2018_2019学年高中英语Unit24SocietySectionⅣLanguageAwareness9.docx

Section Language Awareness 9 & Culture Corner.根据词性及汉语意思写出单词1opportunity n机会2milestone n. 里程碑，重大事件3represent v. 代表，象征4afford v. 买得起，支付得起5undergo v. 遭受，历经(困难、变故等)6ensure v. 担保，保证7civilization n文明civilize v使文明civilized adj.文明的，开化的8occur v发生occurrence n发生；事件9pollution n污染pollute v污染.用所给词的适当形式填空1The investor has invested his life savings in public transport. (invest)2Now is a time of rapid and revolutionary change, and a revolution in information technology is taking place in our country. (revolution).补全短语1for the first time首次，第一次2add . to . 把加入3contribute . to . 把捐献给4to start with 首先，第一5be based on 基于6used to do sth. 过去常常做某事7in search of 搜寻，寻找8lead to 导致；通向9transform . into . 把转变成10close down (工厂等)倒闭，关闭1An ageing society is one in which the population of people over the age of 60 is increasing.老龄化社会是指60岁以上的人口数量持续增长的社会。句式分析表语one后接in which引导的定语从句。佳句赏析这份工作是许多人想得到的。The job is one that many people want to get.2There used to be factories which produced heavy smoke, gases and waste water.这里过去有一些排出浓烟、气体和废水的工厂。句式分析used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”。There used to be .表示“过去经常有”。佳句赏析在我们镇，过去只有一所学校。There used to be only one school in our town.3When passing the river, we had to cover our noses .当路过河边时，我们不得不捂住鼻子句式分析When passing .为状语从句的省略形式，其完整结构为：When we were passing the river .。佳句赏析(20176月浙江高考满分作文)按计划，我们将于七点钟在学校大门口乘公交车出发。As planned, we will leave by bus at 7：00 am at the school gate.考点1contribute v促成，造成；对起作用；捐助，捐献；投稿教材原句Measures to slow population growth like Chinas onechild policy, have also contributed to lowered birthrates.像中国实行的只要一个孩子的减缓人口增长的措施对降低出生率也起到了作用。 The Rio 2016 Olympic Games contributed to the development of Brazils economy.2016年里约奥运会促进了巴西经济的发展。(1)contribute to导致；有助于contribute . to 把捐赠给；向投稿(2)contribution n. 贡献make a contribution (to/towards) (对)作贡献；(为)贡献Bill Gates contributed more than 90 percent of his money to the charity.比尔盖茨把他百分之九十以上的钱都捐献给了慈善事业。She has made great contributions (contribute) to the cause of education.她为教育事业作出了巨大贡献。名师点津(1)contribute to中的to为介词；(2)除contribute to 外表示“导致”的短语还有：result in, lead to等。1句型转换Carelessness led to his failure.Carelessness resulted in his failure.Carelessness contributed to his failure.2完成句子他向慈善机构捐了很多钱。He contributed a lot of money to the charity.每个人都应当为保护环境作贡献。Everyone should make contributions to protecting the environment.吃得过多加上缺乏体育锻炼容易导致肥胖和高血压。Overeating and lack of regular exercise easily contribute to overweight and high blood pressure.考点2to start with 首先，第一；起初，开始时教材原句To start with, Athens could afford it.首先，雅典有这个能力承担。I felt nervous to start with, but soon began to relax.起初我觉得紧张，但很快就开始放轻松了。to begin with to start with首先，第一；起初，开始时begin (.) with . start (.) with .以开始()end (.) with . (以)结束Knowledge begins/starts with practice.知识来源于实践。The story ended with the heros death.故事以主角的死亡为结局。名师点津to start/begin with既可作插入语，意为“首先，第一”，亦可作时间状语，意为“起初，开始”。1完成句子首先，我们应该收集资金。To begin/start with, we should raise funds.起初我不知道他真的愿意帮助我们。I didnt know to begin/start with he would really help us.2翻译句子他经常以一些问题开始他的课。He often begins/starts his lessons with some questions.我们以一支歌结束了那次聚会。We ended the party with a song.考点3based on 以为基础教材原句Like the ancient Greeks, these artists tried to create an ideal form of beauty based on nature.像古希腊人一样，这些艺术家努力创造一种理想的基于自然美的形式。This is a conclusion based on scientific data.这个结论是依据科学的数据得出的。(1)base vt.以为基础；把基地设在base . on/upon .以为基础，把建立 在的基础之上be based on 以为基础base . in . 以为据点；把总部设在(2)base n. 根基，基础；根据地They often base their estimate on/upon the figures for the last three years.他们经常以过去三年的数字为基础进行估算。The film is based on a novel by Sinclair Lewis.该影片是根据辛克莱刘易斯的小说改编的。名师点津 based on .是过去分词短语，在句中可作定语、状语或表语。1单句语法填空What are you basing this theory on/upon?Many of Fortune 500 companies are based in Hong Kong.Based (base) on real stories, the film is very moving.2完成句子理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.