中西文化对比-成语和谚语.ppt

Beforeastudentgetsthehangofhowtouseidiomsandproverbs,hellmakealotofmistakes.Somemistakeswillcausepeopletoholdtheirsideswithlaughter,butthatshouldntputhiminastew.Heshouldlearntoputupwithsuchthings.Youmightsayifyouwanttolearnaforeignlanguagewell,thatspartofthegame.,在熟知这些成语的用法前，很多人一定会犯不少错误.有些错误会使人发笑.但不必着急，对这种事要有耐性.可以说，学好外语，就得这样.,lookout,东西,吃软不吃硬-bullytheweakbutyieldtoonewhofightsback-tobeopentopersuasion,butnottocoercion,布衣素食-wearcottonclothesandeatvegetablefood-coarseclothesandsimplefare,getthehangof,holdonessideswithlaughter,putsomeoneinastew,putupwithsomething,partofthegame,事情就是这样,忍受（某事）,使某人烦恼（为难,着急）,捧腹大笑,熟悉；得知,Chapter2IdiomsandProverbs,Whatareidiomsandproverbs?,Chinesemeaning:成语和谚语,InChinese:四字成语,InEnglish:setphrases,idiom:agroupofwordsinafixedorderhavingaparticularmeaning,whichisdifferentfromthemeaningsofeachwordunderstoodonitsownandmustbelearntasawholeunit.,proverb:shortwell-knownsayingthatstatesageneraltruthorgivesadvice.,Theyarewell-knownsetphrasesorshortsentences,expressingsupposedtruth,wisdomormorallessons.Theyarespecialinstructurewhichsometimesmakestheminexplicablelogicallyorgrammatically.Theycanreflectvividlyanationsgeography,history,itspeopleslifeexperience,socialviews,thinkingandconceptsaswellasliterature.,.Similarity,A.Humanexperiencesandobservations,andevenhistoryareinmanyaspectssimilar,whichmakestheexpressionsandtheirmeaningssimilar:,Strikewhiletheironishot.,Manyhandsmakelightwork.,Hastemakeswaste.,Outofsight,outofmind.,眼不见，心不烦.,欲速则不达.,人多好办事.,趁热打铁.,Lookbeforeyouleap.,三思而后行.,Morehaste,lessspeed.,Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.,物以类聚，人以群分.,Thingsofakindcometogether,peopleofamindfallintothesamegroup.,Likeattractslike.,Hemostliveswhothinksmost,feelsthenoblestandactsthebest.,Putnotyourhandbetweenthebarkandthetree.,思想深刻,情感高尚,品行端正者活的最好.,别人家中事,最好别插手./不要多管闲事.,Pridegoesbeforeafall.,骄兵必败,Lifeisnotabedofroses.,生活并不总是充满鲜花,Twoofatradeneveragree.,同行多嫉妒.,Itsnotthebeardthatmakesthephilosopher.,有志不在年高.,Preventionisbetterthancure.,Givehimaninchandhelltakeamile.,Longhairandshortwit.,Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend.,天下没有不散的宴席.,头发长，见识短,得寸进尺.,预防胜过治疗.,Fireprovesgold,adversityprovesmen.,Liveandlearn.,烈火显真金，逆境识英雄,活到老，学到老.,Bloodisthickerthanwater.,Wallhasears.,血浓于水,隔墙有耳,Goldenwordsoffendtheears.,忠言逆耳.,Ifyouwouldnotbeknowntodoanything,neverdoit.若要人不知，除非己莫为Inunityhereisstrength.团结就是力量Timeismoney.时间就是金钱.Hewhosebellyisfullbelievesnothimwhoisfasting.饱汉不知饿汉饥Easiersaidthandone./(Its)easiertosaythantodo.说时容易做时难Idlenessistherootofallevil.懒惰是万恶之源Brevityisthesoulofwit.简洁是智慧的精髓.Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧.Hewhohasnottastedbitterknowsnotwhatsweetis.吃得苦中苦,方知甜上甜.Goodluckwouldnevercomeinpairs.福不双至,B.InEnglish,someidiomsandproverbsareborrowedfromotherlanguagesanditisthesamewithChinese.,1.EnglishborrowedfromChinese,toloseonesface丢面子,papertiger纸老虎,tosaveonesface保面子,2.ChineseborrowedfromEnglish:,aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth以眼还眼，以牙还牙,armedtotheteeth武装到牙齿,awolfinthesheepsclothing披着羊皮的狼,turnoveranewleaf揭开新的一页,Theeyeisthewindowofthemind.