2020版高考英语复习课时作业（十四）（含解析）北师大版必修5.docx

课时作业(十四)课时练(一)阅读理解提速练练速度(限时：35分钟)阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A2019江西各校检测The UK has a whole host of things to do for free or at a low price and there are a number of websites devoted to bringing you the best. Take a look at our guide to some of our favorite UK cities.LondonIf you live in or near London and have access to the Internet, youll discover many choices of free entertainment. The Londonist is an amusing website that offers daily and weekly breakdowns of the free and cheap events in the city. Categories include art, comedy, music, food and drink, theater, festivals and talks. Head over to londonist. com for the latest schedule of affordable entertainment. Time Outs website (timeout. com/london) also has lots of information about free fun in the lively capital.Find out why the 60s really cemented (巩固) London as the counterculture capital of the UK in our shop.ManchesterManchester is probably one of the top creative centers of England (if not the UK). If you need any further convincing then head over to Creative Tourist where you can find bags of daytime and nighttime entertainment thats easy_on_the_pocket. While youre there you can also check out Liverpool and Sheffield.Manchester is a historical city, which has shaped life in Britain. Take a look in our shop.GlasgowIf Manchester is the creative center of England then Glasgow has to be the creative center of Scotland. You can visit Scotlands Center for Design and Architecture at The Lighthouse, or go over to the Gallery of Modern Art, and then theres the wonderful and strange Hunterian Museum. For the lowdown on the best free of Glasgow, take a look at VisitScotland.For a look at Glasgows picturesque qualities click here.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一些关于英国著名城市的网站。1What does the underlined phrase “easy on the pocket” mean?AAvailable.BFavorable.CAffordable. DReasonable.答案与解析：C考查词义猜测。根据文章第一段第一句可知，该篇文章的主要内容就是介绍一些关于英国城市中免费的或较为便宜的娱乐项目的网站，由此可推知，easy on the pocket应该是“易于负担的费用”的意思，affordable“花费得起的，担负得起的”符合语境。available“可获得的”；favorable“赞许的；有利的”；reasonable“合情理的；有道理的”。2Which website can you visit if you are interested in architecture?ALondonist. BCreative Tourist.CTime Out. DVisitScotland.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据Glasgow部分中的“You can visit Scotlands Center for Design and Architecture. take a look at VisitScotland”可知，答案为D。3Where can you probably find the passage?AIn a geography book. BIn a fashion magazine.CIn a tourist brochure. DOn the Internet.答案与解析：D考查文章出处。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一些关于英国著名城市的网站以及这些网站中的一些项目的信息，根据文章内容及文章最后一句中的“click here”可知，这篇文章可以在网上看到，故答案为D。B2019济宁一模I was really nervous about English class this year because I was an eleventh grader taking a twelfth grade class. I knew that I wouldnt know anyone in the class, and that scared me a little. But since I didnt know anyone, I had the chance to do something I love almost as much as socializing people watching. One of the most interesting girls in the class sat directly behind me. She was always laughing and talking, and she just seemed so happy. She was friendly, too she was one of the very few people in the class who made any attempt to acknowledge me. At the end of the year, we were assigned a big project. It was a very openended project, where the instructions were basically to read something, then read or watch something else that related to it, and then come up with a class presentation based on what you learned. The presentations were spread out over the last month of school. The girl behind me presented on one of the very last days. She got up in front of the class, and told how she had read about eating disorders, because she herself had struggled with one. Since it would have been too difficult for her to talk to us about it directly, she and a friend (who had also suffered from an eating disorder) had made a movie, where they interviewed each other about their eating disorders, how they had felt while they were struggling with them, and how they had overcome them. By the end of the presentation, almost everyone was in tears. The most shocking thing about the whole presentation was how surprising it was. I never expected that she would have had a problem like that. She always seemed so happy and confident; it was hard to picture her counting calories because she thought she wasnt good enough. You also never know what kind of impact you have had on peoples lives. The courage of the girl behind me to talk about something so personal, and her strength to ask for help and overcome her problems have inspired me.