（江苏专版）2020版高考英语大二轮复习专题3阅读理解第一节细节理解题二间接信息题学案牛津译林版.docx

二、间接信息题(2019江苏，A)Whatever your age or interests，Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable.High energyIf you desire physical activities，you can choose activities from swimming to horse riding.Explore the heights with Go Ape，the high wire forest adventure course，or journey beneath the earth at Pooles Cavern.And dont forget：we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking，caving，climbing and cycling.High mindedBuxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and you ll find much to suit all tastes with art，music，opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House &Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery.There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involved，including workshops and events.Keeping the kids happyChildren love the small train and playgrounds in the Pavilion Gardens and theres plenty more to explore at the Buxton Museum.Theres a new indoor play centre，plus the special events and workshops，and others during school holiday periods.56.Ifyouwanttotakeanundergroundjourney，whichplaceisthebestchoice?A.PoolesCavern.B.PavilionGardens.C.BuxtonMuseum.D.GreenManGallery.答案A解析细节理解题。根据High energy部分中的“journeybeneaththeearthatPoolesCavern”可知选A。57.BuxtonOperaHouse&PavilionArtsCentreisspecialbecauseitoffers.A.ridesinsmalltrainsB.coursesinmodernartsC.artisticandculturalactivitiesD.basiccoursesinhorseriding答案C解析细节理解题。根据High minded部分中的“Buxtonisjustifiablyproudofitsculturallifeandyoullfindmuchtosuitalltastes.Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforthecreativepersontobecomeinvolved”可知，BuxtonOperaHouse&PavilionArtsCentre的特别之处在于它提供多种文化艺术活动。一、题型解读1.话题特点常考查间接信息理解类的话题有：(1)人物类；(2)故事类；(3)文化教育类；(4)史地自然类；(5)社会生活类；(6)科普说明类。2.设问形式特殊疑问句形式或填空形式：(1)Accordingtotheauthor/passage，.(2)Whatcanwelearnabout.?(3)Whatwasthereasonfor.?二、解题技巧“断章取义”定答案第一步：阅读题干，确定关键词，锁定原文相关信息第二步：定位题干关键词的转换形式第三步：利用正确选项特征，确定答案三、正确选项特征：1.用同义或近义词复现。如【真题感悟】第56题题干中anundergroundjourney与原文中“journeybeneaththeearth”意思相同，故可知答案为A项。2.同根词或原词复现。3.语言简化。简化原文中的复杂语言现象，并设置为答案。4.反义词复现。把原文中的意思反过来表达。A(2019如皋高三一模)NewYorkCityisaworldcapitalineverysenseoftheworditsaculturaland1economicpowerhouse，andarguablythemost2influentialcityontheplanet.Butitwasntalwaysthisway，asthefollowingcitiesoncedominatedtheworldaroundthem.Djenne-DjennoInthefloodlandsoftheNigerdeltapeoplehavebeenbuildinghousesandotherstructureswithclayforcenturies.ThetownofDjenne-Djennoismadeentirelyoutofclay.Itwasinhabitedasfarbackas250BC，andbecameanimportantlinkinthetrans-Saharangoldtrade(跨撒哈拉黄金交易).Constructedonhillscalled“toguere”，thecitymanagedtoescapethemarshy(沼泽的) landscapeandannualfloodsproducedbytherainyseason.Djenne-Djennoisbelievedtobeoneoftheearliest8settlementsinthesub-Saharanregion，andisconsideredbysometobe“the3typicalAfricanCity”.Archeologicalevidenceshowsusacontinuoushumanpresenceintheareaupuntilthe14thcenturyAD，whenpeoplemovedtothenearbytownofDjenne，foundedinthe11thcentury.Furtherevidencepointsoutthatevenbeforethecitysconstruction，theBozopeopleweregrowingwildriceintheregion.Inthe13thcenturyAD，withKingKoumborosconversiontoIslam，itspalacetransformedintoamosque.CarthageLegendhasitthatCarthagewasfoundedbyQueenDidoofthePhoenicians.ShefledthecityofTyrelocatedinpresent-dayLebanoninordertoescapethehatredofherbrotherPygmalion，whowasherrivaltothethrone.Alongwithagroupofsettlers，shetraveledagreatdistancebyseaandlandedinNorthAfrica，whereshemetKingIarbas