青岛市海情酒店空调系统及防排烟系统设计

常州大学本科生毕业设计1 引言1.1设计概况设计题目：青岛市海情酒店空调系统及防排烟系统设计本设计为青岛市海情酒店空调系统及防排烟系统设计，总空调面积894.4m2，共七层。本工程所在地区室外气象条件如下：夏季：空调干球温度29，空调湿球温度26，通风温度27，室外风速4.9m/s。冬季：空调计算温度-9，相对湿度64%，通风温度-1，室外风速5.7m/s。土建资料：外墙：实用供热空调设计手册2中表11.4-1中79号墙体；内墙：为表11.4-3中2号墙体。屋面：实用供热空调设计手册2中表11.4-2中48号，表面为中间色。地面：120mm现浇混凝土板上装木地板；楼板每层都有吊顶。窗户：3mm普通玻璃单层钢框窗，高1.8m，内侧有中间色的浅蓝布帘。玻璃门：8mm普通玻璃门。内门按照内墙计算。冷热源： （1）冷源：制冷机组获取冷冻水， （2）热源：锅炉提供热水。总冷负荷161791.5W，总热负荷245000W。设计任务：建筑物的空调系统及防排烟系统设计。2 空调负荷计算空调系统的作用是平衡室内、外干扰因素的影响，使室内温度、湿度维持为设定的数值。在空调技术中将这些干扰因素对室内的影响称为负荷。空调负荷计算的目的在于确定空调系统的送风量并作为选择空调设备（例如空气处理机组中的冷却器、加热器、加湿器等）容量的基本依据。空调的负荷分为冷负荷、热负荷和湿负荷三种。冷负荷是指为了维持室内设定的温度，在某一时刻必须由空调系统从房间带走的热量，或者某一时刻需要向房间供应的冷量；热负荷是指为补偿房间失热在单位时间内需要向房间供应的热量；湿负荷是指湿源向室内的散湿量，即为维持室内的含湿量恒定需要从房间除去的湿量。2.1 室外计算参数夏季：空调干球温度29，空调湿球温度26，通风温度27，室外风速4.9m/s。冬季：空调计算温度-9，相对湿度64%，通风温度-1，室外风速5.7m/s。2.2 室内计算参数表2.1 空调房间设计参数房间使用性质夏季冬季新风量/m3/(h人)干球温度/相对湿度/% 干球温度/相对湿度/%大厅2655 204020门面活动室26265555202040402020单身公寓26552040 202.3空调冷负荷计算四层活动室冷负荷计算 下面以四层活动室为例进行空调冷负荷的计算。2.3.1外墙和屋顶瞬变传热引起的冷负荷在日射和室外的气温综合作用下，外墙瞬变传热引起的逐时冷负荷可按下式计算：CL=KF(twl,-tNx).(2-1) twl,=(twl+td)kk.(2-2) 式中：CL屋顶瞬变传热形成的逐时冷负荷，W；K外墙传热系数(W/k)；根据外墙和屋顶的不同构造，由附录51和附录61中查取；F外墙的传热面积（m2）；t,wl墙和屋顶冷负荷计算温度的逐时值（）；tNx夏季空气调节室内计算温度（）；twl以北京地区的气象条件为依据计算出的外墙和屋顶冷负荷计算温度的逐时值（），根据外墙和屋顶的不同类型分别在附录71和附录81中查取；td不同类型构造外墙和屋顶的地点修正值（），根据不同的涉及地点在空调负荷使用计算法表3-5中查取；k外表面放热系数修正值，在表3-71中查取0=3.5+5.6v=3.5+5.64.9=30.94（wm2k)(v=4.9ms) .（2-3）k外表面吸收系数修正值，在表3-81中查取，考虑到城市大气污染和中浅颜色的耐久性差，建议吸收系数一律采用=0.90，k=1.0。由题意可知，屋顶类型为类，由附录8查得北京地区屋顶的冷负荷计算温度逐时值twl,即可按式（2-1）和（2-2）算出逐时冷负荷，计算结果列入下表2.2：表2.2 屋顶冷负荷 (单位：W)时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:00twl47.74644.242.440.638.837.135.534.133.132.733td1k1k0.94tNx26t,wl45.7844.1842.4940.8039.1037.4135.8134.3132.9932.0531.6831.96F500K0.97CL9592.338817.37996.687176.066355.445534.824759.794030.353392.092936.192753.832890.6时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:00twl3435.838.140.743.546.148.349.950.850.950.349.2td1k1k0.94tNx26t,wl32.934.5936.7539.241.8344.246.3447.8548.6948.7948.2247.19F500K0.97CL3346.54167.125215.696401.037677.558862.899865.8710595.3111005.6211051.2110777.6710276.18表2.3 东北外墙冷负荷 (单位：W)时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:00twl36.236.13635.835.635.33534.734.333.933.633.5td0.7k1k0.94t,wl34.6734.5934.5034.3134.1233.8433.5633.2832.932.5232.2432.15tNx26t8.6868.5928.4988.318.1227.847.5587.2766.96.5246.2426.148K1.49F19.06CL246.6772244.0076241.3381235.999230.6599222.6513214.6427206.634195.9559185.2777177.2691174.5995 时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:00twl33.533.733.934.334.634.935.235.435.735.936.136.2td0.7k1k0.94t,wl32.1532.3432.5232.933.1833.4633.7533.9334.2234.4034.5934.67tNx26t6.1486.3366.5246.97.1827.4647.7467.9348.2168.4048.5928.686K1.49F19.06CL174.5995179.9386185.2777195.9559203.9645211.9731219.9818225.3208233.3295238.6686244.0076246.67722.3.2东北外窗瞬传热引起的冷负荷计算外玻璃窗瞬变传热引起的冷负荷；是指在室内、外温差作用下，玻璃窗瞬变传热引起的逐时冷负荷，可按下式计算：CL=kFK(tl+tn-td) .