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索引(之二) 【分类号】法律帝国 【分类名】法学 【书名】法律帝国 【著者】美德沃金 【译者】李常青 【出版社】中国大百科全书出版社 【出版日期】199601 Law,theories of,See conventionlism;Integrity,law as;Legal realism; Plain-fact view of law;positivism,legal;Pragmatism,legal;semantictheories of law法律理论,见因袭主义;作为整体的法律;法律现实主义;法律事实昭然论;法律实证主义;法律实用主义;法律语义学理论 Law as integrity,See Integrity,law as作为整体的法律,见作为整体的 法律 Law as interpretive concept;and analysis of interpretation;law inwicked places;and force of law;and law as integrity;and chain of law; and liberal-conservative distinction;and interpretivist- noniterpretivist distinction作为阐释性概念的法律,8789、9092、410411;阐释的分析;50;在邪恶地方的法律,101102;法律的约束力,111;作为整体的法律,226227、228;法律的锁链,228238、239、313;自由主义与保守主义的区别,357358;阐释主义者与非阐释主义者的区别,360 Lawsuits:significance of;issues raised in;under unilateralism;Seealso Cases;Hard case法律诉讼:的意义,13;在中所提出的问题,3; 根据单一主义,143,也见案例;疑难案件 Law of unintended inyury:economic theory of(see also Economictheory on uninteaded damage);and utilitarianism;egolitarioninterpretation of;and resource egalitarianism;antiliberalism argumentfrom.非故意伤害法:的经济理论276285;310(也见过失损害赔偿的经济理论);功利主义,288295;的平等主义阐释,295309、312;资源平等主义,297298、299、301309、312、403404;根据反自由主义的论点,441444注释20 Leader,Sheldon,谢尔登利德 Legal conventions,See also Conventionalism法律惯例,也见因袭主义 Legal language flexibility of法律语言的灵活性,104105 Legal philossphy,see jurisprudence法哲学,见法理学 Legal positivism,See Positivism legal法律实证主义,见法律实证主义 Legal practice:as argumentative;identifying of ;and rise ofSupreme Court;constraints on noncomputabitity of法律实践:作为可有争议的,13;的鉴别,9091;在中的惯例,120124;法律实用主义,158160;作为整体的法律,225;最高法院的崛起,356;对的抑制,401403、410;的不可计算性,412 Legal realism;vs.Law as integrity;critical legal studies法律现实主义,3637、153、161162;对比作为整体的法律,228;批判法学,272 Legal rights See Rights,legal法律权利 Legal theory:aspects of;“external” grounds and force of law in. See also Theoretiol disagreement in law:Theory of legislation法律理论:的方面,1112;“外在的”14;法律的依据和约束力,110,也见法律的 理坌哉郏涣砺?br Legislation:in concaptions of law ;as communication,see alsostatutes立法:在关于法律的各种见解中,99;作为传播,315、329、348,也见 法律 Legislation,interpretation of.See Interpretation of Legislators; Interpretation of statutes 立法阐释,见立法者阐释;法规阐释 Legislative history;of Endangred Species Act;official statement, purpose in;and passage of time; and Fourteenth Amendment rights;andprocedual due process立法史,314315;保护濒危物种法案的22 、347;关于目的的官方陈述,342347;时间的推移,350;第14条修正案所规定 的权利,388;诉讼的正当程序,405 Legislative integrity,See also Integrity立法整体性,也见整体性 Legislative responsibility 立法责任,319320、341 Legislative supremacy:as constraint; as fairness;and justice立法至上;作为抑制,401;作为公平,405;正义 Legitimacy;through tacit consent;duty to be just;through fair play; through communal obligations; and community of principle合法性,1701 92;通过默认,192193;遵循正义的义务,193;通过公平对待,193195;通过公共义务,206208;原则社会,214215,216 Lewis,David,戴维刘易斯431注释3、433注释14 Liberalism:critical legal