LinuxVNCOracle安装手册.doc

Linux+VNC+Oracle安装手册作者：王岳1. 安装软件版本1.1 LinuxCentOS6.2、CentOS6.41.2 VNCtigervnc-server-1.1.0-5.el6_4.1.x86_641.3 OracleOracle 11g2. 安装VNC2.1 安装vncserver服务端和客户端rootlocalhost # yuminstalltigervnctigervnc-servery2.2 安装fontforgerootlocalhost # yuminstallfontforge-y2.3 安装桌面软件rootlocalhost # yumgroupinstallDesktopy2.4 添加vncserver服务启动参数rootlocalhost /# vi /etc/sysconfig/vncserversVNCSERVERS=1:root 2:oracleVNCSERVERARGS1=-geometry 1024x768VNCSERVERARGS2=-geometry 1024x768这里的1和2代表使用VNC时可以用root或oracle用户登录，其连接接口号是1：root=5901、2：oracle=5902。2.5 配置相应的用户rootlocalhost /# vncpasswdPassword:Verify:rootlocalhost /# su - oracleoraclelocalhost $ vncpasswdPassword:Verify:生成配置文件：rootlocalhost /# vncserveroraclelocalhost $ vncserver设置配置文件：rootlocalhost # vi.vnc/xstartuporaclelocalhost $ vi.vnc/xstartup将下列内容加入到文件最后：#twm&gnome-session&2.6 防火墙开放端口在linux使用防火墙的情况下通过VNC连接,需要打开端口5901、5902或创建的VNC用户端口。需要修改配置文件iptables，然后重启iptables服务。rootlocalhost # vi/etc/sysconfig/iptables此文件下会有一个默认22端口开放配置，按22的配置参加5901、5902即可：-A INPUT -m state -state NEW -m tcp -p tcp -dport 22 -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -m state -state NEW -m tcp -p tcp -dport 5901 -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -m state -state NEW -m tcp -p tcp -dport 5902 -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -m state -state NEW -m tcp -p tcp -dport 1521 -j ACCEPT随便把数据库的端口1521也开放。保存后重启：rootlocalhost # /sbin/serviceiptablesrestart2.7 启停操作启动：service vncserver start停止：service vncserver stop启停：service vncserver restart正常启动结果：正在启动 VNC 服务器：1:root New linuxjcq0:1 (root) desktop is linuxjcq0:1Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartupLog file is /root/.vnc/linuxjcq0:1.log2:oracle New linuxjcq0:2 (oracle) desktop is linuxjcq0:2Starting applications specified in /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartupLog file is /home/oracle/.vnc/linuxjcq0:2.log确定2.8 问题解决方式2.8.1 查看是否已安装VNCrootlocalhost # rpm -qa | grep vnc显示版本如下：tigervnc-server-1.1.0-5.el6_4.1.x86_64tigervnc-1.1.0-5.el6_4.1.x86_64如没有任何显示，说明没有安装VNC。2.8.2 无法正常启动或停止VNC服务rootlocalhost # ps -ef | grep -i vnc | grep -v grep把VNC所有进程kill掉。2.8.3 启动报错Warning: testdb:1 is taken because of /tmp/.X1-lock处理过程：rootlocalhost # rm -f /tmp/.X1-lock启动尝试，仍然报错：Warning: testdb:1 is taken because of /tmp/.X11-unix/X1同样的处理过程：rootlocalhost # rm -f /tmp/.X11-unix/X1如还有类似tmp目录下文件报错，继续删除该报错文件。WARNING: the first attempt to star Xvnc failed,possibly because the font catalog is not properly configured, attempting to determine an appropriate font path for this system and restart Xvnc using that font path .解决办法：更新字体库，时间较长。rootlocalhost # yum -y upgrade3. 安装Oracle数据库3.1 创建oracle用户及用户组rootlocalhost # groupadd oinstallrootlocalhost # groupadd dbarootlocalhost # useradd -g oinstall -G dba oraclerootlocalhost # passwd oracle3.2 创建oracle需要的文件夹及赋予权限rootlocalhost # usermod -g oinstall -G dba oraclerootlocalhost # mkdir -p /home/oracle/approotlocalhost # mkdir /home/oracle/app/oraclerootlocalhost # mkdir /home/oracle/app/oradatarootlocalhost # mkdir /home/oracle/app/oracle/productrootlocalhost # chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oraclerootlocalhost # chmod -R 755 /home/oracle3.3 修改系统核心参数3.3.1 修改内核rootlocalhost # vi /etc/sysctl.conf将下列内容加入到文件最后：fs.file-max = 6815744fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 4194304net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576rootlocalhost # sysctl -p3.3.2 