（2-4）式中 F窗口面积，； k外窗传热系数修正值； K玻璃窗的传热系数，W/()； tn室内设计温度，； tl玻璃窗冷负荷温度的逐时值，； td外窗冷负荷计算温度地点修正值，。表2.4东北外窗冷负荷时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:00tl27.226.726.225.825.525.325.42626.927.92929.9td3tn26k1F11.34K5.94CL282.9103249.2305215.5507188.6069168.399154.9271161.663202.0788262.7024330.062404.1576464.7812时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:00tl30.831.531.932.232.23231.630.829.929.128.427.8td3tn26k1F11.34K5.94CL525.4049572.5566599.5004619.7083619.7083606.2364579.2926525.4049464.7812410.8936363.7418323.32612.3.3透过玻璃窗的日射得热引起的冷负荷透过玻璃窗的日射得热引起的冷负荷，可按下式计算：CL=CaCsCnFDjmaxClq.(2-5)式中 CL日射得热引起的冷负荷，W；F外窗面积，；Ca窗有效面积系数；Cs窗玻璃的遮挡系数；Cn窗内遮阳设施的遮阳系数；Djmax太阳辐射得热因数的最大值，W；Clq外窗冷负荷系数，建筑地点在北纬2730以南的地区为南区，以北的地区为北区。表2.5东北外窗日射得热引起的冷负荷时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:00Ca0.85Cs1Cn0.6F11.34Djmax428Clq0.060.050.050.050.040.040.540.790.790.60.380.29CL148.5177123.7648123.7648123.764899.0118199.011811336.6591955.4831955.4831485.177940.6122717.8356时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:00Ca0.85Cs1Cn0.6F11.34Djmax428Clq0.290.290.270.250.210.160.120.080.070.070.060.06CL717.8356717.8356668.3297618.8238519.812396.0472297.0354198.0236173.2707173.2707148.5177148.5177 2.3.4 内围护结构冷负荷内围护结构是指内墙及内楼板，它们的冷负荷也是通过温差传热（即与邻室的温差）而产生的，可视作稳定传热，不随时间变化，可按下式计算：CL=FK(to,m-tn) .(2-6)式中 F内围护结构的计算面积，； K内围护结构的传热系数，W/()； tn室内设计温度，； to,m夏季空调室外计算日平均温度，；所以CL=622.01(33.226) =897.264W2.3.5照明散热形成的冷负荷由于采用荧光灯且荧光灯灯罩上部穿有小孔，故按下式计算：CL=1000nn,NClq.(2-7)式中 n照明灯具镇流器消耗功率系数，取n=1.0； n灯罩隔热系数，取n=0.5 Clq照明散热冷负荷系数，根据明装和暗装荧光灯及白炽灯，按照不同的空调设备运行时间和开灯时间及开灯后的小时数确定。表2.6 照明散热形成的冷负荷 (单位：W)时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:00n1n0.5N1620Clq0.340.550.610.650.680.710.740.770.790.810.830.39CL275.4445.5494.1526.5550.8575.1599.4623.7639.9656.1672.3315.9时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:00n1n0.5N1620Clq0.350.310.280.250.230.20.180.160.150.140.120.11CL283.5251.1226.8202.5186.3162145.8129.6121.5113.497.289.12.3.6 设备和用具显热散热形成的冷负荷 设备和用具显热散热形成的冷负荷可按下式计算：CL=QClq.(2-7)式中 Q设备和用具的实际显热散热量，W； Clq设备和用具显热散热冷负荷系数，如果空调系统不连续运行，则Clq取为1.0。2.3.7 人体散热形成的冷负荷 人体显热散热引起的冷负荷计算公式为：CLs=qnClq.(2-8)人体潜热散热引起的冷负荷计算公式为：CL1=q1n.(2-9)式中 q不同室温和劳动性质成年男子显热散热量，W；q1不同室温和劳动性质成年男子潜热散热量，W； n室内全部人数；群体系数；Clq人体显热散热冷负荷系数，这一系数取决于人员在室内停留的时间，即由进入室内时算起至计算时刻为止的时间。表2.7人体显热散热形成的冷负荷 (单位：W)时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:00q60.5n200.92Clq0.490.580.170.130.10.080.070.060.050.040.040.03CLs27.273432.28289.46227.23585.5664.45283.89623.33962.7832.22642.22641.6698q173.3CL1545.468645.656189.244144.716111.3289.05677.92466.79255.6644.52844.52833.396时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:00q60.5n10.92Clq0.030.020.020.020.