John Snow defeats “king cholera”课文精讲(批注版).doc

John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”John snow was a famous doctor in London-so expert专业的，内行的，医术精湛的I am an expert learner.熟练的I am expert in remembering words.擅长Yuan Long ping is an agricultural expert.农业专家, indeed, that he attended侍奉；护理look after; care for; serve Queen Victoria as her personal physician医生doctor,正式用语. But he became inspired感到备受鼓舞的 when he thought about helping ordinary普通的 people exposed to cholera过去分词短语后置作定语修饰people置身霍乱之中. This was the deadly致命的 disease疾病 dis-失去 ease舒适 of its day. Neither its cause病因 nor its cure治疗方法 was understood. So many thousands of大批 terrified惊恐的 people died every time短语连词，相当于when，引导时间状语从句 there was an outbreak霍乱爆发. John Snow wanted to face the challenge面对挑战 and solve this problem.He knew that cholera would never be controll控制in control of=in charge of管理My mother is in control of money.ed until its cause was found.约翰 雪是伦敦的一位非常著名的医生,确实,他作为维多利亚女王的私人医生来照顾她,但是当他想到帮助暴露在霍乱王疾病下的普通人时,他变的很有灵感,在那时,这是一个致命 的疾病,不论他的感染方式还是治愈方法都无从知晓,所以每次爆发的时候都有数以千计的惊恐的人丧生.约翰 学想要面对这个挑战并且解决这个问题,他知道霍乱的起源如果无法找到,他将无法控制.He became interested in对感兴趣 two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggest表明showed that cholera multipliedmultiply:繁殖The first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen. From how life began on the earth. in the air. A cloud of dangerendanger:使遭受威胁endangered:濒危的There Daisy saw an antelope looking sad. It said: “we are being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs, our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you. As a result, we are now an endangered species.” From how daisy learned to help wildlifeous gas float漂浮在水中或空中。ed around until it found its victim受害者，牺牲品，猎物. The second suggest猜测guessed that people absorb吸收ed these diseases into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach肠胃 the disease quickly attack侵袭ed the body and soon the affected受感染的 person died.他变的对可能解释霍乱如何杀人的两个学说感兴趣起来,第一个说明霍乱在空气中繁殖,一团危险的气体漂浮着直到找到他的感染者,第二个表明人们在吃饭时把疾病吸收入身体,从胃里,这病毒很快的攻击身体并且很快导致感染者死亡.John snow suspect推测ed that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence证据. So when another outbreak hit袭击 London in 1854, he was ready to着手准备 begin his enquiry调研，调查. As the disease quickly spread传播 through poor neighborhoods, he began to gather information收集信息. In two particular特别的 streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe严重的very seriousI am severe with myself. be severe with=be strict withHis severe looks frightened me.He has a severe pain in his leg. that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined下定决心的 to find out why省略I didnt know how.约翰 雪怀疑第二个学说是正确的但他需要证据,所以当其他的霍乱在1854年的伦敦爆发时,他已经完成了他询问的准备工作,当这个疾病很快传播到穷邻居时,他开始去收集信息,在两个特别的街道,霍乱的爆发特别严重以致于有五百多人在十天内死亡,他下定了找出原因的决心.First he mark做标记ed on a map the exact确切的 places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue有价值的线索 about the cause of the disease.Many of the deaths were near the water pump水泵 in Broad Street宽街，Broad Way 百老汇？.He also noticed that some houses had had no death.He had not foreseen预料 this, so he made further investigations进一步的调查, he discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge street. They had been given free免费的 beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump.It seemed that the water was to blame应该归咎于was to=should.首先他在地图上标出了死去的人曾经居住过的确切地点,这给了他一个有价值的关于疾病起源的线索,在宽街上,多死去的人的居住地邻近水泵.他也注意到了一些房子没有人死去,他没有对此深究,所以,他作了一个进一步的调查,他发现这些人们工作在剑桥七街的酒吧里,他们被给予了免费的啤酒所以不需要去喝水泵里的水,看起来,应该责备的是水.Next, John Snow looked into调查investigate the source of the water for these two streets.He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London过去分词短语后置作定语修饰river.He immediately told the astonished people惊慌失措的人们 in Broad Street to remove去除 the handle把手 from the pump so thatso that连词引导目的状语从句 it could not be used.Soon afterwards之后 the disease slowed down缓解，减慢. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs病菌 and not in a cloud of gas.接下来,约翰 雪调查这两条街的水的起源,他发现这水来自被伦敦来的污水污染过的河流,他立刻告诉宽街上惊恐的人们移开水泵的把手从而使他不能被使用,在这之后,很快这疾病就减缓了,他展示了霍乱是通过细菌来传播而不是一团气体.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence支持性证据 from two other deaths死亡案例 that were linked to与相联系connectwith the broad street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away搬走 from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it deliveredhave sth. done 使被做 to her house everyday. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water.With this extra evidence额外的证据，特别的证据 John Snow was able to announce宣布The headmaster announced that ZCYZ TV Station was set up.Fallen leaves announced the coming of autumn. with certainty肯定地 that polluted water被污染的水 carried the virus.在伦敦的其他部分,他发现其他两个与宽街爆发有关的死亡病例来作为支持证据,一个从宽街搬走的女子,非常喜欢从那个水泵里打出的水,以致于每天她都让那水送到她家供他饮用,在喝过水后,她和她的女儿都死去了,用这个额外的证据,约翰 雪有能力确定地宣布是被污染的水带来了病毒.To preventprevent.from 阻止免于 this from happening again, John Snow suggest建议宾从用be型虚拟语气ed that