.Heofferedtogivethemlandinordertobuildasettlement，butnobiggerthanthesurfacecoveredbythehide(牛皮) ofanox.Theycleverlycutthehideintothinstripsandwereabletoencloseafairlylargeareaofland.Onthisland，themightycityofCarthagewasbuilt.Thesestoriesaremostlikelyjustthat，butthefactthatthePhoeniciansbuiltthecityaround760BCistrue.LocatedinsuchagoodpositioninthemiddleoftheMediterranean，closetoSicily，SardiniaandCorsica，andaprettygooddistancefromEgypthelpedmakeCarthagealeadingtradecenterandmilitarypower.Thepopulationsoonreachedhalfamillioncitizensand，inordertohousethemall，buildingswereallbuiltfiveorsixstoriestall.Carthagewasthefirstcityinancienttimestohaveacentralizedsewagesystem，linkingallbuildingswithinthecitywalls.Themostnotableofstructuresamongtheruinswasthe“Thophet”，whichisbelievedtobeanaltar(圣坛) forchildsacrifice.TenochtitlanTenochtitlanwasthecapitalcityoftheAztecEmpire.ItwasbuiltonanislandsurroundedbyLakeTexcocodeepinsidethejunglesofCentralAmerica.BythetimetheSpanishconquerorswereawareofitsexistence，thepopulationwasaround200,000.ThiswasacityverydifferentfromwhattheEuropeanswereusedto.Foundedin1325AD，theAztecscapitalwasjoinedtothemainlandbythreecauseways(堤道).Itwaslaidoutinstraightstreetgridsandhadenormouspyramidsatitscenter，whichweresurroundedbytheskullsofthedeadandceremonialsculptures.1.Whatdoweknowabouttheancientcities?A.Tenochtitlanwasthefirstcitytolinkallbuildingswithinthecitywallsusingacentralizedsewagesystem.B.Carthagewasconsideredtohaveplayedanimportantroleinthetrans-Saharangoldtrade.C.TherewasnodoubtthatCarthagewasfoundedbyQueenDidoofthePhoenicians.D.Accordingtosomepeople，thecityDjenne-Djennois“atypicalAfricancity”.答案D解析细节理解题。答案定位在Djenne-Djenno部分的“Djenne-Djennoisbelievedtobeoneoftheearliestsettlementsinthesub-Saharanregion，andisconsideredbysometobethetypicalAfricanCity.(Djenne-Djenno被认为是撒哈拉以南地区最早的定居点之一，被一些人认为是典型的非洲城市。)”，由此可知，D选项描述正确，故选D。2.Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom.A.anewsreportB.asciencefictionC.ahistorybookD.aresearchpaper答案C解析文章出处题。由第一段并结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要介绍了历史上，曾经统治着它们周围世界的一些城市，所以这篇文章最可能出自历史书，故选C。B(2019徐州高三一检)ITSENOUGHTOMAKEYOUBLUEINTHEFACETimetotakeastandagainstover-pricedwatcheswiththeStauerUrbanBlue，nowonly $29.9YouneedanewwatchtheoneyouarewearingwasmadewhenNixonwasinoffice，butextravagantly-pricedwatchesthataddzerosjustbecauseofawell-knownnameareaninsulttoyourlogic.Itsabsolutelypossibletohavethehighestquality，precisionclassictimepiecewithoutthehighandmightypricetag.HerecomestheStauerUrbanBlue.Packedwithhigh-endwatchperformanceandstyle，minusthehigh-endpricetag.Itseverythingahigh-endwatchshouldbe：Sturdy4stainlesssteeland5genuineleatherconstruction.Precisiontimingthatsaccuratetofoursecondsadaythatsmoreprecisethana27-jewelautomaticwatchpricedatover$6,000.Yourgreatescapefromtheover-pricedwatchcraze.AtStauer，wego6directlytothesource (cuttingoutthemiddleman)，andengineerourownwatchdesigns.Thismeanswecanofferatopqualitytimepiecethathappenstoonlycostthesameastwowell-madecocktailsatyourfavoritebar.10So，whilewerebusyrevolutionizingthewatchindustrytobringyoumorerealvalue，youcantakeyourownstandagainstover-pricedwatcheswiththeUrbanBlue.Yoursatisfactionis100%guaranteed.WeartheUrbanBluefor30days.Ifyourenot7convincedthatyouachievedexcellenceforless，senditbackforarefundoftheitemprice.TheUrbanBlueisoneofourfastestsellers.Ittakessixmonthstoengineerthiswatchsodontwait.Limitedtothefirst1,900responderstothisadonly.StauerUrbanBlueWatchOfferCodePrice$29S&PSave$170180033320453.WhatisthesellingpointoftheUrbanBlue?A.ItwasmadewhenNixonwasinoffice.B.Itisthemostprecisewatchintheworld.C.Itisdesignedbythecompanysownengineers.D.Itishighinqualitybutamazinglylowinprice.