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.01CLs1.66981.11321.11321.11321.11320.55660.55660.55660.55660.55660.55660.5566q173.3CL133.39622.26422.26422.26422.26411.13211.13211.13211.13211.13211.13211.1322.3.8四层冷负荷汇总表2.8四层各分项逐时冷负荷 (单位：W)时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:0013744.9573954.1433509.9823465.5713406.1753386.734636.2735300.6725355.6864947.1294484.8513952.49621178.5471222.4371205.3911203.5361195.3471193.4061491.5111650.2961662.1471563.6231551.3861296.01531021.7031045.3911023.1431018.8851009.2931006.7471304.2471462.4271475.4711378.1411266.2991155.72641334.3061339.0911296.5931276.0551254.11243.5141510.861674.0241809.4661847.8691790.7981639.39351282.9531316.3431296.2971286.5481282.7531279.3121298.921332.441366.8651402.8931431.1021362.5661369.2261387.7281359.2771336.821328.5651322.8431364.9121436.1971514.0951595.3611657.1891617.90671369.2261387.7281359.2771336.821328.5651322.8431364.9121436.1971514.0951595.3611657.1891617.90681369.2261387.7281359.2771336.821328.5651322.8431364.9121436.1971514.0951595.3611657.1891617.90691530.6031561.0241538.0081522.3211512.5881500.2391510.9381535.5511558.0981582.251601.5511530.039101966.0191490.0771443.2421417.9811372.9261353.391425.5351553.7161694.5921817.9241951.9712026.207时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:0013980.723989.6793948.1563905.2363798.0333633.3733499.2263335.4653249.9973193.3493110.5833064.73721300.0491303.9331294.3751286.8261263.4721227.861198.0911160.11142.5931130.7761112.0691101.65331163.761170.0471161.8921154.151130.4011095.3951065.2311027.6431008.74996.3267978.0234967.809141599.8871634.9631648.9271653.0861634.5681602.2461554.5851488.871432.1841386.3111338.4651303.13151374.4871380.3711437.1421572.5391685.7371722.3481622.8561291.1871262.3921245.1821233.3691217.55961652.1951669.5951790.9372072.5872307.7122384.9272173.4041476.7121411.3431372.7051347.711314.41771652.1951669.5951790.9372072.5872307.7122384.9272173.4041476.7121411.3431372.7051347.711314.41781652.1951669.5951790.9372072.5872307.7122384.9272173.4041476.7121411.3431372.7051347.711314.41791541.9671553.7891616.4981763.7721885.8781931.3971840.8131515.0821495.1961483.9241478.0491465.209102315.6552838.8013225.7083015.8053407.5622921.1282376.7511706.5751635.5271590.5561525.7891489.3482.3. 