2014中考复习专题 现在完成时公开课.ppt

现在完成时态,thepresentperfecttense,1,studyenglish,howlonghaveyoubeenstudyingenglish?,ihavebeenstudyingenglishforthreeyears.,(2011-now),whendidyoustartstudyingenglish?,in2011,2,现在完成时presentperfecttense,构成:,助动词have/has+过去分词,1.肯定句现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）过去分词”。注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。,eg.hehaseatensupper.,theyhaveeatensupper.,3,2.疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。(回答用“yes，-have/has“no，-havent/hasnt”）3.否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是“havent/hasnt过去分词”。,eg.hasheeatensupper?,yes,hehas./no,hehasnt.,eg.hehasnteatensupper.,theyhaventeatensupper.,4,现在完成时态的分类,用法一、1。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,（强调结果现在还存在）例如ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）ihavejusthadmybreakfast.(对现在的影响：不饿)hashehadhisbreakfast?yes,hehas.whendidhehavehisbreakfast?hehadbreakfastat6:00.,5,1.myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.now,ihavealottoreadbecause_2.isawthisfilmlastweek.now,iknowthisfilmbecausei_.3.ididmyhomeworkyesterday.now,icangiveittotheteacherbecausei_,myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme.,haveseenitbefore,havedoneit.,6,通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just(谓语动词之前)（刚刚）,already（已经(肯定句)）,before,yet（一般疑问(句末）：已经；否定句：还）never,ever(疑问句)twicerecently(近来）等状语连用1tomhasalreadyfinishedhishomework.tomhasntfinishedhishomeworkyet.2ihavejusthadmylunch.shehasntseenyoubefore.3haveyouevereatenfish?ihavenevereatenfishihaveneverheardofthatbefore.haveyoueverriddenahorse?shehasalreadyfinishedthework.haveyoumilkedthecowyet?yes,ihavedonethatalready.ivejustfinishedmyhomework.hehasnotcomeyet.,7,exercises,1.i_(have)lunchalready.2.thetrain_(arrive)yet?3.tom_never_(be)tochina.4.thetwin_just_(see)myfather.5.thetwins_(see)myfatherjustnow.6._youever_(ride)ahorse?never.,havehad,hasarrived,has,been,has,seen,saw,haveridden,8,7._you_(clean)theroom?yes,we_(do)thatalready.when_you_(do)it?we_(do)itanhourago.8._he_(see)thisfilmyet?no.when_he_(see)it?he_ittomorrow.9.howmanytimes_you_(come)here?once.,have,cleaned,havedone,did,do,did,has,seen,will,see,willsee,have,come,9,1你已经问过这个问题两边了，别再烦我了。2我能借你的字典用一下吗？对不起，已经借给tom了。3你以前见过她吗？不，从来没有过。4你曾经去过北京吗？是的我去过那儿三次。5你已经看完那本小说了吗？是的，我已经把它还给图书馆了。,10,用法二：,表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。a动词使用延续性动词。b和表时间段的时间状语连用。常与for或since引导的时间连用sofar,upto/tillnow,inthelast/past+一段时间，alloneslife,bynow,thesedays,thesedays、fortwoyears、since1984、sincehecamehereihaventseenherthesedays.shehaslearntenglishfor3years/since3yearsago.theyhavelivedheresince1990.whathashappenedtotheusainthelast350years?,11,注意：(1)since一段时间agofor时间段;sincetwoweeksago=fortwoweeks;ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek.=ihavekeptthelibrarybooksinceaweekago.(2)since+时间点for时间段since2000=foryears(3)since+从句(常用一般过去时)thegreenshavelivedinbeijingsincetheymovedtobeijingfromparis(4)itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了.itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.,12,一、用for和since填空。,_threehours_threeoclock_twodays_yesterdayafternoon_icamehere_lastsunday,_aweek_alongtime_1997_twoweeks_threeyearsago_lastmonth,for,since,for,since,since,since,for,for,since,for,since,since,13,用for和since填空,theyhavebeenlearningchinese_theycametochina.2.ihaventseenher_alongtime.3.hehasbeenlivinghere_2001.4.shehasbeendoingherhomework_twohours.5.its5years_weleftschool.6.howlonghasmarybeenateacher?