studies on;of justices;and Hercules, 自由主义:关于批判法学,274275,440注释14、441注释20;最高法院法官的,357359;赫拉克勒斯,398399 Libertarianism;and semantic sting意志自由论(公民拥有充分自由权论),297、299、301;语义学上的棘手问题,73、76 Like cases:Like treatment of ;and political integrity.See alsoConsistency with past;Precedent类似案件:的类似处理,165;政治整体性;也见与过去保持一致;先例 Literal interpretation;as issues;as strict-conventionalistcriterion字面阐释,1718;作为争议问题,99100;作为严格因袭主义者的标准 Literary criticism,judges function compared to法官作用与文学批判相比较,228229 Literary interpretation:authors intention in;preinterpretive stagein文学阐释:在中的作者意图,59;在前阐释阶段性,60 Local priority,ininterpretive judgements在阐释性判断中的领域优先权,250254、402407、405、406 Lochner case 拉克勒案件,374、375、398 Lukes,Stephen,斯蒂芬卢克斯,425注释21 Lyons,David,戴维莱昂斯,431注释4 Mcloughhin case:and naturallaw interpretation;andlegalpositivism;and protected expectation;in law as integrity;andlegalconvention;and soft conventionalism;and strict conventionalism;andconsistencywithpast;under unilateralism;and surprise;and legalpragmatism;and integrity;and integrity vs.pragmatism;and chain of law ;Herculestreatment of麦克洛克林案件,2329、38、39;自然法的阐释,37; 对预见予以保护,118;在作为整体的法律中,120;法律惯例,122;不明显的因袭主义,126;严格的因袭主义,131;与过去保持一致,133;根据单一主义,142;意外,142,143;法律实用主义,159、162163;整体性,177;整体性 对比实用主义,220;法律的锁链,238239;赫拉克勒斯的处理办法,240250、258259、268271 Madison,James, 詹姆斯麦迪逊,436注释9 Majoritarian system;integrity in and utilitarianism;vs. constitutional rights;and passivism;in Herculesapproach;and fairness .See also Democracy多数主义制度;在中的整体性,165,177178;功利主义,290291;对比宪法权利,356;消极主义,373377;赫拉克勒斯的方法,398;公平435注释3,也见民主 “Making law”:vs.theoretical disagreement;and conventionalism;and law as integrity;consistency with past in.See also Gaps in law ;Hardcases“创造”法律:对比理论性的争论,56;因袭主义,117、119、126、 131132、142;作为整体的法律,119120;在与过去保持一致中,132133, 也见法律中的空白;疑难案件。 Marbury v.Madison马伯雷诉墨迪逊,370 Market-smulating rules;in duty to maximize wealth;inutilitarianism;and egalitarianism市场刺激规则,277;在使财富最大限度地增长的义务中,286288;在功利主义中,288295;平等主义,295、300309 Marshall,John, 约翰马歇尔,356357 Marxism:and justice;as outside law马克思主义:正义,74、75、425注释21;作为外部的法律,408 Meaning:in interpretive attitude;of practice vs.individuals;andextension本义:在阐释性的态度中,47、50;的实践对比个人,5455, 6365;延伸,71 Meaning of law,See also Semantic theoriesof law法律的含义,也见法律的语义学理论 Melamed,A.Douglas,A.D.梅拉梅德,444注释4、5 Mental states of legislators;communciation of;and Herudersmethod ;counterfactual;and legislation as communication;and historicism.See also intentions of legislators立法者的心理状态,314、318、321324、 325336;的传播,315;赫拉克勒斯的方法,316;非实际的,325327、 328;作为传播的立法,348;历史主义,361,也见立法者意图 Mill,James,詹姆斯米尔,435注释2 Miller,Jonathan,乔纳森米勒,421注释7 Morality:in legal judgment;and plain-fact view of law;andMcloughlin case precedent;vs.policy;and natural law theory;skepticismtoward;vs.taste;and law;vs conventionalism;in interpretation ofconventions;and soft conventionalism;in legal pragmatism;and polticalintegrity;of