高中英语 Unit2 Sporting events Grammar and usage课件 牛津译林版必修4.ppt

M4U2Grammarandusage,modalverbs,1)A:Who_itbe?B:It_beTom.A:No.It_beTom,becauseheflewtoShanghaithismorning.B:OK.It_beJack.Hepromisedmetoeherethismoment.2)-MayIein?-Yes,you_.-No,you_.3)-MustIdoitnow?-Yes,you_.-No,you_.,can,may/might,may/can,mustnt,must/haveto,neednt,cant,must,4）You_eatalotbeforeswimming.5）You_usethistoothbrush.Itsmine.6）Children_playwithcats.They_hurtyou.(mustnt;may),shouldnt/oughtntto,shallnot,mustnt,may,1.Whatsthedefinitionofmodalverbs?,情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,必须和不带to的动词不定式连用。,情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有词义，但是不完整，不能单独做谓语，必须和不带to的动词不定式连用。,ability,certainty,permission,obligation,makerequests,makesuggestions,makeoffers,giveadvice,能力,义务,责任,确定,允许,提出请求,提出建议,提供帮忙,提出忠告,Modalverbs:generalintroduction,2.基本形式和否定词not连用时的简略形式：,3.情态动词的非推测用法,1)can/beabletoNowmanyofuscanspeakEnglish,butafewyearsago,wecouldnt.Sheisgettingbetterandwillbeabletogobacktoschoolnextweek.Summary:beableto用于表示能力并且可以用于各种时态，而can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。can表示客观上能够，较常用，beableto更侧重于“经过努力后达到一定境界”的意思。另,was/wereableto有“经过努力做成某事”的意思，相当于managedtodo/succeededindoingsth.,2)oughtto,should;haveto,mustTheyshouldnotallowcarstoparkhere;thestreetisnotwideenough.Youshould/oughttotellherthenewsrightaway.Wehavetogonow,orwewillmissthelastbus.Imustfinishtypingmyarticlebeforefive.,Summary:oughtto和should意思接近，大多数情况下可以互换，但是should谈的是自己的主观看法，用于各种人称。oughtto则更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。haveto和must都可以表示必须的意思，但要注意一下两点区别：must只有现在时，而haveto有现在时、过去时和将来时。must表示主观看法，haveto则侧重于客观需要。,3）might/may/could/should/oughtto/will/mustWritethefollowingsentenceontheblackboardandaskstudentstoexplainthemeaningsofthedifferentmodalverbsusedineachone.今晚我或许/可能/很可能/很可能/会，将/一定会收看电视节目。Summary:might表示非常不肯定，may,could,should,oughtto,will语气逐渐增强，must则表示几乎完全肯定。,4)can,could,may,might,Translatethefollowingsentencesusingpropermodalverbs:ImsorryImlate.MayIein?-CanIhavealookatyourbook?-Ofcourseyoucan./Sorry,youcant.-CouldIborrowyourdictionary?-Yes,ofcourse,youcan.,Summary:,表示许可的情态动词：can,could,may,might在非正式场合或英语口语中，常用can或could表示许可，could更有礼貌。而在正式场合或书面语中，则常用may或might表示许可，might更正式。might或could比较委婉，一般多用于疑问句。在以could，might表示征询对方意见或表示请求时，回答应相应使用can,may.-MightIwatchTVaftersupper?-Yes,youmay.,5)will,can,could,would,-Will/Can/Could/Wouldyouhelpmewithmytraining?-Yes,Iwill/can/can/will.Summary:这组情态动词可以用来提出请求（makerequests）would最正式、客气，其次是could，然后是can,最后是will,6)shall,-Shallwe/I/he/she/theydosomeexercisethismorning?-Yes.-Shallheein?-OK.Summary:shall常用于第一、三人称，表示征求对方意见。,7）will,shallIllwashyoursportsjacket.Shallwecarrythebooksforyou?Summary:shall,will用于第一人称表示提供帮助。,8)should/oughtto,Youshouldnot/oughtnottoeatalot.Thestudentsshouldspendalltheirtimeworkingattheirlessons.Summary:should,oughtto可用于提出忠告。