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要讲述了作者班上的一个乐观自信又友好的女孩把自己曾经患有进食障碍并努力克服了障碍的故事告诉了大家，这激励了作者。4What can we learn from Paragraph 1?AThe writer was a twelfthgrader.BThe writer liked observing people.CEnglish was the writers weak subject.DThe writer had a few friends in the class.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“But since I didnt know anyone, I had the chance to do something I love almost as much as socializing people watching.”可知，作者喜欢观察人。故选B。5How did the writer find the girl friendly?AShe sat directly behind the writer.BShe attempted to disturb the writer.CShe was always laughing and talking.DShe said hello to the writer in some way.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。由第二段中的“She was friendly, too she was one of the very few people in the class who made any attempt to acknowledge me.”可推知，那个女孩从某种程度上和作者打了招呼，所以作者感觉到女孩是友好的。故选D。6What is the 4th paragraph mainly about?AThe girls presentation. BEating disorders.CA successful interview. DA moving movie.答案与解析：A考查段落大意。通读第四段可知，本段主要叙述了在学期最后一个月开展的展示课中，这个女孩展示的内容：女孩通过制作电影的方式告诉大家她是怎样与进食障碍奋力斗争的，女孩的故事几乎感动了每个人。由此可知，第四段讲的是女孩在课上的展示。故选A。7What did the writer finally realize?AThe girl wasnt good enough.BThe girl was always happy and confident.CIt takes long to really know a person.DIt is easy to overcome ones problems.答案与解析：C考查推理判断。由倒数第二段中的“I never expected that she would have had a problem like that.”可知，作者没有想到她会有进食障碍。由此可推断，作者最终意识到的应是“真正认识一个人要花费很长的时间”。故选C。C2019南昌市模拟 On February 6, SpaceX, a private US aerospace company owned by Elon Musk, has successfully launched its new Falcon Heavy spacecraft, making it the worlds most powerful rocket. Falcon Heavy is the largest rocket since the retirement of NASAs Saturn V，which was used for the Moon missions in the 1970s. “Falcon Heavy can launch about 64 tonnes into low Earth orbit thats almost three times more than the current running biggest launch vehicle, Delta IV Heavy，” Imperial College London astrophysicist David Clements told A1 Jazeera. According to SpaceX, Falcon Heavy can lift into orbit a mass greater than a 737 jet loaded with passengers, crew, luggage and fuel. The rocket was designed with the idea of carrying humans into space and opening the possibility of flying missions with people to the Moon and even Mars. For its first voyage, it carried Musks $100, 000 cherryred Tesla sports car and a fake spacesuited human model fixed in the drivers seat. Musk joked that “it may be discovered by some future alien race” Falcon Heavy went into space on its test flight on February 6. The launch took place at NASAs Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center in the US state of Florida, the spot also used for the Apollo 11 Moon mission and several space shuttle launches. It was delayed by several hours because of high winds in the upper atmosphere. Minutes after takeoff, the two outer boosters (助推器) landed at the nearby Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. SpaceX announced plans to eventually use Falcon Heavy to launch two paying space tourists on a trip around the Moon. However, Musk said he will probably reserve that mission for another launch system, the BFR. Recently, SpaceX planned to launch a Falcon 9 rocket for NASAs TESS mission on March 20, 2018. It is reported that SpaceX planned to complete 30 independent launch missions in 2018, at least half of which will use Falcon 9.【语篇解读】2月6日，SpaceX公司的宇宙飞船Falcon Heavy成功发射，它是当前最大的运载火箭。【长难句分析】Falcon Heavy is the largest rocket since the retirement of NASAs Saturn V，which was used for the Moon missions in the 1970s.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中which was used for the Moon mission in the 1970s为which引导的非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指代先行词NASAs Saturn V。译文：Falcon Heavy是20世纪70年代用于月球任务的美国航空航天局的Saturn V退役以来最大的运载火箭。8Which of the following can function as a rocket?AA 737 jet. BTesla.CSaturn V. DSpaceX.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“Falcon Heavy is the largest rocket since the retirement of NASAs Saturn V, which was used for the Moon missions in the 1970s”可知，自20世纪70年代用于月球任务的美国航空航天局的Saturn V退役以来，Falcon Heavy是当前最大的运载火箭。据此可知，美国航空航天局的Saturn V是运载火箭，故C项正确。9What do we know about Falcon Heavy from the text?AIt is the largest rocket in the world.BIt is of the same load as a 737 jet.CIt is to be found by the creatures in the outer space.DIt was launched at the same place for the Apollo 11 mission.