personified community; and politicl obligation; associative obligations in;in fairness of decisions;andcompartmentalization of law;andHercules decision;academic vs. practical elaboration of;and duty of maximize wealth;utilitarianism,( see also utilitarianism);promise-keeping;and fourteenth Amendment;andliberalism,See also Political morality道德:在法律判决中,1;法律事实昭然论,7、8、9;麦克洛克林案判例,28、127;对比政策,2829;自然法理论,3536;关于的怀疑主义,7886,427注释27;对比爱好,8283;法律,9698,100,430注释5;对比因袭主义,118119;在贯例阐释中,122;不明显的因袭主义,128;在法律实用主义中,151152,160、187;政治整体性,166、189190;人格化的社会、168175;政治义务,191;在中的连带义务,196201;在公平的决定中,250;法律的部门化,252;赫拉克勒斯的决定,262;学术阐释与实际阐释相比较,285286、287、290291;使财富最大限度增长的义务,286288;功利主义,288295(也见功利主义);守诺,344345,346;第14条修正案,365;自由主义,441注释19,也见政治道德 Moral ledger 道德帐簿,306 Nagel,Thomas托马斯内格尔,174、426注释24,434注释12 Natural law theories;and morality-law connection;Justice-lawconnection in;and law as integrity;and Hercules自然法理论,3536;道德与法律的联系,98;在中正义和法律的联系,98、102;作为整体的法律, 263;赫拉克勒斯,397Nazi Germany;and rule of recognition;“law” in;and groupresponsibility纳粹德国:承认规则,35;在中的法律,102108;群体责任,172、173 Negligence law;and nuisance of law;interpretation of;(see alsoLaw of unintended damage)过失法:滋扰法,253254;的阐释,276、 292293、312(也见非故意损害法) Neglience:contributory;comparative;过失:受伤一方本身的,282283;比较的,283 Nelson,Willion,威廉纳尔逊,436注释9、10 Neurath,Otto,奥托纽拉斯,111,139, Nietzsche,Friedrich,and paradigms of justice F.尼采,正义的范例,75 Nihilism in law:semantic theoristsfear of;and law as illusion法律中的虚无主义;语义学理论家的担心,44;法作为一种幻觉,101 Novel,chain;scroogs in;“red”novel in;and law系列小说,228232;在中的斯克鲁奇,232237;在中的真正小说,238;法律,239 Nozick,Robert,罗伯特罗尼克,437注释18,19,455注释14 Nuisance law:and negligence law;interpretation of,(see also law ofunintended damage)滋扰法:过失法,253254;的阐释,276、292293、 312(也见过失损害法) Oakley,John,约翰欧克利,417注释13 Objectivity;and interpretive attitude;and hard cases;and externalskepticism,see also Empirical disagreement;Truth and falsity客观性, 8283;阐释性态度, 7678、7980、8182、疑难案件,266;外在怀疑主义,267,也见经验主义的分歧;正确与错误 Obligation.See Morality;Political morality;Political obligation义务:见道德;政治道德;政治义务 Opaqueness of statements and convictions陈述和信念的含糊性,331332,362 Paradigms;of justice;of law;conventionalist;and interpretiveattitude;conservation of species as;and hard vs.easy cases.See alsopivotal cases范例,7273;正义的,7576;法律的、88、89、90、9192;因袭主义者,121;阐释性态度,138139;作为物种保护,341;疑难案件对比 简易案件,354,也见核心案件 Parental domination;as integrity example;and equal protection父母支配:作为整体性的例子,202、203、204205;平等保护,402 Parfit,Derek,德克帕菲特424注释19 Parliament,and statutory interpretation国会和法规阐释,343 passivism in constitutional adjudication;issues in;and fairness; and justice;and affirmative action;and Hercules宪法判决中的消极主义,369378;在中的问题,370;公平,374、376378;正义,374376;积极 行动,396;赫拉克勒斯 performative acts:promise as;legislation as可履行的行为:作为的许诺,344345;作为的立法,346 Perry,M.,M.