_twoyearsago.,haveatry,since,for,since,for,since,since,14,用for或since填空。1.jillhasbeeninireland_monday.2.jillhasbeeninireland_threedays.3.myaunthaslivedinaustralia_15days.4.margaretisinheroffice.shehasbeenthere_7oclock.5.indiahasbeenanindependentcountry_1974.6.thebusislate.wevebeenwaiting_20minutes.7.nobodylivesinthosehouses.theyhavebeenemptymanyyears.8.mikehasbeenill_alongtime.hehasbeeninhospital_october9.itstenyears_wemeteachotherlasttime.10.hehastaughtenglish_25years.11.thegreenshavelivedonthefarm_1990.12.theyhavebeenpracticingtheguitar_twohours.13.howlonghaveyoubeenareporter?_8yearsago.14.ihaventgoneforawalkinthepark_alongtime.15.hesbeencollectingstamps_hewasinprimaryschool.16.peterhasbeentosummercamp_3times.,15,1我自从上周三以来都没有看过电视了。2教室这么脏，谁没有扫？3我自从98年来这儿，一直在二中教英语。4她自从三岁开始一直在这儿住。5在刚刚过去的半年里我已经教了许多好朋友。6你爸爸在那个工厂工作多久了？自从我们99年搬家来这儿。,16,三、非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,gettoknow,go,join,leave,marry等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。hejoinedthepartyfiveyearsago.hehasbeeninthepartyforfiveyears.hehasbeenapartymemberforfiveyears.itisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheparty电影开始五分钟了。thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.itisfiveminutessincethefilmbegan,17,常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变,第一类：动词be+adj.diefinishopen/closefallill/asleepmarrysb/getmarriedto第二类：动词be+介词.start/beginleavejoin,bedead,beawayfrom,bein/beamemberof,beopen/closed,beon,beover,beill/asleep,bemarriedto,18,第三类：动词另一个动词buyborrowget/beginto延续性v.becomeputoneg.,keep,have,be,延续性v.,wear,19,hisfatherdied2yearsago.thefootballmatchbeganat9:00a.m.thetwinsjoinedthearmywhentheywere18yearsold.myteacherleftnanjing3daysago.,hisfatherhasbeendeadfor2years/sincetwoyears.,thefootballmatchhasbeenonsince9:00a.m.,thetwinshavebeensoldiers/inthearmy、membersofthearmysincetheywere18yearsold.,myteacherhasbeenawayfromnanjingfor3days/since3daysago.,20,巧记瞬间性动词的转换“开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，开开关关变结束。”,21,结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语arriveat/insp/getto/reachsp/come/go/movetospbeinsp/atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/betherehegottobeijingfiveminutesago.hebeijingfor.2)imovedtotheusain2008.itheusasince.3)iwenthomeyesterday.ihomefor.4)theycameherelastweek.they_heresince_.cometo/gobackto/returntobebacktogooutbeouthecameouttwoyearsago.he_for_.2)wereturntobeijingyesterday.we_tobeijingsince_.becomebeibecameateacherin2000.i_ateacherfor_.2)theriverbecamedirtylastyear.theriver_dirtyfor_.closebeclosedopenbeopentheshopclosedtwohoursago.theshop_for_.2)thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.thedoor_forsixhours.,22,getupbeup;diebedead;leavesp.beawayfromsp.fallasleep/gettotsleepbeasleep;finish/endbeover;marrybemarried;1)igotuptwohoursago.i_since_.2)heleftshanghaijustnow.he_shanghaiforfiveminutes.3)mygrandpadiedin2002.mygrandpa_for_.4)themeetingfinishedatsix.themeeting_forsixhours.5)igottosleeptwohoursago.i_since_.6)theymarriedin1990.they_since_.start/begintodosth.dosth.;beginbeon1)ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