vitamin - biomedstueducn.ppt

Chapter 3. vitamin,Lipid-soluble vitamin Water- soluble vitamin,试述维生素A缺乏时，为什么会患夜盲症？,论述题 （查资料课外完成）,introduction,Vitamins are organic nutrients that are required in small quantities for a variety of biochemical functions and which, generally, cannot be synthesized by the body and must therefore be supplied by the diet.,Lipid-soluble vitamin Water-soluble vitamin,vitamin,Section 1. lipid-soluble vitamin,Vitamin A, D, E and K are soluble in lipids, not in water. They lay with lipids in food and therefore absorbed together with lipids by body.,. Vitamin A,Vitamin A1, retinol, 视黄醇 Vitamin A2, dehydroretinol, 脱氢视黄醇,Function: keep epithelial tissue healthy. Maintaining orthopsia(正常视觉).,Source: carotin 胡萝卜素 (7.7mg/100g),Deficiency diseases: night-blindness 夜盲症,Vitamin D,Among them, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is the biological most active.,Function: Promote absorbing of calcium and phosphonium into intestine, adjust calcium and phosphorus metabolism, be helpful of ossature(骨骼)calcifying and tooth forming.,Deficiency deseases: rachitis(佝偻病 )osteomalacia(软骨病),Source: fish-liver oil，yolk蛋黄，milk,Vitamin E tocopherol生育酚. 8 compounds had been found. The four: ， and are physiological active.,Functions: Maintaining animal procreating ability, anti-infertilitas.（维持动物生殖功能，抗不育症） Antioxidation Promote metabolism of heme.,Deficiency states: generative organ damage, even aciesis(不育).,Source: bean oil豆油（94mg/100g) corn oil玉米油83mg/100g,. Vitamin K,2-甲基-1,4萘醌的衍生物,Functions: Prosthetic group of - Glutamic Acid carboxylase(-谷氨酸羧化酶的辅酶), Promote synthesis of proserozyme in liver. Adjust synthesis of blood coagulation factor 、.,Deficiency states: Bleeding easily.,Source: Yolk(蛋黄)，green color vegetables Synthesized by some entero-bacterium肠道菌合成,Section 2. water-soluble vitamin,1. Vitamin B1 thiamin,Form TPP焦磷酸硫胺素 TPP is prosthetic group of pyruvic acid dehydrogenase 丙酮酸脱氢酶的辅基 Catalyze -keto acid decarboxylic reaction.,Deficiency deseases: Beriberi脚气病, polyneuritis多发性神经炎,Source: seeds crust and corcle(胚芽).,2. Vitamin B2 riboflavin核黄素,Form FMN, FAD prosthetic group of redox enzyme FAD + 2H = FADH2 FMN + 2H = FMNH2 Transfer hydogen and electron递氢与电子,Deficiency deseases: Hypopnea, lower metabolism intensity. glossitis, ceratitis, cutitis(缺乏时,组织呼吸减弱，代谢强度降低。