佩里,450注释5 Personification of community or state,and political integrity;国家或共同体的人格化和政治整体性,167175、186187、225、296 Phliosophy of law:See jurisprudence法哲学、见法理学 Pivotal cases:vs.“borderline”defense of positivism;anddisagreament;See also paradigms核心案件:对比实征主义的模棱两可的辩护, 4143;分歧,45,也见范例 Plain-fact view of law;and sample cases;and semantic,positivisttheories;on judges opinions;and Marshalls dictum 法律事实昭然论,6 11;典型案例,15、20、31;语义学理论和实证主义理论,31、33、37、39、40; 根据法官的见解,90;马歇尔的意见,356 Plessy v.Ferguson普雷西诉弗格森,2430、118119、376、379、387、 389、399 “Point”(purpose):and interpretation;of law;of judicial decision; of statute.See also Purpose“要领”(目的):阐释,5859;的法律, 8788、94、95、141、150、356;的司法判决,138;的法规,343, 也见目的 Policy arguments;in Mcloughlin case;vs.principle;and legalremedies;in legislation vs.adjudication.See also Economic theory onunintended damage政策论证:在麦克洛克林案件中,2729;对比原则,221 224、243244、310312、338339、381;法律救济,390;对比在立法中和 判决中,410,也见过失损害的经济理论 Polinsky,M.,M.波林斯基,445注释7 Political morality:issues of;and Brown case;and law as integrity; and conceptions of law;and wicked law;vs.pretected expectations;andsurprise;vs.force of law;and explicit announcing of principle;andhard cases;and interpretation;and statutory interpretation;inconstitutional interpretation;in utopian legal politics.See alsomorality政治道德:的争议,7;布朗案件,30;作为整体的法律,96、239、263;关于法律的各种见解,101;邪恶的法律,105、108;对比对预见予以保护,117;意外,141;对比法律的约束力,218219;原则的明示,247248;疑难 案件,256258;阐释,260、378、411;法规阐释, 316、319320、343、345346;在宪法阐释中,366367,374;在乌托邦法律政治中,408409,也见道德 Political obligation;and assoicative obligations;and emigration政治义务,191;连带义务,196、201、205206、216;移民,207 Politics:Law as,8,910;of adjudication,12,380381;and borderlinecases,41;as debate,211政治:作为的法律8、910;判决12、380381;含糊两可情况41,争论211 Popper,karl,卡尔波普尔421注释4 Positivism,legal,3335,3743;and justicelaw connection,98;and wicked law.102;inflexible use in 104;and nature of law vs.force of law, 109;and law as authority 429n3;and democracy,432n6.See also Semantictheories of law法律实证主义,3335、3743;正义和法律的联系98;道德和法律的联系98;邪恶的法律102;灵活使用104;法律的性质与法律的约束力,109;作为整体的法律,429注释3;民主432注释6;也参见法律的语义学理论 Posner,Richard,理查德波斯纳,444注释1;445注释7 Postema,G.,G.波斯特马443注释13 Postinterpretive stage,66,legal issues in,99101;conventionalistclaims in,116,117;in interpretation of Constitution 358前释阐阶段,66;法律问题99;因袭主义者在心中的主张,116、117、宪法释阐358 Powell,H.J.,H.J.鲍威尔452注释22 Powell,lewis,2223路易斯鲍威尔 Pragmatism,legal,95,151153,158160,161,410;and justicelawconnection 98;and conventionalism,147150,157,161,162,264;andmorality 151152,160,187;as-if strategy of,152153,154155,158,160 164;and prospective rulemaking,155157;and development of legalculture,157;and law as integrity 220,225,226,244,261,410,411;andcompartmentalization,251; activism as,378;法律实用主义95、151153,158 160,161,410;正义和法律的关系98;因袭主义,147180、157、161、162、 264;道德151152、160、187;似乎策略152153、154155、158、160164;未来的法规制定,155157;法律文化的发展,157;作为整体的法律,220、 225、226、244、261、410、411;部门划分,251;预报行动主义378 Precedent;relaxed doctrine