.i_atthisschoolsince_.2)thefilmbegantwominutesago.thefilm_for_.,23,borrowkeep;losenothave;buyhave;putonwearcatch/getacoldhaveacold;gettoknowknow1)theyborroweditlastweek.they_itsince_.2)iboughtapentwohoursago.i_apenfor_.3)igottoknowhimlastyear.i_himsince_.4)iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.i_myglassesfor_.have/hasgonetohavebeeninhehasgonetobeijing.he_beijingfortwodays.jointheleague/theparty/thearmybealeaguemember/apartymember/asoldierbeamemberoftheleague/thepartybeintheleague/theparty/thearmy1)hejoinedtheleaguein2002.he_a_fortwoyears.he_a_the_fortwoyears.he_theleaguefortwoyears.2)mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.mybrother_a_for_.mybrother_in_fortwoyears.,24,注意点四：havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法1、have(has)beenin表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：mr.brownhasbeeninshanghaiforthreedays.布朗来上海已经有三天了。theyhavebeenincanadaforfiveyears.他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。maryhasneverbeentothegreatwall.玛丽从未去过长城。haveyoueverbeentohangzhoubefore?你以前曾经去过杭州吗？have(has)beento后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：-whereistom?-hehasgonetothebookshop.他到书店去了。jackjohnsonhasgonetolondon.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。,25,have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto的用法区别,1“have/hasbeento+地名”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，常与once、twice、ever、never等时间连用。2“have/hasgoneto+地名”表示去某地了，现在没有回答，人不在说话地点。巧记：beento，goneto意不同，两者用法要记清；havebeento+地名，曾经到过某地行；havegoneto+地点，到某地去了一走远。,用have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto填空hi，lucy，youeverbeijing？no，i.whataboutyoursister，lily？oh，shechengdu，shewillcomebacknextweek.ok，thanks.yourewelcome.,havebeento,havent,hasgoneto,用法四,26,用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各种形式填空.1)whereisjackhe_hiscountry.2)david_theparkjustnow.3)john_englandsincehecameback.4)howlong_they_thisvillage5)thesmiths_beijingforyears.6)_yingforyears.6)_youever_america-yes,i_theremanytimes.7)i_thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8)whereisjimhe_thefarm.9)when_he_he_anhourago.10)wouldyouliketo_tothezoowithme-yes,buti_therebefore.11)where_you_now-i_tothezoo.12)heoften_swimming.13)_you_therelastyear14)_theyoften_skatinginwinter,27,试一试，用所给词的正确形式填空1i（live）heresinceiwastenyearsold.2i（live）herein1998.-youyourbreakfast？-yes，ihave.-whenyouit？-30minutesago.,注意现在完成时的几个特殊方面：（一）现在完成时与一般现在时的区别,havelived,lived,have,had,did,have,现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。一）现在完成时与一般现在时的句型转换eg：ihavestudiedenglishforthreeyears-istudiedenglishthreeyearsago-itisthreeyearssinceistudiedenglish,28,注意点一：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,lastnight,twoweeksago等试比较：theplanehasarrived.飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）theplanearrivedaquarterago.飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）ihavetaughthereforfifteenyears.我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）itaughthereforayear.我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）,29,用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1.mary_(lose)herpen._you_(see)ithereandthere?2._you_(find)yourwatchyet?3.-areyouthirsty?