should be active in providing social and economic programs for those who need them. The other party is the Republican Party, which was formed in the 1850s by people in the state of the North and West. The symbol of it is the elephant.In contrast to the Democratic Party, the Republicans are not necessarily opposed to social programs ,they believe such programs are too costly to the taxpayers. They place more emphasis on private enterprise and often accuse the Democrats of making the initiative.so Americans tend to think the republican Party as more conservative. 拼写错误敬请谅解！下U8 Education in the US问答题1. What is the goal of education in the US?P118The goal is to achieve universal literacy and to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote both their own individual welfate as well as that of the general public.2. How did American education system begin to develop?P121(1)Within just a few years after the Puritans arrival, they took steps to set up a system of education in their colony:In 1634, they opened a “latin grammar” school.In 1636, Harvard College was founded for the training of religious ministers.In 1634 and 1638, the Puritans passed laws declaring that all property could be taxed for the commen good, which included the support of schools.In 1642 and 1647, the Bay Golony passed laws requiring all parents to provide reading education for their children.Thus, in less than 20 years, the Puritans introduced compulsory education for all children in the 17th century.P122(2)The 10th Amendment of the Constitution guarantees the right of each state to provide for the education of its people.(3)In 1954 the Supreme Court ruled it is unconstitutional to segregate blacks into separate school.P123(4*)More and more Americans viewed the university as the doorway to a medical or law degree, a position in government, or a management position in a major business office.3. 本人认为此题是开放题。Unit 10 Social problems 选择题、判断题、填空题木有发现错误。问答题：1. American society is a stratified one ,