《定语从句语法点》PPT课件.ppt

定语从句,TheAttributiveClause,带定语从句的谚语：1.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者天助之。2.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。3.HewhodoesntreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到长城非好汉。,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,whom,who,which,that,whose,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,定语：,用于修饰名词或代词,Heisacleverboy.他是一个聪明的男孩。Heisaphysicsteacher.他是一个物理老师。AustraliaisanEnglish-speakingcountry.澳大利亚是一个讲英语的家。,Keywords:复合句(含有从句的句子;从句在复合句中充当什么成分就叫什么从句)e.g.1.WhenIcamein,hewasreadingabook.(时间状语从句)2.Ihope(that)youwillgivemeareplysoon.(宾语从句),定语从句：,由一个句子充当定语,即在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句,定语从句的位置：,在修饰名词或代词后,先行词：,引导词：,引导定语从句的词关系代词that,who,whom,whose,which,as关系副词when,where,why,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词,Forexample:,Thisisabookwhichtellsaboutspaceknowledge.,先行词,关系代词,定语从句,定语从句四步：第一步,找出先行词；第二,找出定语从句第三,看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（主语、宾语）第四,选择合适的关系词。,e.g.Thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear.,先行词,定语从句,引导词的作用：(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成分(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置,关系代词,that,that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物,1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.（主语）,2)ThenoodlesthatIlookedweredelicious.（宾语）,Thisisthefactory.Thefactoryisnearourschool.Thisisthefactory_,which/thatisnearourschool,1.Thisisthefactory.2.Ivisitedthefactory.Thisisthefactory_,which/thatIvisited.,which,Which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物,1)Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidntneedmuchwater.(主语),2)Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.（宾语）,Thisisthefactory.Thefactoryisnearourschool.Thisisthefactory_,which/thatisnearourschool,1.Thisisthefactory.2.Ivisitedthefactory.Thisisthefactory_,which/thatIvisited.,who,who在从句中作主语和宾语,指人,1)TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.（主语）,2)ComradeLiisamanwhoweshouldlearnfrom（宾语）,Ihaveafriend.Ihaveaselflessfriend.Ihaveafriend_,whoisselfless,whom,whom在从句中作宾语,指人,3)ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.（宾语）,4)Mr.Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.（宾语）,whose,2)Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.,whose在从句中作定语，指人或物,1)MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.,whose引导的定语从句应注意以下几点：1.whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语其后应紧跟名词Thatsthechildwhosedrawingwelookedatjustnow.,2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词可指人，也可指物Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackwithdisease.,3.whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语,可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间Tom,onwhosebikeIwenttoschoolisafriendofmine.,4.Whose的先行词指物时,可用ofwhich代替whose.指人不可whose+n=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouth.,1)Doyouknowtheman_isstandingoverthere?2)Thegirl_weweretalkingaboutisMary.,who/that,who(m)/that,3)Thebook_isabouttheUSAhasbeenlost.4)Didyouseethepen_Ilostyesterday?,that/which,that/which,5)Therearesomepeople_facesyoucantforget.6)Iamsittinginthechair_legsarebroken.,whose,whose,Therearesomepeoplewhosefacesyoucantforget.Therearesomepeopleofwhomthefacesyoucantforget.,Iamsittinginthechairwhoselegsarebroken.Iamsittinginthechairofwhichthelegsarebroken.,关系代词who,that作主语,1.Yourfriendcametoseeyouyesterday.2.YourfriendstudiesinBeijingUniversity.,Yourfriendwho/thatstudiesinBeijingUniversitycametoseeyouyesterday.,关系代词whom,that作宾语,1.Heistheman.2.Youhavebeenwaitingfortheman.,Heistheman(whom/that)youhavebeenwaitingfor.,关系代词which,that作主语,1.Itsoundedlikeatrain.2.Atrainwasgoingundermyhouse.,Itsoundedlikeatrainwhich/thatwasgoingundermyhouse.,关系代词which/that作宾语,1.Theearthisabigball.2.Weliveontheearth.,Theearth(which/that)weliveonisabigball.,关系代词whose作定语,1.Doyouknowtheman?2.Themanswatchismissing.,Doyouknowthemanwhosewatchismissing?,where,where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词,并在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。where=inwhich=atwhich,1.Thisisthefactory.2.Iworkedinthefactory.Thisisthefactory_,which/thatIworkedin.,Thisisthefactoryin_Iworked.,which,=,where,1.Wevisitedthehouse.2.Luxunoncelivedinthehouse.Wevisitedthehouse_Luxunoncelived.,where,=,inwhich,1.Thisisthelibrary_hasmanybooks.2.Thisisthelibrary_Ivisited.3.Thisisthelibrary_Ireadbooks.,which/that,which/that,inwhich/where,thelibrary,thelibrary,inthelibrary,when,when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词,并在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。