-no,i_just_(have)someorange.4.we_already_(return)thebook.5._they_(build)anewschoolinthevillage?6.-hastomtaughtyouenglish?-yes,he_(teach)usenglishfortwoyears.7.i_(notfinish)myhomeworkyet.canyouhelpme?8.what_they_(do)withthenewspaper?theyhavereadthem.9.-thedoorisopen.who_(open)it?doyouknow?-sorry,idontknow.10.myfather_(read)thenoveltwice.11.wudong_(be)asoldierforoneyear.12.thestudents_(study)inthemiddleschoolsincelastmonth.13.howlong_you_(know)him?14.mike_(make)quiteafewfriendssincehecametochina.15.i_(give)myfriendanicebookrecently.16.lipingandwudong_(see)theoldmanthreetimes.17._sheever_(teach)youenglish?18.thesechildren_(stay)intheparkfortwohours.,30,1.a：你收集贝壳有多长时间了？b:自从我上中学以来。a：howlong_you_shells?b：_i_tomiddleschool.2.我滑冰已有五个小时了。i_5hours.3.a:这是你首次参加滑冰马拉松吗?b:不,去年我参加过。a:wasthisyour_?b:no，i_ina_lastyear.4.a:你什么时候得到第一双溜冰鞋？b:3年前。a:whendidyou_yourfirst_?b:threeyearsago.5.a:他游泳有多长时间了？b:他已游了半小时了。a:howlong_he_?b:he_halfanhour.,havebeencollecting,sincewent,havebeenskatingfor,firstskatingmarathon,skatedmarathon,getpairofskates,hasbeenswimming,hasbeenswimmingfor,31,6.你上网多久了?7.我上网三小时了。8.你什么时候开始集邮的？9.我五年前开始集邮的。10.他收集贝壳十年了。,howlonghaveyoubeensurfingtheinternet?,ivebeensurfingtheinternetforthreehours.,whendidyoustartcollectingstamps?,istartedcollectingstampsfiveyearsago.,hehasbeencollectingshellsfortenyears.,32,11、他一直在这条街住了近20年了。12、我打扫房间已经扫了3个小时了。13、自从4岁起我就一直学英语。14、你六点起就一直在给他讲电话？15、雨下多久了？,ihavebeencleaningtheroomforthreehours.,hehasbeenlivinginthestreetforabout20years.,ivebeenstudyingenglishsinceiwas4yearsold.,haveyoubeentalkingwithhimonthephonesince6:00p.m.?,howlonghasitbeenraining?,33,1.shes_(live)hereeversinceshewasten.2.bothofthem_(be)inhongkongfortendays.3.bothofthem_(come)tohongkongtendaysago.4.halfanhour_(pass)sincethetrain_(leave).5.mary_(lose)herpen._you_(see)ithereandthere6._you_(find)yourwatchyet7.-areyouthirsty-noi_just_(have)someorange.8.we-already_(return)thebook.9._they_(build)anewschoolinthevillage10.i_(notfinish)myhomework.canyouhelpme11.myfather_(read)thenoveltwice.12.i_(buy)abookjustnow.13.i_(lost)mywatchyesterday.14.myfather_(read)thisbooksinceyesterday,34,句型转换。1、hehasneversurfed,?（改成反意疑问句）2、theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)-havetheybeenhere?3、theoldman_lastyear.heforayear.(die)4、thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)thisfactory_fortwentyyears.5、missgaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)missgao_anhourago.6、hermotherhasbeenapartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）hermother_thepartythreeyears_.7、thegreenfamilymovedtofrancetwoyearsago.(同义句转换)_twoyears_thegreenfamilymovedtofrance.8、thebushasarrivedhere.itarrivedtenminutesago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)_,35,1hisfatherdiedtwoyearsago.hisfather_fortwoyears.2.hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears._threeyearssincehe_thearmy.3.ibegantostudyatthisschoolfiveyearsago.i_atthisschool_fiveyears.4.haveyouevervisitedbeijing?haveyouever_?5.iamateacher.ibecameateacherfiveyearsago.i_forfiveyears.i_fiveyearsago.6.iboughtthecarfiveyearsago.i_thecarforfiveyears.7.ihaveborrowedanewbookfromtheschoollibrary.i_anewbookfromtheschoollibraryfortwodays.8.theboyhascomeback.theboy_foranhour.9.thefilmhasbegun.thefilm_fiveminutes.10.themaninahathasleft.themaninahat_halfanhourag