9 二层冷负荷汇总表2.8四层各分项逐时冷负荷 (单位：W) 时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:0011525.4741543.6121515.0971505.0491484.4691478.8562102.7272434.0262462.6022259.3932024.3141849.82621334.4441352.5821324.0671314.0191293.4391287.8251911.6962242.9952271.5712068.3621833.2831658.79631265.0661298.0361277.8691273.9341264.1861260.6851557.231714.4541725.2651625.7021512.4251379.93441703.751741.1731714.2991705.4591694.2931690.5561872.2931984.5752076.4732103.6782067.7561897.36451374.1131084.231053.671043.8891029.5131018.5771027.9411049.4471070.0751086.9011109.3721084.18461197.023908.2977878.0975871.9147860.5522855.8696874.5247907.1888941.8437972.11241006.012988.968971282.9531316.3431296.2971286.5481282.7531279.3121298.921332.441366.8651402.8931431.1021362.5681369.2261387.7281359.2771336.821328.5651322.8431364.9121436.1971514.0951595.3611657.1891617.90691369.2261387.7281359.2771336.821328.5651322.8431364.9121436.1971514.0951595.3611657.1891617.906101369.2261387.7281359.2771336.821328.5651322.8431364.9121436.1971514.0951595.3611657.1891617.906111530.6031561.0241538.0081522.3211512.5881500.2391510.9381535.5511558.0981582.251601.5511530.039121991.6231521.2471451.5911424.1041377.3791357.2861428.8741556.4991696.8191819.5941953.6412027.321时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:0011871.8181889.1871874.3351858.7851809.1241737.7131674.5791596.6391555.8751529.5211492.0781471.12521680.7871698.1561683.3051667.7551618.0931546.6831483.5491405.6091364.8451338.4911301.0481280.09531386.0481392.0111384.0131378.0241355.711321.6591292.931255.9781238.9911227.6941210.0281200.13241864.761882.3641887.6461887.0631872.5931847.1681813.2691766.9981728.6491697.1731662.8141638.02851143.2071258.2011344.9751307.9721399.4261299.3061187.9311046.5331038.5741033.51023.2741017.28261057.9031185.9131281.0691227.8131325.3641202.1631065.681897.3527879.9905868.7513851.776842.273971374.4871380.3711437.1421572.5391685.7371722.3481622.8561291.1871262.3921245.1821233.3691217.55981652.1951669.5951790.9372072.5872307.7122384.9272173.4041476.7121411.3431372.7051347.711314.41791652.1951669.5951790.9372072.5872307.7122384.9272173.4041476.7121411.3431372.7051347.711314.417101652.1951669.5951790.9372072.5872307.7122384.9272173.4041476.7121411.3431372.7051347.711314.417111541.9671553.7891616.4981763.7721885.8781931.3971840.8131515.0821495.1961483.9241478.0491465.209122315.6552838.8013225.7083015.8053407.5622921.1282376.7511706.5751635.5271590.5561525.7891489.3482.3. 10一层冷负荷汇总表2.10一层各分项逐时冷负荷 (单位：W)时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:0019494.29110119.449038.738914.7148824.2198760.1198905.7359102.4969278.4049435.3119574.5658686.064210721.5911434.810111.669977.8649823.1049726.25310833.8211475.3911557.8611221.610892.29749.5936433.7586817.6766150.8066055.3895971.5915901.565948.526057.3526150.9426239.6636345.5325819.185时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:0018751.8178860.4539188.3159724.46310312.6210308.839734.8228109.7777970.7637881.3937797.7147709.4129941.98310325.1910594.2910427.7510680.6310141.849622.2878954.7398872.088813.9358701.4248638.02535959.1176217.6326555.2336816.7037317.8257170.1116685.6215557.7925490.3125448.5835401.7755352.2452.3. 