b双重卷边金属及塑料容器的密封(中英文).ppt

双重卷边金属及塑料容器的密封,RaymondH.Carroll商业无菌包装食品培训教程UniversityofMaryland,Copyright2010UniversityofMarylandAllRightsReserved,ClosuresForDoubleSeamedMetalandPlasticContainers,RaymondH.CarrollCommerciallySterilePackagedFoodsTrainingProgramUniversityofMaryland,Copyright2010UniversityofMarylandAllRightsReserved,开孔易拉盖罐,1810年发明了马口铁罐头储存易腐食品顶和底焊接到圆罐上,HoleandCapCan,Tincaninventedin1810topreserveperishablefoodTopandbottomsolderedtocylinder,易拉盖罐,HoleandCapCan,顶开罐,焊接边缝两端有皱纹的，现在称为双重卷边1920年开始取代开孔易拉盖罐,OpenTopCan,SolderedsideseamEndscrimpedon-nowcalleddoubleseamingReplacedholeandcapcanby1920,现有的双重卷边容器,熔接罐无缝两片罐全铝罐塑料罐或碗易拉罐,CurrentDoubleSeamContainers,WeldedsideseamcanSeamlesstwo-piececanAllaluminumcanPlasticcanorbowlEasy-openends,现今花样繁多的双重卷边金属罐,VarietyofMetalDoubleSeamedCansAvailableToday,金属罐生产材料,镀锡钢板无锡钢板金属板阳极特性对双重卷边罐的特性有影响,CanManufacturingPlate,TincoatedbasesteelTin-freesteelPlatecharacteristicsaffectdoubleseamcharacteristics,容器结构,边缘：将罐体边缘弯曲形成钩状,ContainerStructure,Flange:Fixedbodyedgethatformsbodyhook,容器结构,盖卷曲：形成罐盖钩边,ContainerStructure,EndCurl:Formscoverhook,密封剂,在盖的环形槽使用密封剂密封剂的类型取决于产品种类和杀菌方法,SealingCompound,SealingcompoundappliedtoannulargrooveofcanendCompoundtypedependsonproductandmethodofsterilization,双重卷边,由罐体卷曲和罐盖钩边链接而形成罐体卷曲和罐盖钩边互相紧扣双重卷边通过两步操作完成,TheDoubleSeam,FormedbyjoiningbodyofcanwithendInterlockofbodyflangeandcurlofendGenerallyformedintwooperations,接缝卷拢,SeamerChuckandRolls,头道卷封,罐盖钩边与罐体卷曲扣在一起头道卷封出现的差错在后面加工中不会被消除,FirstOperation,EndcurlisinterlockedwithbodyflangeCannotcorrectfaultyfirstoperationduringremainingsteps,头道滚轮,接缝的质量受以下因素影响：1.叠接的高度2.底座的压力3.滚轮的排列4.第一步卷拢的紧密度,FirstOperationSeam,Qualityisaffectedby:1.Pingaugeheight2.Baseplatepressure3.Alignmentofrollstochuck4.Firstoperationrolltightness,二道卷封,滚轮比第一步更加扁平挤压预成型的钩以提高双重卷边的紧密度,SecondOperation,RollhasflattercontourthanfirstoperationrollPressespreformedhookstogethertodevelopdoubleseamtightness,双重卷边,每个双重卷边由以下部分组成三层罐盖两层罐体适当的密封剂双重卷边形成了密闭的封口,TheDoubleSeam,EachdoubleseamconsistsofthreethicknessesofthecanendtwothicknessesofthecanbodyanappropriatesealingcompounddistributedthroughthefoldedmetalThisformsahermeticseal,塑料碗,PlasticBowls,双重卷边的结构,通过特定卷边结构的评估对双重卷边结构品质进行判定封口的说明由罐体和罐盖的供应商提供最终在拆毁卷边后通过肉眼观察做出判定,DoubleSeamStructure,QualityjudgedbyevaluationofspecificseamstructuresSeamspecificationsfurnishedbycanandendsupplierFinaljudgmentmadebyvisualinspectionoftorndownseam,卷边的测量,埋头度:卷边顶端至临近卷边内壁的肩胛所测得的间距,SeamMeasurements,Countersinkdepth:Seamtoptoendpanel,卷边的测量,卷边厚度:卷封的罐盖、罐体钩合后的铁皮的最大厚度,SeamMeasurements,Seamthickness:Distanceacrossseamlayers,卷边的测量,卷边的宽度:平行于卷边身盖钩所测得的二重卷边的尺寸,SeamMeasurements,Seamwidth:Dimensionparalleltoseamlayers,卷边的