英语单元知识整合.doc

Unit 21Unit 22知识整合一、知识网络词汇单词familiar otherwise perform wedding musical generation hero nowadays passer-by cap note can hammer root thought gay ray part memory soul iron tin marry whisper singlesquare revolutionary servantbrave cruel disturb mental tax fortune arrival prisoner strength attend suffer chemist eager词组letin have a test in peace fall in love with make sure of suffer from in public set fire to burnto the ground do wrong sentenceto death do a good deed语法动词-ing形式作定语、表语、状语交际表示决定、决心；表示推断及可能性的用语二、词语辨析1.in praise of/praise sb.for sth./sing high praise forin praise of为介词短语，意为“颂扬、歌颂”，在句中作状语。praise sb.for sth.为动词短语，意为“因表扬某人”。sing high praise for为“唱赞歌、高度赞扬”。2.familiar with/familiar tofamiliar with主语为人，意为“having a good knowledge of”，表示句中主语对with的宾语熟悉，意为“熟悉，通晓”。familiar to意为“well known to”，译为“为所熟知”，主语是物，而宾语是人，表示句子的主语被介词to的宾语所熟悉。3.makeout of/be made of/be made from/be made into/be made withmakeout of指做成整个成品的材料，常用于口语中。be made of指成品中可以看出原材料，其制作过程中仅发生了物理变化。be made from指成品制成后，成品中已看不出原材料，其制作过程发生了化学变化。be made into意为“（某种原料）可以制成（某种成品）”。be made with意为“（成品）是由某种材料制成的”，原料前用with指成品的组成部分。4.eager/anxiouseager是积极的渴望；anxious一般是对结果怀有不安的渴望。从搭配上看eager与介词for/after/about搭配，anxious与about/for搭配，两者均可跟不定式。5.mental/spiritualmental心理的、智力的、精神的，它是相对于“体力的”而言；spiritual精神的，它是相对于“物质的”而言。6.strength/power/forcestrength意为“气力、力量”，指内在的力量，这个力量可以从事、完成、忍受或抵制许多事情。power是个通用词，指各种“力”，既可是物质的，也可是精神的或是道德的力量。force指为了做一个动作而使出的具体力气。7.persuade sb.to do sth./advise sb.to do sth.persuade sb.to do sth.意为“说服某人做某事（含有劝说成功之意）”。advise sb.to do sth.表示“劝说某人做某事（结果不一定说服）”。三、句型必背A.Which do you prefer，rice or bread?He said he preferred the country to the city.She preferred to live among the working people.She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.I prefer going to school by bike.Even on holidays，he preferred doing something to doing nothing. I should prefer you not to go there alone. I prefer that you should not stay at home alone all day.B.插入成分:The sports meet， I think，was quite sucHJ*5/9cessful.（主谓结构）He is， indeed，an honest boy.（副词）This sentence，in my opinion，is correct.（介词短语）I couldnt do anything about it， to be honest.（不定式）Judging from your accent，you must be from Scotland.（分词短语）Strange，he often forgot to turn off the lights.（形容词）C.Which would you rather have sweets or fruit?I would rather have red apples than green ones.Wed rather that you came tomorrow.D.The news was passed down by word of mouth.The teachers pass on their knowledge to the students.E.Xiao Li is taller than any other student in our class.China is larger than any European country.What do think of the film?It is wonderful indeed.Ive never seen a more moving one.F.Mary keeps crying，so she must have some trouble，I think.The doctor may be waiting for us at the airport.It must have rained last night，for the ground it wet.The news spread fast.You might have read about it in the papers.The farmer must have been mad then， wasnt he? The students must have made the experiment by themselves， havent they?G.It is the first time that he has been in Beijing.It was the first time that I had learned how to drive a car.H.Seeing those pictures，he couldnt help but thinking of those days in Beijing.Having finished the work，he went back home on foot.Time permitting（独立结构），I will take up a new lesson.With the fire burning all the night（with的复合结构），she had a sound sleep.四、灵活运用选用所给词语的适当形式填空1.in praise of/praise sb.for sth./sing high praise for（1）We will put on some plays our heroes on May Day.