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第四段第二句“The launch took place at NASAs Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center in the US state of Florida, the spot also used for the Apollo 11 Moon mission and several space shuttle launches”可知，发射地是在美国航空航天局的Cape Canaveral Air Force Station和美国佛罗里达州Kennedy Space Center，该地也用于阿波罗11号登月任务和几个航天飞机的发射。故D项正确。10What delayed the launch of Falcon Heavy?AWeather conditions. BProgram error.CEquipment failure. DDeliberate damage.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第四段第三句“It was delayed by several hours because of high winds in the upper atmosphere”可知，由于高层大气的强风，发射被推迟了几个小时。据此可知，由于气候条件的原因导致发射推迟，故A项正确。11What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThe BFR will be completed in 2018.BThe mission to launch space tourists is unknown.CTourists will be sent into space by Falcon 9.DFalcon 9 will take 15 launch missions.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第五段第一、二句“SpaceX announced plans to eventually use Falcon Heavy to launch two paying space tourists on a trip around the Moon. However, Musk said he will probably reserve that mission for another launch system, the BFR”可知，SpaceX宣布计划最终使用Falcon Heavy搭载两名旅客，围绕月球进行太空旅行。不过Musk表示，这一计划他很可能会保留给另一个发射系统BFR。据此可以判断，围绕月球进行太空旅行还未知，故B项正确。D2019广州综合检测Scientists have solved the mystery of why the overwhelming majority of mammoth fossils (化石) are male.Much like wild elephants today, young male Ice Age mammoths probably travelled around alone and more often got themselves into risky situations where they were swept into rivers, or fell through ice or into mud, lakes or sinkholes that preserved their bones for thousands of years, scientists say.Females, on the other hand, travelled in groups led by an older matriarch who knew the landscape and directed her group away from danger.“Without the benefit of living in a herd led by an experienced female, male mammoths had a much higher risk of dying in natural traps such as mud holes, rock cracks and lakes，” said coauthor Love Daln of the Swedish Museum of Natural History in a report published on Thursday in the journal Current Biology.The study used genetic data to determine the sex of 98 woolly mammoth fossils in Siberia. Researchers found that 69% of the samples were male, a heavily unbalanced sex ratio, assuming that the sexes were fairly even at birth.“We were very surprised because there was no reason to expect a sex bias in the fossil record，” said first author Patricia Pecnerova, also of the Swedish Museum of Naturall History.Therefore, researchers believe that something about the way they lived influenced the way they died.“Most bones, tusks, and teeth from mammoths and other Ice Age animals havent survived，” explained Daln.“It is highly likely that the remains that are found in Siberia these days have been preserved because they have been buried, and thus protected from weathering.”These giant, tusked plant eaters disappeared about 4,000 years ago. While there is no scientific agreement on the causes of their disappearance from the planet, most believe that climate change, excessive hunting by humans and the spread of other animals into mammoth feeding grounds were influential factors.【语篇解读】本篇文章主要介绍了猛犸象化石大多是雄性以及这种生物从地球上最终消失的原因。【难句分析】It is highly likely that the remains that are found in Siberia these days have been preserved because they have been buried, and thus protected from weathering.分析：本句是一个复合句。第一个that引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分，It作形式主语；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the。12The underlined word “matriarch” in Paragraph 3 means _.Afigurehead Bfemale leaderCexperienced animal Dmature mammoth答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Without the benefit of living in a herd led by an experienced female, male mammoths had a much higher risk of dying in natural traps”可推知，matriarch是指有经验的雌性领导，故选B。13Why do the majority of mammoth fossils come from male animals?AScientists find it easier to study male fossilised bones.BThere were more male mammoths in comparison to females.CMale mammoths were better able to adapt to the changing circumstances.DMale mammoths more frequently died in places where fossils could form.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第二段的内容可推知，雄性猛犸象很可能单独出行而非群体活动，因此更容易陷入危险境地而死亡，最后变成化石，故选D。