眼睛是心灵的窗户.,C.Similarsources:,Fromreligiousworks.Olivebranch-Bible-Genesis,scapegoat-Bible-Leviticus;eyeforeye,toothfortooth-OldTestament-Exodus.现身说法；放下屠刀，立地成佛；五体投地,.Fromlegendandmythology.PandorasBox-GreekMythology;AchillesHeel;开天辟地；精卫填海,.Fromfable.Awolfinsheepsclothing;sourGrapes:狐假虎威,.Fromhistoricaleventsandstories.MeetonesWaterloo;项庄舞剑，意在沛公；鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已；水落石出,totalkhorse,.Dissimilarity,A.Similarinmeaningbutdifferentinmetaphor:,tobreakabutterflyonthewheel,aratinhole,瓮中之鳖,likeadrownedrat,tolookforaneedleinthehay,tofishintheair,像只落汤鸡,吹牛,大海捞针,水底捞月,杀鸡用牛刀；小题大做,tobeataroundthebush,旁敲侧击；转弯抹角,tokick/hitamanwhenheisdown,Anidleyouth,aneedy(贫困的)age.,onceinabluemoon,tocryupwineandsellvinegar,totreaduponeggs,diamondcutdiamond,Justicehaslongarms.,Theburntchilddreadsthefire.,千载难逢,挂羊头，卖狗肉,如履薄冰,棋逢对手,落井下石,天网恢恢，疏而不漏.,一遭被蛇咬，十年怕井绳.,少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲.,Manyheadsarebetterthanone.,Theproofofthepudding-梨isintheeating.,三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮.,空谈不如实践,Betterbetheheadofadogthanthetailofalion.宁做鸡头，不做凤尾Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃.Theforemostdogcatchesthehare.捷足先登./先下手为强.Clumsybirdshavetostartearly.笨鸟先飞.Everypotterpraiseshisownpot.老王卖瓜，自卖自夸toblowonesownhorn/trumpet自吹自擂.Thefoxpreysfarthestfromhome.兔子不吃窝边草Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.一花独放不是春Onedropofpoisoninfectsthewholetonofwine.一颗老鼠屎坏了一锅粥Setafoxtokeeponesgeese.引狼入室Whatdoyouexpectfromapigbutagrunt?狗嘴里吐不出象牙.Hethatcomesofahenmustscrape.老鼠的儿子会打洞Whenthecatsaway,themicewillplay.山中无老虎，猴子称大王Giveadogabadnameandhanghim.欲加之罪，何患无词.Loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌.Everydoghashisday.瓦片也有翻身日；人人都有得意时.,Theleopardcanneverchangeitsspot.本性难移.Alittlepotissoonhot.壶小易热，量小易怒.Letbeggarsmatchwithbeggars.门当户对./龙配龙,凤配风.Dontputthecartbeforethehorse.勿本末倒置.Finefeathersdonotmakefinebirds.人不可貌相.Killtwobirdswithonestone.一石击二鸟；一箭双雕.EverydayisnotSunday.好境不长.Faithwillmovemountains.精诚所至，金石为开.Barkingdogsdonotbite.嘴狠手软./刀子嘴豆腐心.Anewbroomsweepsclean.新官上任三把火.Onecannotmakeasilkpurseoutofasowsear.巧妇难为无米之炊.Whatweloseinhakeweshallhaveinherring.失之东隅，收之桑榆.Beautifulflowersaresoonpicked.红颜多薄命.Asyoumakeyourbed,soyoumustlieonit.自作自受，作茧自缚.Arollingstonegathersnomoss.滚石不生苔,转业不聚财.Talkofthedevil,andhessuretoappear.Speakofangels,andyouwillheartheirwings.