他们决定将新公司的总部设在纽约。They decided to base the new company in New York.不要把你的幸福建立在别人的痛苦之上。Dont base your happiness on others suffering.考点4occur vi.产生；浮现教材原句The Renaissance occurred in Florence because of the citys long tradition of cultural achievement .文艺复兴运动之所以发生在佛罗伦萨，是因为这个城市有着悠久的文化积淀They say that the traffic accident occurred at midnight.他们说那起交通事故是在午夜发生的。occur to sb.(想法、念头等)想起，浮现It occurs to sb. that ./to do的念头浮现于(某人)脑海It didnt occur to her to ask for help.她没想到请别人帮忙。It occurred to me我突然想去欧洲旅游。名师点津occur作谓语动词时，不用“人”作主语，而且无被动语态。1单句改错The idea was occurred to him in a dream.去掉wasIt occurred for me that I would chat with you.forto2完成句子I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred (这时事故发生了)An excellent idea occurred to me (我突然想到一个很棒的主意) when I woke up this morning.考点5used to do . 过去经常做教材原句There used to be factories which produced heavy smoke, gases and waste water.这里过去有一些排出浓烟、气体和废水的工厂。I used to get up at six oclock.我过去经常六点钟起床。It used to be said .过去人们常说There used to be . 过去曾经有/过去曾存在There used to be a pool in front of your house, didnt/usednt there?过去你家的前面有一个池塘，对吗？辨析比较短语含义toused to do过去常常做不定式符号be used to do被用来做不定式符号be/get used to doing习惯于做介词1单句语法填空It used to be said (say) that when a star fell from the sky, a person on earth would die.The general said all means will be used to end (end) the protest.We used to use (use) this computer, but now it doesnt work.Now, he has been used to working (work) in this circumstance.2完成句子过去每九年或十年我们面临一次雨水短缺。We used to be in short of rain every nine or ten years.我习惯于处理此类问题。Im used to dealing with matters of this sort.考点6afford vt.(有足够的金钱、时间)做；买得起；付得出；提供，给予经典例句Id love to go on holiday, but I cant afford the time.我很想去度假，可抽不出时间来。cant afford to do sth. 负担不起做某事的费用或代价afford sb. sth. afford sth. to sb.给予某人某物We cant afford to spend a holiday abroad this summer.今年夏天我们负担不起到国外度假的费用。We cant afford to give you aroundtheclock protection.我们没有能力给你提供24小时的保护。It will afford me great pleasure to have dinner with you.与你共餐将是我的一大乐事。名师点津afford常与can, could或be able to连用，多用于否定句或疑问句。完成句子我只买得起最便宜的那一个。I can only afford the cheapest one.情况不容许我们再等待了。In such circumstances we cant afford to wait any longer.这项计划给年轻人提供了获得工作经验的机会。The programme affords young people the chance/affords the chance to young people to gain work experience.1An ageing society is one in which the population of people over the age of 60 is increasing.老龄化社会是指60岁以上的人口数量持续增长的社会。本句为复合句；表语one后接in which引导的定语从句。(1)one在句中作表语，起替代作用，以避免重复。若替代的名词为复数，则用复数形式的替代词ones。(2)当句中的名词为单数可数名词，并且名词前是不定冠词时，用one代替该单数可数名词。A promising student is always one who has great ambition and studies hard.有前途的学生总是有远大理想并且学习努力。辨析比较one替代上文中提到的同类可数名词单数，泛指名词，可有前置定语、后置定语或不带定语that替代上文中提到的不可数名词或抽象名词，表示特指时，that必须有后置定语it指上文提到的同一事物，不需要任何修饰成分There is no more than one bike of this type left in the store. Would you like to buy it?商店里这种型号的自行车只有一辆了。你想买吗？名师点津the one不与表示类属的of结构一起使用，此时应改为that；同样地，the ones改为those。There are many causes of the accident the first is that of their carelessness.这起事故有多个原因，首要原因是他们的粗心。The days in summer are longer than those in winter.夏天的白天比冬天的白天要长。1. 选词填空： one, it, thatIts colour is blue; I want a red one.The book is better than that on the shelf. He bought a book and lent it to me. 2完成句子The weather here is cold and I dont like it (我不喜欢)I lost my old camera; this is a new one (这是一部新的)2When passing the river, we had to cover our noses .当路过河边时，我们不得不捂住鼻子(1)When passing .为状语从句的省略，补充完整为：When we were passing the river .When (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called from behind.当我一个人在街上走的时候，我听见有人在后边叫我的名字。(2)状语从句中的省略现象：当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且谓语是be形容词/介词短语/分词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和谓语动词be。Work hard when (you are) young, or