,4情态动词的推测用法,Askstudentstoworkingroupsandencouragethemtodiscussthetranslationoftheunderlinedwords.,1)YoumustbeMr.Smith-Iwastoldtoexpectyouhere.2)Hemusthaveknownwhatweexpected.3)Wemayhavereadthesamereport.4)Hecanthavesleptthroughallthatnoise.5)Theressomeoneoutside-whocanitbe?6)Whatcantheybedoing?7)Thesepillsmighthelptocureyourdisease.8)Youcouldberight,Isuppose.,Conclusion:,Alltheunderlinedwordsabovearemodalverbs.情态动词表示可以用于推测。must用于肯定句，cancould用于否定句和疑问句。,must,1）情态动词must表示推测时只能用于肯定句，表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定，准是”，肯定程度大于may,might.对现在发生的事情作出肯定判断用mustdo/be.译句：Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.Ioftenmeethiminthestreet.Hemustlivequitenearhere.2)must表示对过去发生的事情作出肯定判断要用musthavedone.译句：Ididnthearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.3)must表示对现在正在进行的动作进行肯定推测时，后接be+V-ing.译句：Thelightinthestudyison.Hemustbereadingbooks.,can/could,1)can和could表示推测时，常用于否定句或疑问句。推测现在，用can/coulddo/be的形式译句：ItcantbeMary.Shehasfallenill.Itssolate.CanTombereading?Shecouldntbetellinglies.2)对过去发生的行为的可能性进行推测，要用can/couldhavedone的形式。译句：Canshehavetoldalie?Thedoorwaslocked.Shecouldnthavebeenathome.Themoneyisgone.Whocouldhavetakenit?,3)can/could用于肯定句，表示“经验之谈”，可译为“有时（会）”。Anybodycanmakemistakes.Teachingcanbetiring.4)can/couldhavedone用于肯定句时，表示对过去发生的事情做出判断，意为“本可以”或者“本来可能已经”。Lindadidntcatchthefirsttrain.Shecouldhavecaughtit.,may/might,1)may/might表示推测时，主要用于肯定句，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作把握不大。might相对于may来说，表示的可能性更小一些。（might有时是may的过去式）Theymayeheretomorrow.Theymighteheretomorrow.Shemaybestillwaitingforyou.Shemightbestillwaitingforyou.2)表示对过去发生的动作进行推测，应用may/mighthavedone的形式。Hemayhavebeenathomeforabouttwohours.Hemighthavespokentoheryesterday.,should,情态动词should也可用来表示推测，意为“可能，应该”，相当于beexpectedto,往往指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的可能性进行描述，语气上不如must强。,单项选择题：-WillMr.Wangofferusahand?-He_begladto.Heneverrefusedourguest.A.canB.mustC.mayD.should-WhencanIeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.-They_bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.needItsnearlysevenoclock.Jack_behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can,5.Pairsofmodalverbsshall/will,1)在陈述句中，shall常常表示允诺，而will则常表示决心或决定。Dontworry.Youshallhavetheticketsforthegames.LiuMeiwillgoandbuytheticketsforthegames.,2)shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请求。Shallwebeginourclass?(征求意见)WhenshallMikebeabletoleavehospital?(向对方请求)shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、决心或威胁。Youshallgotothefrontatonce.(命令)YoushallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.（允诺）Heshallbepunished.（威胁）Heshallbesorryoneday.Itellyou.（警告）Nothingshallstopusfromfightingagainstpollution.（决心）,shall还用于条约、规定、规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。“Theinterest_bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall(D),will用于第二、三人称疑问句中，表示询问意愿。Willyougohikingwithmeinthemountains?Willhepayforme?另外：在if从句中，有时为了表示意愿，也用will,有“愿意”的意思。Iftheywonthelpus,wecannotfinishthetaskwithinamonth.Ifyouwilllistentome,IllgiveyousomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.,mustnt和neednt,