说曹操,曹操到.,B.Similarinmeaningbutdifferentinexpression:,Sinkorswim.,自作自受.,Whospitsagainstheaven,itfallsinhisface.,知足者常乐.,Enoughisasgoodasafeast,宁可信其有，不可信其无,Bettertobesurethansorry.,失之毫厘，谬以千里,Amissisasgoodasamile.,机不可失.,Opportunityseldomknockstwice.,博而不专,Jackofalltrades,masterofnone.,不吃苦中苦，难得人上人,Hethathadnocrossdeservesnocrown.,不进则退,Romewasnotbuiltinaday.,冰冻三尺非一日之寒.,Wheretheressmoketheresfire.,无风不起浪.,Topayhimbackinhisowncoin.,Anunfortunatemanwouldbedrownedinatea-cup.,-人倒霉喝凉水都塞牙.,Ittakestwotomakeaquarrel.,一个巴掌拍不响.,Failuresarethepillarsofsuccess.,失败是成功之母.,Truthneedsnotmanywords.,有理不在声高.,以其人之道，还治其人之身.,C.Someidiomsandproverbsarecommoninonelanguagebutcompletelyabsentintheother:,1.InEnglish:,tomeetonesWaterloo,GoDutch.,各人自己付钱.,Thelaststrawbentthecamel.,超出忍耐的极限；忍无可忍,Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.,多吃苹果少得病.,keeponesfingerscrossed,希望好运；祈求吉利,bebornwithasilverspooninonesmouth,生在富贵人家,pullthewooloversomeoneseyes,蒙骗某人,putonesfootinonesmouth,说错话；做错事,遭到惨败,2.InChinese:,-Neitheradjustyourshoeinamelonpatch,noryourhatunderaplum-tree-topreventfrombeingconsideredathief,-well-thought-outplan/idea,胸有成竹,盲人瞎马,-Ablindmanonablindhorse-rushingheadlongtodisaster,-Eventhedogswaggerwhenitsmasterwinsfavor.,一人得道，鸡犬升天,-Courtdoormayopen,butnottothepoor,衙门自古朝南开，有理无钱莫进来,瓜田不纳履，李下不整冠,InChinese,thereisaspecialexpressioncalledthetwo-partsaying.Itisformedbyashortstatementandatagphrasetogiveafurtherexplanationorcommentthatbringsoutthewitorhumor.Thetwo-partsayingdoesnotexistinEnglish.,theEightImmortalscrossthesea-eachdisplayinghisspecialprowess;peopledoingthesamejob,buteachinhisownspecialway,anddoingitwell,茶壶里煮饺子-倒不出来,boilingdumplingsinateapot-nowaytogetthemout;haveideasbutcantexpressthemorally,八仙过海-各显神通,狗拿耗子-多管闲事,Adogcatchingamouse-pokingonesnoseintootherpeoplesbusiness,鸡蛋里挑骨头-故意找错,Pickingbonesfromeggs-findingfaultdeliberately,猫哭老鼠-假慈悲,Acatcryingoveramousesmisfortune-fakemercy,门缝里瞅人-把人看扁了,Gazingatsomeonefrombehindaslightlyopeneddoor-takinganarrowviewofaperson,泥菩萨过河-自身难保,AclayBuddhacrossingastream-hardlyabletosavehimself,竹篮打水-一场空,千里送鹅毛-礼轻情意重,Travelathousandmilestobestowagoosefeather-asmallgiftbutatokenofprofoundfriendship,铁打的公鸡-一毛不拔,Anironrooster-notafeathercanbepulledout;skinflint,兔子的尾巴-长不了,Aharestail-cannotbe/lastlong,外甥打灯笼-照旧（舅）,Thenephewholdsalanternforhisuncle-thingsstayunchanged,哑巴吃黄连-有苦说不出,Adumbpersontastingbitterherb-unabletoexpressbitterfeelings,Drawingwaterwithabamboobasket,drawwaterinasieve-achievingnothing,D.Someexpressionsseemtobeequivalentinmeaningonthesurfaceandsomearedifficulttounderstandbecausetheirliteralmeaningsoundsstrangetoaforeigner.,tohavewordswithsb.,Ittakestwotomakeaquarrel.,Amissisasgoodasamile.,-toquarrelortohaveanangrydiscussionwithsb.,和某人说话和某人吵架争吵,-Ittakesmorethanonepersontoachieveanythingsignificant.,一个巴掌拍不响,-InChinese,itisawarning;inEnglish,itmerelystateafact,oraphilosophicattitude.,失之毫厘，谬以千里,toeatswallowoneswords,自食其言收回前言，承认错了见ppt27,gildingthelily,Thepotcallsthekettleblack.,直译：给百合花贴金,-spoilingsth.whichisalreadyfineorgoodbyaddingsth.inattempttomakeitbetter,直译：锅笑壶黑,五十步笑一百步,-Onetriestoaccuseanotheroffaultssimilartothosecommittedbyhimself.,-addingsth.tomakeagoodthingevenbetter,-Twohavemistakesbutonehaslessthananother.,锦上添花,画蛇添足,乌鸦笑猪黑,e.g.Sheaccusedusofbeingextravagant-talkaboutthepotcallingthekettleblack.,togetakickoutof/from(doing)something,toblowo