（2）The teacher the students for their diligence.（3）The tourists this villages clinics.【答案】（1）in praise of （2）praised （3）sang high praise for2.familiar with/familiar to（1）I am not the American way of life.（2）The facts are me.（3）This book is written for readers the German language.（4）Nothing but patient study can make one English idioms.【答案】（1）familiar with （2）familiar to （3）familiar with （4）familiar with3.makeout of/be made of/be made from/be made into/be made with（1）The desks and chairs wood.（2）She a shirt the material.（3）These wine bottles glass.（4）This kind of wine grape.（5）Stones can into bridges.（6）A fruit cake fruit.【答案】（1）are made of （2）madeout of （3）are made of （4）is made from （5）be made （6）is made with4.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空（1）Old as he is，he prefers walking to （ride）.（2）They preferred their only daughter （work）in Tibet.（3）He preferred that we （have）the discussion right after the lecture.【答案】（1）riding （2）to work （3）should have5.eager/anxious（1）She is to join the Party.（2）We are for/after peace.（3）We are for Sunday to come.（4）He was to get to know the result of the exam.（5）She is about your health.【答案】（1）eager （2）eager （3）eager（4）anxious （5）anxious6.mental/spiritual（1）His life is very rich.（2）We should give him reward as well as reward.（3）She has disease.【答案】（1）spiritual （2）spiritual；mental （3）mental7.strength/power/force（1）That will add to your argument.（2）Hell do everything in his to help you.（3）He was killed by the of the blow.（4）Knowledge is .（5）Whats your ?【答案】（1）strength （2）power （3）force （4）power （5）strength典例剖析例1（2000 NMET）She Jack for twenty years.A.married toB.married withC.has been married toD.has been married with【解析】 marry为非延续性动词，因此，能与for twenty years搭配应从C、D两项中选取，与结婚用介词to，故选C。【答案】 C例2（2000 NMET）Rather than on a crowded bus，he always prefers a bicycle.A.ride；ride B.riding；rideC.to ride；riding D.ride；to ride【解析】 本题考查动词不定式的用法。动词prefer在表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”时，有两种句型:prefer doing sth.to doing sth.或prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.，本题由于强调rather than do sth.，所以将其提到了句首。【答案】 D例3（1999 NMET）He you more help，even though he was very busy.A.might have given B.must have leftC.can have left D.must leave【解析】 根据句意和情态动词表示推测的用法来做出正确选择。根据后半句中的was，可判断是对过去的推测，应用“情态动词havep.p.”的结构和you more help搭配的动词只能是give。【答案】 A例4（2000 NMET） a reply，he decided to write again.A.Not receivingB.Receiving notC.Not having receivedD.Having not received【解析】 本题考查的是现在分词作状语的用法，其否定形式在其前加not，据此排除B、D两项。当分词动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应用现在分词的完成时，即having done的形式。【答案】 C补充:例1（2000 NMET）As we joined the big crowd I got from my friends.A.lost B.sparedC.separated D.missed【解析】 本题考查非谓语动词作表语的用法。spared意为“放过、抽出”，missed意为“错过”，它们意思均不符。lost意为“迷路”，根据后面介词from的搭配，故选C。【答案】 C例2（2001 NMET） such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.SufferingC.To suffer D.Suffered【解析】 根据非谓语动词作状语，主语要与主句主语一致的原则，非谓语动词的逻辑主语应为it。又Suffer为不及物动词，故排除C、D两项，又据suffer与主句谓语动词的先后关系即suffer发生在be late之前，故选A。【答案】 A反馈练习选择填空1.All the boys on the stage come from our school.A.performing B.performedC.to be performed D.being performed【解析】 本句意思为:所有正在舞台上表演的孩子都来自我们学校。本题考查v.-ing形式作定语的用法。perform与逻辑主语the students是主谓关系，故选A。【答案】 A2.The slaves here from Africa loved their music.A.came B.takenC.brought D.fetched【解析】 从题干可看出，句中缺少的不是谓语，而是定语，可先排除A，又因为take，bring，fetch具有方向性，take:带走，bring:带来，fetch:去取，根据句意:被从非洲带来的奴隶喜爱他们的音乐。故选C。