测量(续),身钩:罐身的翻边叠接:卷边内部身钩和盖钩间相互钩合重叠的部分,SeamMeasurements(continued),Bodyandcoverhook:InternalpartsofseamOverlap:Degreeofinterlockbetweenbodyandcoverhooks,紧密度,以盖钩的皱纹程度来判断Ratingindicatesrelativefreedomfromwrinkles,Tightness,JudgedbydegreeofwrinklingofcoverhookRatingindicatesrelativefreedomfromwrinkles,接合区域,双重卷边叠接水平焊接的部分焊接罐的最关键点盖钩垂唇的程度,JunctureArea,WheredoubleseamcrossessideseamMostcriticalpointinsolderedsideseamcansDegreeofdroopincoverhook,接缝的组成,塑料罐与金属罐的接缝比较,SeamComponents,Plasticcancomponentscomparabletothoseofthemetalcan,双重卷边的危险性评价,一个接缝可能看似完美，但内部结构可能有缺点，并且没有达到真空密封,CriticalEvaluationoftheDoubleSeam,Aseammayappearsatisfactory,butmayhaveafaultyinternalstructureandnohermeticseal.,卷边的危险性评价,对偏差进行测量，评估其严重性,CriticalEvaluationofSeams,Experiencedjudgmentneededtoassessseriousnessofout-of-specificationmeasurements.,埋头深度过大,导致盖钩和叠接率缩小可能是有底座压力过大造成的,ExcessiveCountersinkDepth,ResultsinshortenedcoverhookandoverlapExcessivebaseplatepressureisonepossiblecause,头道卷边松弛,可能会造成盖钩和叠接率不佳可能是由头道滚轮不合适造成的,LooseFirstOperationSeam,MaynotformgoodcoverhookandoverlapCausemaybeimpropersettingoffirstoperationseamingroll,头道卷边过紧,导致卷边底部扁平、锐边和盖钩不佳头道滚轮设置过紧可能是原因之一,ExcessivelyTightFirstOperationSeam,Resultsinflattenedseambottom,sharpseamandpoorcoverhookTightsettingoffirstoperationseamingrollisonepossiblecause,身钩过短,可能的原因是:1.升降压力不足2.Incorrectpinheightsetting顶针高度设置错误3.滚轮调校错误,ShortBodyHooks,Possiblecausesare:1.Insufficientlifterpressure2.Incorrectpinheightsetting3.Wrongseamingrolladjustment,身钩过长,可能的原因是:1.升降压力过大2.Incorrectpinheight顶针高度设置错误3.罐身翻边时不恰当,LongBodyHooks,Possiblecausesare:1.Excessivelifterpressure2.Incorrectpinheight3.Improperlyformedcanflange,二道卷边松弛,金属板叠接没有被充分压紧实二道滚轮设置不当二道滚轮破损二道滚轮轧槽太宽,LooseSecondOperationSeam,FoldsofmetalmaynotbepressedtogethertightlyenoughimpropersettingofsecondoperationseamingrollWornsecondoperationseamingrollSecondoperationseamingrollgroovetoowide,二道卷边过紧,可能导致叠接缩短、锐边，和/或者内容物从接缝中溢出,ExcessivelyTightSecondOperationSeam,Maycausereductionofoverlap,sharpseamand/orcompoundtosqueezeoutofseam.,盖钩短小,可能的原因有:1.头道滚轮松弛2.升降压力过大3.埋头深度过大,ShortCoverHook,Possiblecausesinclude:1.Loosefirstoperationroll2.Excessivelifterpressure3.Excessivecountersinkdepth,盖钩过长,可能的原因是头道滚轮设置过紧,LongCoverHook,Possiblecauseistootightasettingforfirstoperationseamingroll.,叠接不充分,可能的原因是:1.罐体边缘不规则2.钩边不规则3.