主要症状为舌炎、角膜炎、皮炎等。),Source: Bean,liver.,3. VitPP(VB5),Nicotinic Acid（烟酸) micotinamide （尼克酰胺),Deficiency deseases: Pellagra(糙皮病,玉米红斑病),Source: Meat, yeast, peanut花生，rice bran米糠,4. Vitamin B6,Prosthetic group of aminotransferase, decarboxylase and racemase (Aa转氨酶、脱羧酶、消旋酶的辅酶),Source: Yeast, rice bran(米糠), yolk(蛋黄)，meat.,Function: Amino group transfer,5. pantothenic acid泛酸(B3),Form coenzyme A (CoA-SH) Form acyl carrier protein Transfer acyl group,CoA-SH,Source: Yeast, meat, bee milk, peannuts. Synthesized by bacterium in intestines,6. Biotin(B7),Prosthetic enzyme of carboxylase Transfer CO2.,乙酰CoA羧化酶,Source: Wide exist in body of animals and plants. Synthesized by bacterium in intestines,Deficiency deseases: Scytitis（皮炎），trichomadesis（脱毛），nervousness（神经过敏）,7. Folic acid pterolyglutamic acid蝶酰谷氨酸,Carrier of one carbon group:-CH3, -CH2-, -CHO. Join in many biosynthesis processes. Deficiency states: Megaloblastic anaemia巨幼红细胞贫血 Exist mainly in liver and green leaves. Synthesized by bacterium in intestines,8. Vitamin B12 coholamine钴胺素,Prosthetic enzyme of mutase, catalyze reactions of group, mainly methyl, metachoresis in the interior of substrate molecule. 变位酶的辅酶，催化底物分子内基团(主要为甲基)的变位反应。,Source: Liver, milk, meat and so on, not in plants.,Deficiency states: megaloblastic anemia巨幼红细胞性贫血,甲基丙二酸单酰辅酶变位酶,Vitamin C Ascorbic acid,Strong reduction quality ,Protect enzyme having thiol group being reductive(使巯基酶中巯基处于还原态。) Prosthetic enzyme of proline hydroxylase, promote forming of collagen protein (脯氨酸羟化酶的辅酶，促进胶原蛋白的形成。) Deficiency states:scorbutus,抗坏血酸 脱氢抗坏血酸,Widely exist in fresh vegetables and fruit,10.Lipoic 硫辛酸,prosthetic enzyme of Lipoate acetyltransferase(硫辛酸乙酰转移酶的辅酶) hydrogen carrier, acyl carrier Exist in liver,yeast and so on.,维生素概况一览表（1）-水溶性维生素,维生素概况一览表（2）-脂溶性维生素,药物可能导致营养素缺乏的种类,维生素为15 维生素为10 维生素为30 维生素为60 维生素1为15 维生素2为17 烟酰胺为20 维生素6为2 维生素12为6 泛酸为10 叶酸为400 生物素为300,成年人营养补充维生素每日参考用量：,选择题练习 维生素,1. 没有五元环结构的维生素是（ ）,A. 硫胺素 B. 生物素 C. 叶酸 D. 维生素D E. 钴胺素,A. 硫胺素 B. 生物素 C. 维生素C D. 维生素D E. 维生素A,2. 参与固定CO2的是（ ）,3. 维生素D的生化作用是( ),A. 促进钙、磷吸收 B. 促进钙、磷排泄 C. 降低钙、磷吸收 D. 降低钙、磷排泄 E. 促进胃对钙、磷吸收,4. 在体内无抗氧化作用的维生素是( ),A. 维生素A B. 维生素E C. 维生素C D. 维生素K E. 硫辛酸,5. 缺乏维生素K时,可引起( ),A. 凝血因子合成不受影响 B. 凝血因子合成增加 C. 凝血时间正常 D. 凝血时间延长 E. 凝血时间缩短,6. Which one doesnt contain vitamine?,A. FMN B. FAD C. CoQ D. CoASH E. NAD+,7. 下列哪种维生素缺乏会引起坏血病？,A. 硫胺素 B. 核黄素 C. 硫辛酸 D. 维生素C E. 泛酸,8. 与一碳单位代谢有关的维生素有( ),A. 维生素B2 B. 维生素B12 C. 维生素B6 D. 生物素 E. 叶酸,9. Which vitamine join in composition of coenzyme or prosthetic group?,A. Vitamine C B. Vitamine D C. Vitamine B2 D. Vitamine B6 E. Folic acid,10. 具有维生素A活性的物质包括（ ）,A 视黄醇 B 视黄醛 C 视黄酸 D -胡萝卜素 E 玉米黄素,11. 下列关于维生素的叙述正确的是( ),A 维生素是构成组织细胞成分之一 B 根据化学结构和性质分类 C 全部由食物供给 D 是一类需要量很大的物质 E 有些溶于水,有些溶于脂肪,12. 自然界黄红色植物中含维生素A的前体最主要的是( ),A -胡萝卜素 B -胡萝卜素 C -胡萝卜素 D 视黄醛 E 玉米黄素,13. Night-blindness is due to lack of ( ),A Vitamin C B Vitamin E C lactoflavin D vitamine A E vitamine D,14. The active form of vitamine D is ( ),A 1,24-(OH)2-VD3 B 1,25-(OH)2-VD3 C 24,25-(OH)2-VD3 D 25-(OH)-VD3 E 24-OH-VD3,15. 维生素D缺乏时可引起( ),A 痛风症 B 呆小症 C 夜盲症 D 干眼病 E 佝偻病,16. 经常晒太阳不致缺乏的维生素是( ),A 维生素C B 维生素A C 维生素B