【干扰项分析】文章中并没有提到科学家们发现雄性化石更容易研究，故A项错误；B项与第五段中的“Researchers found that 69% of the samples were male, a heavily unbalanced sex ratio, assuming that the sexes were fairly even at birth”表达的意思不符；文中并未提到雄性猛犸象能够更好地适应变化的环境，故排除C项。14Which of the following is suggested as a reason for mammoths dying out?AThe increasing competition for food.BThe cooling of the earths temperature.CThe disappearance of male mammoths.DThe risky behaviour of younger mammoths.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“While there is no scientific agreement on the causes of their disappearance from the planet, most believe that climate change, excessive hunting hy humans and the spread of other animals into mammoth feeding grounds were influential factors”可知，气候变化、人类的过度猎杀、其他动物侵入聚食场都是猛犸象最终消失的重要因素，故选A。15What is the text type of the passage?AA newspaper article.BAn academic essay.CA historical description.DA science fiction story.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第一段的导入和全文的内容可推知，本文是一篇有关猛犸象化石新研究的新闻报道，故选A。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。2019山东省实验中学一模 The benefits of taking on a summer internship (实习) or an overseas internship program are extensive. Not only will you gain the experience you need to carry out a fulltime position, but your confidence will improve. Youll build up your connections, and you may even land yourself a job if you are really impressive. However, simply showing your face every day is not enough. _1_ Record your experience throughout. You should take the time to record your experience while interning. _2_ The choice is yours. This is important for selfreflection and progression. It can also serve as a collection of your work experience for potential employers._3_ Youre not going to become a master in your field overnight, and a lot of interns make the mistake of trying to develop as many skills as possible. Instead, focus on one or two key ones and perfect them. Ask for a reference letter. You should always seek a reference letter from your internship placement. Youll be able to use it when you apply for a job in the future. _4_Have a positive attitude. It is normal to feel nervous or even a little bit shy during your first internship. After all, youre taking a step into the unknown. _5_ You should be enthusiastic and willing to take on any task that is thrown your way, no matter how dull it may seem.ABut it is important to be optimistic.BChoose 12 skills you want to develop the most.CYou could either keep a diary or write regular blog posts.DBesides, itll prove you are a good candidate for the position.EYoull meet key individuals that can potentially help your career.FInstead, learn to be professional and stay focused on what you want to do.GYou need to ensure you make the most of your internship if youre to experience the benefits.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了充分利用实习的好处。1答案与解析：G根据上文以及空格前的“However, simply showing your face every day is not enough.”可推知，此处表示如果想体验这些好处，你需要确保自己充分利用实习的机会。故选G。2答案与解析：C根据空格前的“You should take the time to record your experience while interning.”以及空格后的“The choice is yours.”可推知，此处表示你可以记日记或定期写微博，来记录自己的实习经历。故选C。3答案与解析：B空格处为本段的主旨句。根据本段第二句“Instead, focus on one or two key ones and perfect them.”可知，集中精力于一两个关键问题，并完善它们。由此可推知，此处表示选择你最想发挥的一到两个技能。故选B。4答案与解析：D根据空格前的“Youll be able to use it when you apply for a job in the future.”可推知，此处介绍了推荐信的好处及用途。D项“除此之外，它还会证明你是这个职位的优秀人选”也是推荐信的用途之一，符合语境。故选D。5答案与解析：A根据本段主旨句和空格后的“You should be enthusiastic and willing to take on any task that is thrown your way, no matter how dull it may seem.”可推知，乐观很重要。故选A。课时练(二)英语知识运用板块练练准度(限时：30分钟)英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分 )阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。2019甘肃省重点中学联考From an early age, Parker always said that he would be an astronaut when he grew up. But no matter how much he studied and took tests, he was never _1_ to fly in space. _2_， he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests. In other words, he would never be able to fulfill his _3_.Thinking about all the time and _4_ Parker had put into trying to be an astronaut, people felt _5_ for him. Despite what he was told about having to _6_ his ambition, Parker continued training and studying, _7_ he was going to have the tests the next month.He _8_ as he got older, and when he was a very old man he heard that they were doing some very important _9_ experiments. For those experiments they needed a very _10_ astronaut. Parker, who walked with a _11_， was the only old man in the whole world who was _12_ to fly in a rocket. Therefor