压盖机调校不佳,InsufficientOverlap,Possiblecausesare:1.Irregularcanbodyflanges2.Irregularendcurl3.Poorclosingmachineadjustment,结构缺点,卷边畸形可能导致真空密封失败在观察发现后，必须立即采取纠正措施,StructuralDefects,SeamabnormalitiesthatmayresultinlossofhermeticsealCorrectiveactionmustbetakenimmediatelyafterobservation,垂唇,正常卷边底部出现有平滑的二重卷边突出部分焊接罐盖钩连接部分出现轻微的垂唇可能的原因有几个,Droop,SmoothprojectionofdoubleseambelowbottomofnormalseamSlightdrooppresentatcoverhookjunctureofsolderedcansSeveralpossiblecauses,牙齿,原因是盖钩和身钩叠接不充分或者没有叠接“V”型突出物,VeeorLip,DuetoinsufficientornooverlapofcoverhookwithbodyhookVshapeprojection,锐边,卷边顶部内测出现锋利刀口很容易用手摸出来,SharpSeam,SharpedgeatthetopinsideportionofseamMoreeasilyfeltthanseen,快口,卷边顶部内测部位上的锐边严重到铁皮破裂的程度可能的原因有几个,Cut-Over,SeamwhichissharpenoughtofracturethemetalatthetopinsideportionofseamSeveralpossiblecauses,跳封,卷边滚轮在身缝处跳动,造成卷边不紧的缺陷重叠时，滚轮跳动产生的缺陷,JumpedSeamorJump-Over,SeamnotrolledtightenoughadjacenttojunctureareaCausedbyjumpingofsealingrollsafterpassingoverlap,卷边隆起,通常发生在三片罐和焊接罐增加端缝的厚度身钩变形,SeamBumps,Mostoftenon3-pieceorweldedsideseamcansLocalizedincreaseinpackersendseamthicknessDistortedbodyhook,卷边隆起(续),可能的原因:1.Excessivelytightfinishedseams接缝过紧2.身钩过长3.密封剂过多,SeamBumps(continued),Possiblecauses:1.Excessivelytightfinishedseams2.Longbodyhooks3.Excessivesealingcompound,滑封,卷封时压头在埋头部位内滑转或自转所造成的不完全卷边一个可能的原因是压头带油,DeadheadorSpinner,IncompleteseamcausedbychuckspinningincountersinkOnepossiblecauseisoilorgreaseonchuck,假封,盖钩和身钩未完全钩合的卷边感观检查有时难以发现这一缺陷拆开卷边才能发现假封,FalseSeam,SeamwhichisentirelyunhookedNotalwaysdetectablebyvisualexaminationSeamteardownwillreveal,假封(续),其他常见术语:大塌边钩边损毁,FalseSeam(continued),Othercommonterms:KnockeddownflangeDamagedendcurl,罐体胀裂,卷边正常，但罐体胀裂或扭曲一个可能的原因是底托压力太大,CanBodyBuckling,BuckledortwistedconditionunderfinishedseamOnepossiblecauseisexcessivebaseplatepressure,罐身外斜,罐身不成直角导致不平衡罐在生产过程中存在瑕疵,CockedBody,CanbodyblankoutofsquarecausingunevennessatlapCanmanufacturingdefect,装配错误,盖子装配错误在压盖机里，罐身和底部校正不佳,Misassembly,ReferredtoasmisplacedcoverCanbodyandendimproperlyalignedinclosingmachine,卷边碎裂,卷边外层有裂口可能有几个原因,CutSeam,OuterlayerofdoubleseamfracturedSeveralpossiblecauses,蘑菇形边缘,过冶成的罐边缘导致身钩过长可能只有通过卷边横截面检查才能发现,MushroomedFlange,OverformedcanflangeresultinginlongbodyhookMayonlyfindbyexaminationofseamcross-section,凸出或凹进的编码断裂,产品编码处的金属板破裂可能的原因:凸起和凹陷字符排列错误字型支持装置调整不当新旧字型混淆凸起和凹陷字型匹配编码器压力过大或设置不当，造成编码过深采用喷墨打码设备可以避免这一问题出现,FracturedEmbossed/DebossedCodes,ResultwhenthemetaloftheendhasbeencutthroughatthecodemarkPossiblybecausedby:MisalignmentofmaleandfemaletypecharactersMisalignmentoftypeholdersIntermixingofnewandoldtypesImpropermatchingofmaleandfemaletypeExcessivecoderpressureorimpropercodersettinggivingtoodeepacodemarkTheuseofaninkjetcodingsystemhaseliminatethisconcern,BrokenChuck压头损毁,压头部分边缘损毁卷边松弛造成压头损毁的原因很多,BrokenChuck,PortionofchucklipmissingLooseseamatthatpointSeveralpossiblecausesofchuckdamage,双重卷边完整性评估,检查应该由训练有素的技师执行检查应该包括感官和解剖检查两部分,EvaluationofDoubleSeamIntegrity,InspectionsshallbeperformedbytrainedclosuretechnicianInspectionsshallincludevisualandteardownexaminations,感官检验,封罐机前端都应有感官检验检验外部特征是否有粗糙的瑕疵,VisualExaminations,RequiredforeachclosingmachineheadExternalfeaturesshallbeexaminedforgrossdefect,感官检查(续),根据必要情况，经常进行感官检查两次检查间隔不要超过30分钟在罐和底部类型改变时，应该进行感官检查,VisualExaminations(continued),ShallbemadeasoftenasnecessaryShouldbemadeatintervalsnottoexceed30minutesShouldbemadefollowingchangeofcanorendtype,解剖检查,工具卷边测微器,TeardownExamination,ToolsSeammicrometer,解剖检查,工具埋头度测量仪,TeardownExamination,ToolsCountersinkgauge,解剖检查,工具起罐器,TeardownExamination,ToolsCanopener,解剖检查,工具镊钳,TeardownExamination,ToolsNippers,OptionalTools可选择的其它工具,Seamsaw-cutscross-section卷边横截面切割仪,OptionalTools,Seamsaw-cutscross-section,OptionalTools可选择的其它工具,投影仪-在检查叠接率是非常有效,OptionalTools,Seamprojector-veryeffectivefordeterminingoverlap,OptionalTools可选择的其它工具,卷边观测仪,OptionalTools,Seamscope-forlookingatseamcross-section,解剖频率,每个卷边封头至少检验一个罐解剖频率应能准确了解卷边的完整性情况两次检查时间间隔应不超过4小时应记录结果和纠偏措施,TeardownFrequency,ShallbemadeonatleastonecanperseamingheadFrequencyshallensuresealintegrityShouldbemadeatintervalsnottoexceed4hoursShallrecordresultsandcorrectiveactions,何时进行解剖检验,生产开始前在发生严重故障后立即进行封口机调校或改变后应进行解剖检验,WhentoPerformTeardowns,BeginningofproductionImmediatelyafterseverejamAfteradjustmentsorchangestoseamingmachine,必须的测量设备,测微器体系光学体系,RequiredMeasurements,MicrometersystemOpticalsystem,MicrometerMeasurementSystem测微器测量体系,三个测量点以120度左右的角度切，不要相互接触用以检验盖钩、身钩、宽度、紧密度、厚度和接缝盖钩完整率,MicrometerMeasurementSystem,Threemeasurementsaremadeatpointsapproximately120degreesapart,excludingjunctureCoverhook,bodyhook,width,tightness,thickness,juncturerating(USDA)required,解剖检验和步骤,测微器方法,TeardownMeasurementsandProcedures,Micrometermethod,解剖双重卷边,TearingDowntheDoubleSeam,解剖盖钩,DisengagingtheCoverHook,光学检验体系,至少要有两个检验部位(USDA)用以检验身钩、迭接率、紧密度、厚度和接缝盖钩完整率,OpticalMeasurementSystem,CutsshouldbefromatleasttwodifferentlocationsRequiredtomeasurebodyhook,overlap,tightness,thicknessandjuncturerating(USDA),解剖检验步骤,1.可以先外部检验(卷边宽度、厚度和埋头度)，之后2.内部检验盖钩、身钩、紧密度、接缝盖钩完整率和受压隆起,TeardownMeasurementProcedure,1.Applicableexternalmeasurement(seamwidth,thickness,countersink)followedby2.Internalmeasurements(bodyandcoverhooks,tightnessandjunctureratings,pressureridge),强度和接缝盖钩完整率,应该检测盖钩的紧密度和起皱率接缝盖钩完整率显示了盖钩有效叠接的情况,TightnessandJunctureRating,CoverhookshouldbeexaminedfortightnessorwrinkleratingJunctureratingindicatespercentageofcoverhookavailableforoverlap,受压隆起,在二道滚边过程中，为了卷边紧密度而在罐身上形成的压痕,PressureRidge,Thepressureridgeisanimpressiononthebodywallastheresultofthepressureappliedbythesecondoperationrollincreatingseamtightness,双重卷边塑料罐的检验程序,EvaluationProceduresforDoubleSeamedPlasticContainers,紧密度,塑料成分在双重卷边的压紧情况检验方法不同容器供应商应推荐检验方法,Tightness,Compressiono