of 24,2526;strict doctrince of,2426,401;and convergence of interpretation,88;in conception of law,99;andconventionalism,115,121122,123,130,131132;disagreemet overinterpretation of,122;and consistenlcy with past,132,133134;changesin doctrince of 138;in legalpragmative view,148,154155,158159, 162;in Herculesapproach,240250,258259,337,399,401402;asconstraint,401;as procedural due process,405,See also Chian of law先例:不严格的先例原则24、2526;严格的先例原则,2426、401;阐释的趋同现象,88;法律的见解,99;因袭主义,151、121122、123、130、131132;关于阐释的分歧,122;与过去保持一致,132、133134;学说的变化,138; 法律实用主义的见解,148、154155、158159、162;赫拉克勒斯的见解240 250、258259、337、399、401402;抑制,401;诉讼的正当程序,405, 也参见法律的锁链 predictability:vs.flexibility,146150,154,throughcompart mentalization, 252,value of,367368.See also protcetedexpectation.预测性:灵活性,146150、154;通过部分划分252;价值,367 368,也见对预见予以保护 predictive hypothesis,judges opinion as 3637预言性假设,法官的见解,3637 Preinterpretive stage,6566;for justise,75;as contingent andlocal,91;for law,91,92;and Nazi“law”,103,104,105;正义75;暂时性和局部性的,91;法律91、92;纳粹“法律”103、104、105 Principle:and compromise,179184,435n7;community of 211,213214 ,404,406(see also community of principle);in political integrity,221 234;vs.policy 221,224,243244,310312,338339,381;contradictory vs .competitive,241,268269,274;explicit recognition of,247248;inutilitarian justification,290,see also rights原则:妥协,179184、435 注释7;社会211,213214、404、406(也参见原则社会);政治整体性,221 224;对比政策,221、224、243244、310312、338339、381;矛盾的对比 竞争的,241、268269、274;明确承认247248;功利主义的正当理由290,也 参见权利 Procedural due process,166167;in conflict with other values,177 178,404;and integrity in adjudication,218219;in law as integrity, 225,243;in Hercules,interpretation,338;in political integrity,404405; and pure integrity;诉讼的正当程度,166167;与其他价值冲突,177178、 404;判决中的整体性,218219;作为整体的法律,225、243;赫拉克里斯的阐释,338;政治整体性404405;完美的整体性,406 Promise:and resporsiblities of public officials,174175;statutesa s,344345,许诺:公共官员的义务,174175;法规344345 Property:abstract rights in,293,300301(See also rights);inconceptions of equality,296,297301;and equality of resources,297 298,299,407;policy vs.principle on,310311,See also law of uninten- ded injury财产:抽象权利,293、300301(参见权利);关于平等的见解,296、297301;资源平等;297298、299、407;政策对比原则,310311, 参见非故意伤害法。 Propositions of law ,34;grounds of 4,6,11(See also grounds oflaw);truth or falsity of 45,32,417n5;semantic theories on 31,3244 :and causation analogy 3132;and core vs.penumbral uses,3943,419n34; and pivotol case,4143;in law as integrity,225法律的命题,34;依据,4、 6、11(参见法律的依据);正或误,45、32、417注释5;语义学理论,31、 3244;因果关系类推,3132;核心用法和边缘用法,3943、419注释34;重大案件4143;作为整体的法律,225 protected expectations:as conventionalist ideal,117118,119,120, 129130,139140;and soft conventionalism,128;and democracy,140; fairness of,140142;and predictability vs.flexibility,143150对预见予以保护;作为因袭主义的理想,117118、119、120、129130、139140; 不明显的因袭主义,128;民主,140;公平140142;预见性对比灵活性,143 150 Protestant attitude toward law 413;and integrity,190;andcompartmentalization 252;对法律表示异议的态度413;整体性,190;部门划分 252;pure integrity,405407;完美的整体性 Purpose:and interpretation,5052,56,5859,62,65,228;instatutory interpretation,100;in legislative history,334347;inFourteenth Amendment,365.See also Intention;“Point”,目的:阐释5052、 56、5859、62、65、228;法规阐释,100,立法史334347;第14条修正案,365, 参见目的;“要点” Quine,w.v.o.,w.v.o.