为oracle用户设置Shell限制rootlocalhost # vi /etc/security/limits.conf将下列内容加入到 # End of file 之前：oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 655363.3.3 系统环境配置rootlocalhost # vi /etc/pam.d/login将下列内容加入到文件最后：session required pam_limits.sosession required /lib/security/pam_limits.sorootlocalhost # vi /etc/profile将下列内容加入到文件最后：if $USER = oracle ; then if $SHELL = /bin/ksh ; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fifirootlocalhost # vi /etc/csh.login将下列内容加入到文件最后：if ( $USER = oracle) then limit maxproc 16384 limit descriptors 65536endifrootlocalhost # vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile将下列内容加入到文件最后：umask 022export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/appexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_SID=orclexport PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib执行下面内容让配置文件生效：rootlocalhost # source /home/oracle/.bash_profile执行下面内容安装oracle依赖包：rootlocalhost # yum install binutils compat-libstdc+ elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c+ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc+ libstdc+-devel make sysstat compat-libstdc+-296 compat-libstdc+-33 pdksh unixODBC unixODBC-devel unixODBC3.4 安装Oracle11g3.4.1 上传安装文件及修改配置上传安装文件（任意目录即可）：linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.ziplinux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip解压安装文件：rootlocalhost dba# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.ziprootlocalhost dba# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.ziprootlocalhost dba# chown -R oracle:oinstall /dba/database编辑install目录下面的oraparamSilent.ini文件，在“Certified Versions”的项目中添加“redhat-6”。rootlocalhost install# vi /dba/database/install/oraparamsilent.iniCertified VersionsSolaris=5.6,5.7,5.8,5.9Linux=redhat-6,redhat-3,redhat-43.4.2 VNC远程连接安装oracle下载连接客户端：/download/viewer/运行：VNC-Viewer-5.0.6-Windows-64bit.exe注意：远程连接用户必须使用oracle用户，如使用root用户在切换到oracle运行安装时会报：oracle exception in thread main java.lang.noclassdeffounderrot输入VNC用户密码（必须是端口号对应的用户密码）：连接成功：打开终端：执行./runInstaller基本都是默认下一步，按图安装：上图需要执行两个文件，在VNC中打开一个新的终端，切换到root用户执行以下命令：rootlocalhost # /home/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.shrootlocalhost # /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh执行完后点击Ok紧接着root用户下执行命令：rootlocalhost # /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/relink all大功告成，安装结束3.5 创建数据库监听在oracle用户下执行命令：oraclelocalhost $ netca创建结束。3.6 创建数据库实例在使用DBCA创建数据库之前，使用root用户执行下面的命令，将dba组添加到系统内核中。rootlocalhost # echo 501 /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group在VNC终端中执行命令：oraclelocalhost $ dbca创建完成。3.7 重新安装需要的操作rm rf /home/oracle/rm rf /etc/oratabrm rf /etc/oraInst.locrm -rf /tmp/OraInstall*rm f /usr/local/bin/coraenv rm f /usr/local/bin/dbhomerm f /usr/local/bin/oraenvgroupdel oinstallgroupdel dba#如果要重新安装，可以不删除用户组3.8 初始化数据库在oracle用户下输入sqlplus /as sysdba3.8.1 创建数据表空间SQL Create tablespace zfdb_data datafile /home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/zfdata.dbf Size 2048M autoextend on;3.8.2 创建临时表空间SQL Create temporary tablespace zfdb_temp tempfile /home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/zfdb_temp.dbf Size 200M autoextend on;3.8.3 创建程序用户SQL Create user pay identified by Asdf1234 default tablespace zfdb_data temporary tablespace zfdb_temp;SQL grant connect,resource to pay;3.8.4 创建索引表空间SQL Create tablespace zfdb_idx datafile /home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/zfdb_index.d