【答案】 C3.He regretted the days he studied.A.wasting；when；could haveB.to waste；which；should haveC.having wasted；when；should haveD.having wasted；which；could have【解析】 本题考查三个方面的知识:非谓语动词、虚拟语气及状语从句。regret之后接名词及动名词可排除B选项。从题干来看，第二个空应选状语从句，故排除D，又根据句意:我很后悔自己浪费了那些本该学习的日子。根据情态动词本身所具备的含义，故选C。【答案】 C4.He was walking in the street in the darkness when he heard someone out a scream.A.let；frightening B.let；frightenedC.to let；frightening D.to let；frightened【解析】 第一个空很容易就可排除C、D两项，第二个空中主要区别现在分词与过去分词作定语。a frightening scream意为“令人恐惧的叫声”，而frightened scream意为“因恐惧发出的叫声”。本句主要强调“发出尖叫声的人处于一种恐惧的状态”。故选B。【答案】 B5.My father comes home before dinner every day， there is something important to do in his office.A.when B.as C.unless D.until【解析】 本句意为“我父亲每天都吃饭前赶到家，除非在办公室有重要的事情要做”。本从句应为条件状语。【答案】 C6.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise，she something she would regret later.A.had said B.saidC.might say D.might have said【解析】 根据otherwise和句意，应选择表示对过去的推测，应用含有推测意思的情态动词。即:may/might+have+p.p.的句式。【答案】 D7.There was a terrible noise the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.followingC.to be followed D.being followed【解析】 follow和被修饰的noise之间为主谓关系，因此用现在分词短语。又follow与the sudden burst of light是动宾关系，所以无需用被动，故选B。【答案】 B8.He is slow， he is a good worker.A.otherwise but B.but otherwiseC.and otherwise D.otherwise and【解析】 本题考查otherwise的用法。它有多个意思:另外；在其他方面；要不然、否则。本题考查了第二项。题干的意思是“他比较迟钝，但在其他方面，他是个好工人”。故选B。【答案】 B9.My friend Bob sells his own programmes to doctors their patients records on disk.A.wanting to put B.wanting puttingC.to want to put D.to want putting【解析】 本句中考查非谓语动词作定语来限定名词doctors。因不定式作定语表示将来，故排除C、D，那么用现在分词短语作定语，相当于一个定语从句。另外want的意思应为“想要”，故其后加不定式。【答案】 A10. time is forever.A.Lost；losing B.Lost；lostC.Losing；losing D.Losing；lost【解析】 本句意为“失去的时间就永远失去了”。lost为形容词表示“失去的”“丢失的”“丧失的”。【答案】 B11.The sun looks beautiful and the sun in the west looks even more beautiful.A.risen；set B.raising；settingC.rising；setting D.rises；sets【解析】 两个现在分词表示“初升的太阳”和“落日”。【答案】 C12.In that case，there is nothing you can do than wait.A.more B.other C.better D.any【解析】 本题考查几个词组:more than多于、不仅仅；other than意为“非、除了”；better than“比更好”。根据句意，可选B。【答案】 B13.I came home very late last night， ，early this morning.A.at latest B.on the wholeC.in a word D.or rather【解析】 本句意为:我昨天晚上回来很晚，更确切地说是今天早上。or rather意为“更确切地”。【答案】 D14. hearing the good news，they jumped with joy.A.For B.To C.On D.At【解析】 本题考查介词on的用法，意为“在时；在之后”，强调这一动作一发生，另一动作立即发生，相当于as soon as。on的这种用法除其后接-ing形式以外，还可接名词。如:On his return from Beijing，he went to see his former teacher.【答案】 C15.Jimmy to America，I saw him in the office just now.A.cant have goneB.mustnt have goneC.shouldnt have goneD.wouldnt have gone【解析】 本题考查对过去事实的推断，肯定形式应为:must+have+过去分词，否定形式应为:cant+have+过去分词，从后半句中可看出应为否定的推断，故选A。【答案】 A16.There is no doubt someone fire to the house on purpose.A.that；set B.weather；setC.if；put D.that；put【解析】 doubt的疑问和否定形式之后用that；而肯定形式之后需用weather或if；又set fire to为固定词组“放火”，故选A。【答案】 A17.He has read lots of books， that he is young.A.considering B.consideredC.being considered D.to consider【解析】 considering此处为介词，意为“鉴于”，其后可接名词或that从句。再如:He is active，considering his age.He did very well in his exam，considering that he had studied so little.另外given也有此用法。【答案】 A18.The woman in a shop was sent to the police station.A.who caught stealingB.to be caught stealingC.caught to stealD.caught stealing【解析】 本句意为被抓住正在偷东西的那位妇女被送到警察局。【答案】 D综合提升A.完形填空The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. 