奎因421注释3,447注释6 Quotas system.See afirmative action名额制度,则积极行动Racial discrimination:and associative obligation,204;constitutionalright against,382387;种族歧视;连带义务,204;宪法权利,382387; Racial segregated education;and “discovered”vs.“invented”law,6; and Brown case,2930,387389(See also Brown case);and busing.221,392; and Supreme Court role,357;and histroicist interpretation,360361,362 363;and fainess,377;remedies against,389392;and affirmative action, 393397.种族隔离教育:“发现法律”对比创造法律”,6;布朗案件,2930、387389(参见布朗案);用车接送221、392;最高法院的作用,357;历史学家阐释,360361、362363;公平,337;补救方法389392;肯定行动393 397 Pationality requirement,of contitution,382,383,397宪法的理性要求, 382,383,397 Rawls,John,约翰罗尔斯,192,193,440注释19,424注释17,435注释1,437 注释16、17、18 Raz,Joseph,约瑟夫拉兹424注释18,428注释1,429注释3 Realism,legal,see legal realism;现实主义,法律的,见法律现实主义 Reasonable-person rule,280282,284,306307,明智人规则,280282、 284、306307 Repair,9;and politivist view,38、40;修补,9;实证主义见解,38、40 Resources,equality of资源平等,297298、299、301309、312、403 404、407408 Responsibility:institutional 168171,189;collective 172173,175 ;of political officials,173175;principle of 269267;public vs. private,295296,299300,309310(See also rights,legal);legislative ,319320义务、责任:机构的168171,189;集体的,172173、175;原则269 270;公共的对比私人的,295296、299300、309310(参见权利、法律); 立法的,319320,341 Reverse discrimination,See Affirmative action反对歧视,见肯定行动 Rights:in simulated markets 227;vs.collective strategies,292293. 381382;and comparative cost,307308,309;and constitutionalpastivism, 375,376378;and remedies,390;munal good,408,See also principle 权利:刺激市场227;对比集体策略,292293,381392;相对代价,307308、 309;宪法消极主义,375、376378;补救方法,390;对比公共利益408,参见原则 Right,legal,93,152;and conventionalism,95,152;vs.other forms ofright,117;and legal pragmatism,152153,154155,158,160164;and lawas integrity,224;abstract(prima facie),293,296,301,306,310,312: judicial protection of 356;and historicism,368369;against racialdiscrimination,382392;enforcement of,390392;as protectingfairness vs.justise,451 nll.权利,法律的,93、152;因袭主义95、152;权利的其他形式,117;法律实用主义,152153、154155、158、160164;作为整体的法律,244;抽象的(初步的,表面的)293、296、301、306、310、312; 司法保护356;历史主义,368369;反对种族歧视,382392;实施390392;保护公平对比保护正义,451注释11 Rights,political:and personification of community,173174;andintegrity,223;and policy,311312.权利、政治的:人格化的社会173174; 整体性,223;政策,311312 Rope analogy:and institution of courtesy,6970;and Nazi“law”,103 ,See also Chain of law 绳索类比:礼貌的惯例,6970;纳粹“法律”103;参 见法律的锁链 Rousseau,Jean Jacq

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