关系副词when=inwhich=atwhich=onwhich,1.Illneverforgettheday.2.IjoinedthePartyontheday.Illneverforgettheday_IjoinedtheParty.,when,=,onwhich,WestillrememberthatAugust_wetraveledtogether.,inthatAugust,inwhich/when,Thisistheday_wecantforget.Thisistheday_Iwasborn.,which/that,onwhich/when,theday,ontheday,why,why引导的定语从句修饰表示原因的名词,并在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。why=forwhich,1.Therearemanyreasons.2.Peopleliketravelingformanyreasons.Therearemanyreasons_peopleliketraveling.,forwhich,why,=,Thisisthereason_hegaveme.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.,forwhich/why,which/that,thereason,forthereason,as,as引导定语从句常出现于thesameas,suchas,asas,soas中。As引导的定语从句常用省略形式，as在从句中既可指人或物，也可指整个句子，指整个句子时可位于句首，句尾或句中。As引导定语从句时，在从句中常作主语，宾语，表语等。,Suchpeopleashavemadegreatcontributionstotheworldshouldbegreatlyrespected.那些对世界作出巨大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。(as与such连用，在定语从句中做主语)语，表语等。,Letsmeetatthesameplaceaswedidyesterday.咱们在昨天见面的同一地方见面吧。（as与thesame连用，在定语从句中做状语）,Shakespeareisafamouswriter,aseverybodyknows.众所周知，莎士比亚是著名的作家。(as代替整个从句，做knows的宾语，位于句尾)Shakespeare,aseverybodyknows,isafamouswriter.（位于句中）,这类as引导的定语从句通常有固定表达。AsIcanremember正如我所记的Asoftenhappens正如经常发的Asyousee这一点你明白Asiswellknown众所周知Asisexpected正如预料的那样Ascanbeseen看得出来,thewaythat,方式关系副词that=inwhichThisisthewaythat(inwhich)hedidit,Idontliethewaythat(=inwhich)youlaughather,提醒一：关系代词或关系副词的选择有两个原则：1）先行词是人还是物;2)先行词在从句中作什么成分。若先行词在从句中作主语，宾语，或定语，则选关系代词；若在从句中作状语，则选关系副词。,1Wewillrememberthosedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.(作宾语)2wewillrememberthosedayswhenweplayedbythesea.(作状语),提醒二：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。,1HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoknowsFrench(theonlyone为先行词)2HeisoneofthestudentswhoknowFrench(students为先行词),提醒三：关系代词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语（这时介词不能在关系代词前）时常可省略。,Theboy(that/who/whom)wesawlastnightwasTom,提醒四：定语从句常见错误,1缺先行词：Isthisschoolthatyouvisitedlastyear?该句缺先行词，应在school后面加上theone,2缺引导词：Chineseeatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth应在children后面加上who关系代词作主语时不能省略,3成分重复：ThisisthehousewhereIlivedthereyearsago.Where和there句子成分重复，应去掉there,提醒五关系副词和关系代词的判断方法关系副词和关系代词的选择是根据先行词在定语从句中作的成分。若是做状语，则用关系副词或“介词+which”若是作主语或宾语，则用关系代词。例如：,Iwillneverforgetthedays(that/which)IspentwithmyteacherIwillneverforgetthedayswhenIplayedwithyou,Thefactory(that/which)wevisitedyesterdaywasbuiltlastyearThefactorywhereheworkswasbuiltlastyear,Thisisthereason(that/which)shegavemefordoingitDoyouknowthereasonswhyhecamelate?,但要注意在以下8种情况下,指物时用that不用which,who,注意！,1.先行词是all,any,everything,anything,nothing,something,much,little,few,none,theone等时,Thereismuchthatshouldbeused.Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.,2.先行词被all,any,no,only,little,much,very,every,some,few,none等修饰时,Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.Everydictionarythatourlibraryboughtisgood.,3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.,4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。,Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.TheGreatWallisthelastplacethatMr.SmithisgoingtovisitbeforeheleavesBeijing.,5.在以which,who作主语的特殊疑问句中的定语从句中,Whoisthemanthatisreadingabookthere?Whichisthemagazinethatyouborrowedfromthereadingroom?,6.当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的词时,Wetalkedofthethingsandpersonsthatweremembered.,7.当先行词在定语从句中做表语时,无论先行词是人还是物,Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatshewas.,8.主句以therebe开头时,ThereislittlethatIcandotomakeupforthelosttime.,不用that的场合如下：1）非限制性定语从句中:是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立Lastnight,Isawaverygoodfilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.,2）介词放在关系代词之前时ThisisthemanfromwhomIlearntthenews,3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时IhavefoundthatwhichIwaslookingfor.,二、只用who的情况,One_hasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.Theones_laughatthedisabledarenotgoodstudents.Anyone_failstofinishthetaskshouldbepunished.Those_wanttogotoTheGreatWallsighuphere.,who,who,who,who,先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时用who.,定语从句必须注意的特殊例子1.先行词为situation,case,stage,point,position关系词要用where,inwhicheg.Canyouimagingthesituationwhere/inwhichyoucanusetheword.,2.先行词为way,关系词要用that,inwhich或省略eg.Doyouknowtheway(that/inwhich/-)heworkedtheproblem.,3.定语从句的必须注意的两个句型。Isthisschooltheonewevisitedthatyear?Isthistheschoolthatwevisited