《化合物命名》PPT课件.ppt

化合物构词,华东理工大学化工学院,常见无机化合物名称,一、元素 fluorine chlorine bromine iodine oxygen hydrogen nitrogen carbon silicon sulfur phosphorus sodium potassium calcium magnesium aluminum manganese zinc iron copper lead cobalt nickel mercury cadmium arsenic uranium radium,二、二元化合物 词尾 ide 化物 chlorine chloride hydrogen chloride oxygen oxide zinc oxide fluorine fluoride hydrogen fluoride sulfur sulfide sodium sulfide iodine iodide potassium iodide 三、无氧酸（水溶液呈酸性的二元化合物） hydrochloric acid hydrofluoric acid hydrobromic acid,四、含氧酸及其盐 nitrogen nitric acid nitrate sulfur sulfuric acid sulfate phosphorus phosphoric acid phosphate Chlorine chloric acid chlorate 词尾：(o)ic acid 酸 ate 由词尾为ic的酸所成的盐类或酯类 ide 化物 五、氢氧化物 sodium hydroxide aluminum hydroxide,Practice,Put the followings into Chinese: chromium platinum titanium sodium calcium potassium aluminum mercury palladium lead copper fluorine silicon chlorine sulfur phosphorus cobalt nitrogen ammonium chloride silver nitrate hydrochloric acid magnesium hydroxide calcium carbide hydrogen peroxide carbon dioxide phosphorus pentoxide sodium hydroxide sodium carbonate nitric acid sulfuric acid,常用数目词头,1 mono- 11 undaca- 21 henicosa- 2 di- 12 dodeca- 22 docosa- 3 tri- 13 trideca- 23 tricosa- 4 tetra- 14 tetradeca- 30 triconta- 5 penta- 15 petadeca- 31 hentriaconta- 6 hexa- 16 hexadeca- 40 tetraconta- 7 hepta- 17 heptadeca- 50 petaconta- 8 octa- 18 octadeca- 60 hexaconta- 9 nona- 19 nonadeca- 70 heptaconta- 10 deca- 20 eicosa- 100 hecta-,有机化合物构词,一、分类名称及其词尾 alkanes -ane methane alkenes -ene ethylene alkynes -yne propyne benzenes -benzene methylbenzene alcohols -ol butanol ethers -ether dimethyl ether aldehydes -al methanal ketones -one propanone acids -(o)ic acid ethanoic acid eaters -ate methyl ethanoate anhydrides -ic anhydride maleic anhydride amines -amine ethanolamine,二、有机基团 alkyl 烷基 aryl 芳基 hydroxyl 羟基 carboxyl 羧基 carbonyl 羰基 vinyl 乙烯基 acetyl 乙酰基 phenyl 苯基 amino 氨基 sulfo 磺基 nitro 硝基 chloro 氯代 fluoro 氟代 thio 硫代 -yl 基,链烃名称 alkane alkene alkyne,methyl methane ethyl ethane ethene ethyne propyl propane propene propyne butyl butane butene butyne pentyl pentane pentene hexyl hexane hexene heptyl heptane octyl octane nonyl nonane decyl decane dodecyl,IUPAC Name and Common Name,IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry 国际理论与应用化学联合会 Despite the existence of the IUPAC system, a great many well-established common or trivial names are used and, because of their brevity and convenience, will doubtless continue to be used.,IUPAC Name Common Name,alkane paraffin cycloalkane cycloparaffin cycloalkane naphthene alkene olefin alkyne acetylene ethene ethylene propene propylene methylbenzene toluene dimethylbenzene xylene phenylethene styrene,IUPAC Name Common Name,methanol methyl alcohol ethanol ethyl alcohol 2-methyl-1-propanol isobutyl alcohol methanal formaldehyde ethanal acetaldehyde propanone acetone methanoic acid formic acid ethanoic acid acetic acid octadecanoic acid stearic acid amino ethane ethylamine,其它常用构词,n- 正构的 n-butane iso- 异，同 iso-butane cycl(o)- 环（合） cyclohexane o-，or