1 these wide modern roads are generally 2 and well maintained（养护），with 3 sharp curves（弯道）and many straight 4 ，a direct route is not always the most 5 one.Large highways often pass 6 scenic areas and interesting small towns.Furthermore，these highways generally 7 large urban centers which means that they become crowded with 8 traffic during rush hours， 9 the “fast，direct” way becomes a very slow route.However，there is 10 always another route to take 11 you arent in a hurry.Not far from the 12 new “superhighways”，there are often older， 13 heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. 14 of these are good two lane roads；others are uneven roads 15 through the country.These secondary routes may go up steep slopes（陡峭的斜坡），along hilly 16 or down frightening hillsides to towns 17 in deep valleys.Though there are less direct routes，longer and slower，the generally go to places 18 the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful，and the driver may have a 19 to get a fresh，clean 20 of the world.1.A.Although B.SinceC.Because D.Therefore【解析】 从后文知，这里是转折关系，故选A。【答案】 A2.A.wrong B.splendidC.smooth D.complicated【解析】 “wrong”是“错误的”，“splendid”是“极好的”，“smooth”是“平滑的”，“complicated”是“复杂的”，显然C正确。【答案】 C3.A.little B.fewC.much D.many【解析】 C、D两项显然不对，而“little”用于修饰不可数名词，故选B。【答案】 B4.A.selections B.separationsC.series D.section【解析】 sections 地段，而A、B、C三项显然意思不符。【答案】 D5.A.terrible B.possibleC.enjoyable D.probable【解析】 “terrible”是“可怕的”，“possible”是“可能的”，“enjoyable”是“令人满意的”，“probable”是“可能的”，C符合文意。【答案】 C6.A.to B.into C.over D.by【解析】 “pass by”是“穿过”。【答案】 D7.A.lead B.connectC.collect D.communicate【解析】 “lead”是“引导”，“connect”是“连接”，“collect”是“收集”，“communicate”是“通讯”，B符合文意。【答案】 B8.A.large B.fastC.light D.heavy【解析】 表达交通繁忙一般用“heavy”。【答案】 D9.A.when B.for C.but D.that【解析】 “when”引导一个定语从句，代指“rush hours”。【答案】 A10.A.yet B.still C.almost D.quite【解析】 “yet”和“still”都是“仍然”，“quite”是“非常”，“almost”是“几乎”，只有almost符合句意。【答案】 C11.A.unless B.if C.as D.since【解析】 这里是假设关系，故用if。【答案】 B12.A.relatively B.regularlyC.separately D.reasonably【解析】 “relatively”是“相当地”，而B、C、D三项意义不符。【答案】 A13.A.and B.less C.more D.or【解析】 这里和“highways”相比，不是很繁忙，故用less。【答案】 B14.A.All B.SeveralC.Lots D.Some【解析】 下文有others，故这里用some。【答案】 D15.A.driving B.crossingC.curving D.traveling【解析】 既然是“uneven roads”，当然是“curving”，故选C。【答案】 C16.A.rocks B.cliffsC.roads D.paths【解析】 形容词“hilly”是“多山的”，其中心词只能用“cliffs”最合适。【答案】 B17.A.lying B.layingC.laid D.lied【解析】 C、D显然不对，而laying是“下蛋，铺设”；lying是“位于”的意思，故选A。【答案】 A18.A.there B.when C.which D.where【解析】 “where”引导定语从句，先行词是“places”。【答案】 D19.A.space B.periodC.chance D.spot【解析】 “space”是“空间”，“period”是“时期”，“chance”是“机会”，“spot”是“地点”，显然，chance符合句意。【答案】 C20.A.view B.varietyC.visit D.happiness【解析】 “view”是“景色”，而B、C、D三项意义不符。【答案】 AB.阅读理解Sabine Island，near Greenland，was first discovered by the British geographer Sir Edward Sabine in 1823，but an 1869 map showed it was actually a quarter of a mile farther west than its discoverer had mapped.This interested Alfred Wegener，a young geographer working in Greenland in 1910.He thought the error（误差）too great to be explained.Wegener himself took measurements and found that since 1869 the island had moved another five-eighths of a mile.After checking the position of other Arctic land-masses，he concluded that all of them were drifting（漂移）westward at different speeds.From this finding，Wegener developed his floating continent theory.He imagined an original super-continent making up the infant（未成年的）earth，finally the mass broke up into several piecesthe present continents.The continents do seem to fit together like piec