现在完成时讲解与练习.ppt

现在完成时,现在完成时的含义/功能,表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响； 表示到目前为止已经完成的事情； 动作发生在过去，一直延续到现在，还有可能延续到将来； 例如： I have finished my homework. （我做完我的家庭作业了。） He has already come. （他已经来了。） I have lived in China since I was born. （我从出生的时候就一直住在中国。）,现在完成时的结构,肯定形式：主语+have/has+过去分词 否定形式：主语+have/has+not+过去分词 一般疑问句：Have/has+主语+过去分词 肯定回答：Yes， 主语+have/has 否定回答：No，主语+have/has not 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句+have/has+主语+过去分词 例如： Have you ever been to the US.?（你去过美国吗？） Yes, I have.（是的，我去过。） No, I havent.（不，我没去过。）,现在完成时的标志词,already 已经 just 刚刚 yet 还没有 用于否定句中 ever 曾经 recently 最近 for+时间段 since+时间点 例如: I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet. Mr. Smith has stayed here for three months.,用于肯定句中，放在have/has之后,动作或状态从过去一直持续到现在,现在完成时的时间状语,现在完成时的时间状语有：now, today, tonight, just, this week/year/month, already, yet, recently, for+时间段，since+过去的时间点， etc. 对现在完成时的时间状语提问用how long. 例如： I have had a dog now.（我现在有一条狗了。） We have learned about 3000 English words by the end of this term.（到上学期末我们已经学了3000个单词。） I havent heared from him recently.（最近我没收到他的来信。） How long have you stayed in China?,关于现在完成时的一些区分,have been to 去过某地（已回来,常和once,twice,never等连用） have gone to 去了某地（还未回来） have been in 已经在某地，常与一段时间连用） 例如：（比较） They have been in Chicago They have been to Chicago They have gone to Chicago have/has got形式上是现在完成时，但是含义与have/has相同。 例如： Have you got a pen-friend?,关于现在完成时的一些区分,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 例如： I have just finshed my homework. I just finished my homework.,需要注意的两点,现在完成时句中，有表示一段时间的时间状语时，必须使用延续性动词 例如：I have arrived here. I have been here for two hours. 在以下句型中，短暂性动词要转换成延续性动词： 完成时态的肯定句 句中有for或since引导的，或其他种类的表示一段时间的时间状语,1. 实义动词转化成实义动词,非延续性动词转换成延续性动词的方法,2. 转化成be+形容词/介词,非延续性动词转换成延续性动词的方法,3. 转化成be+名词（词组）,非延续性动词转换成延续性动词的方法,练习（一）单选,1. Tom_the CD player for two weeks. . has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 2. -Have you ever_Beijing to see the Forbidden City? -Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to 3. I wont go to the concert because I _my ticket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have lost D. is coming,练习（一）单选,6. How long have you _ this book？Abought Bborrowed Chad Dlent 7. Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice Ahave been Bhas been Chave gone Dhas gone 8. His grandpa _ for two years Awas died Bhas been dead Cwas dead Dhas died,练习（二）用所给词的适当形式填空,1. I_ already _(see) the film. I_(see) it last week. 2._he_(finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. _you_(be) to Hong Kong? Yes, I_(be) there twice.,4. Wheres Li Ming? He_(go) to the teachers office. 5.So far I_(make) quite a few friends here. 6. How long_ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.,练习（二）用所给词的适当形式填空,练习（三）句型转换 (每空一词),1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句) I_ _been to Macau before. 2. He hasnt come to school because hes ill. (就划线部分提问) _ _ _he come to school? 3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问) _ _ _ _learned English?,练习（三）句型转换 (每空一词),4. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改写) I_ just _a new bike. 5. We began to learn English three years ago. (改为同义句) We_ English _three years.,练习（四）用for 或since填空,1. Jill has been in Ireland_Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland_three days. 3. My aunt has lived in Australia_15 days. 4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there_7 oclock.,练习（四）用for 或since填空,5. India has been an independent country_1974. 6. The bus is l