11冷负荷汇总表2.11各分项逐时冷负荷 (单位：W)时间0:001:002:003:004:005:006:007:008:009:0010:0011:00一层26649.6428371.9225301.1924947.9724618.9124387.9325688.0826635.2326987.2126896.5826812.2924254.84二层17312.7316489.7316126.8315957.715784.8715697.7417679.8819065.7719711.919706.9719511.0218632.71三层17312.7316489.7316126.8315957.715784.8715697.7417679.8819065.7719711.919706.9719511.0218632.71四层16192.3716122.8615398.8315207.4815023.3314935.7617276.3618820.519466.8319327.5818951.1917817.27五层16192.3716122.8615398.8315207.4815023.3314935.7617276.3618820.519466.8319327.5818951.1917817.27六层16192.3716122.8615398.8315207.4815023.3314935.7617276.3618820.519466.8319327.5818951.1917817.27七层16192.3716122.8615398.8315207.4815023.3314935.7617276.3618820.519466.8319327.5818951.1917817.27汇总126044.6125842.8119150.2117693.3116282115526.5130153.3140048.8144278.3143620.8141639.1132789.3时间12:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:0019:0020:0021:0022:0023:00一层24652.9225403.2726337.8426968.9128311.0827620.7726042.7322622.3122333.1622143.9121900.9121699.68二层19193.2220087.5821107.521897.2923282.6222684.3520878.5716912.0916434.0716132.9115821.3615564.3三层19193.2220087.5821107.521897.2923282.6222684.3520878.5716912.0916434.0716132.9115821.3615564.3四层18233.1118880.3719705.5120569.1721728.7921288.5319677.7715955.0615460.6615144.5414819.4814552.7五层18233.1118880.3719705.5120569.1721728.7921288.5319677.7715955.0615460.6615144.5414819.4814552.7六层18233.1118880.3719705.5120569.1721728.7921288.5319677.7715955.0615460.6615144.5414819.4814552.7七层18233.1118880.3719705.5120569.1721728.7921288.5319677.7715955.0615460.6615144.5414819.4814552.7汇总135971.8141099.9147374.9153040.2161791.5158143.6146511120266.7117043.9114987.9112821.6111039.12.4 空调湿负荷计算在室内热、湿扰量等作用下，某一时刻进入空调房间的总湿量称为该房间的得湿量。某一时刻为维持室内相对湿度恒定所需要出去的湿量就成为湿负荷。空调房间的湿负荷和冷负荷一样，对空调系统的规模有着决定性的影响。他们是确定空调系统送风量和空调设备容量的基本依据。2.4.1 人体湿负荷人体湿负荷W(kg/h)可按下式计算：W=11000n.(2-10)式中 每名成年男子的散湿量，g/h； n室内全部人数；群体系数。2.4.2 一层湿负荷汇总大厅的湿负荷为：W=11000500.96109=5.232kgh门面1的湿负荷为：W=11000600.96109=6.278kgh门面2的湿负荷为：W=11000300.96109=3.139kgh 一层总的湿负荷为：W=5.232+6.278+3.189=14.699kgh2.4.3 二层湿负荷汇总二层总的湿负荷为：W=11000120.96109=1.256kg/h2.4.4 四层湿负荷汇总单身公寓的湿负荷为：W=1100090.96109=0.942kg/h活动室的湿负荷为：W=11000200.96109=2.093kg/h四层总的湿负荷为：W=0.942+2.093=3.035kgh2.4.5 建筑湿负荷汇总W=14.699+1.2562+3.0354=29.351kg/h2.5 空调热负荷计算民用建筑空气调节系统冬季热负荷，可在冬季采暖热负荷指标估算后，再乘以空气调节系统冬季用室外新风量的加热系数1.31.5即可。查空调制冷专业课程设计指南3当只知道总建筑面积时，本设计取宾馆为70W/。所以下面用热负荷估算法估算办公楼每层热负荷。 四层Q=70240.51.4=23569W 二层Q=70243.91.4=23902.2W 一层Q=704101.4=40180W 整栋建筑热负荷为Q=40180+23902.22+235694=182260