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文中的“only$29”，第二段最后两句及第三段中的“high-endwatchperformanceandstyle，minusthehigh-endpricetag”可知，这是一款物美价廉的手表。故选D。4.Toguaranteecustomerssatisfaction，thewatchproducerpromisesthat.A.theywillreducetheengineeringtimeinthefutureB.theywillsellthewatchalwaysatapriceof$29C.customerscanwearthewatchontrialfor3monthsD.customerscanreturnthewatchforafullrefundwithin30days答案D解析细节理解题。根据Yoursatisfactionis100%guaranteed部分的第一句“WeartheUrbanBluefor30days.Ifyourenotconvincedthatyouachievedexcellenceforless，senditbackforarefundoftheitemprice.”可知，佩戴这款表三十天，如果顾客不满意，仍可退全款。故选D。.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1.Themineinthatcitywasclosedbecauseitwasnoteconomic.有利可图的；可赚钱的2.Heusedhisinfluentialfriendstohelphimgetintothecivilservicebythebackdoor.有势力的，有影响力的3.ItistypicalofJohntothinkabouthelpingothersinthisway.典型的，有代表性的4.Itspossibletoweldstainlesssteeltoordinarysteel.不生锈的5.NowthathehasbecomePresident，manypeopleonceagainhavehopeforgenuinechangesinthesystem.真正的(二)同义词语替换6.Hearinghismotherwasillinhospital，hedrovedirectlytothehospital.straight7.Iamconvincedthatheisinnocent.sure(三)一词多义8.settlementn.协议；解决；处理；移民；殖民；开拓；定居点(1)ChinaandtheUSAfailedtoreachasettlementinthetradewar.协议(2)Inthatrichareatherearemanysettlementsandtheagricultureisveryadvanced.定居点(3)Europeansettlementbeganin1840whentheBritisharrived.定居(4)Yourdoingthiscanthelpthesettlementoftheissue.解决，处理.长难句理解9.YouneedanewwatchtheoneyouarewearingwasmadewhenNixonwasinoffice，butextravagantly-pricedwatchesthataddzerosjustbecauseofawell-knownnameareaninsulttoyourlogic.句式分析本句话的主干句为Youneedanewwatch，theone.awell-knownnameareaninsulttoyourlogic是watch的同位语；在这个复杂的同位语中but连接的是两个并列句；在第一个分句中youarewearing是省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰one，在第二个分句中that又引导一个定语从句，修饰watches。精美译文你需要一块新手表一块你现在戴着却制造于尼克松时期的手表，但是仅仅是因为一个众所周知的名字而在价格后面增加了零的昂贵手表是对你的逻辑的侮辱。10.So，whilewerebusyrevolutionizingthewatchindustrytobringyoumorerealvalue，youcantakeyourownstandagainstover-pricedwatcheswiththeUrbanBlue.句式分析本句是一个复合句，youcantakeyourownstandagainstover-pricedwatcheswiththeUrbanBlue是主句，whilewerebusyrevolutionizingthewatchindustrytobringyoumorerealvalue是while引导的让步状语从句，while相当于although/though，意为“尽管，虽然”。精美译文因此，尽管我们忙于改革手表工业来为您带来更多真正的价值，但是您可以采取自己的立场用UrbanBlue来反对过于昂贵的手表。强化练(十七).单项填空1.Thereportattheconferenceanalysesindetailwhyanewlegalisneededtobetterprotecttheenvironment.(2019海安县高三期末)A.currencyB.frameworkC.allowanceD.occupation答案B解析考查名词词义辨析。currency通货；framework框架；allowance津贴；occupation职业。句意为：会议上的报告详细分析了为什么需要一个新的法律框架来更好地保护环境。故B项正确。2.BeijingranksfirsttheamountofresidentsreadingamongallcitiesinChinathisyear，aswasannouncedindatareleasedonThursday.(2019江苏江都、华罗庚等中学联考)A.inthewakeofB.intermsofC.inrecognitionofD.inspiteof答案B解析考查介词短语辨析。inthewakeof作为的后果，紧随之后而来；intermsof就而言，在方面；inrecognitionof承认；inspiteof尽管。句意为：周四公布的数据显示，北京今年的居民阅读量在中国所有城市中排名第一。故B项正确。3.Amotherrecognizesthefeelofherchildsskinwhenblindfolded.，shecaninstantlyidentifyherbabyscry.A.SimilarlyB.MeanwhileC.NeverthelessD.Accordingly答案A解析考查副词。similarly相似地；meanwhile与此同时；nevertheless然而；accordingly因此。句意为：母亲在蒙上眼睛时能识别自己孩子皮肤的感觉。同样地，她可以立即识别自己孩子的哭声。故选A。4.FacialrecognitiontechnologyisworkingwellattouristattractionsaroundChina，thetimepeoplespendstandinginlinesatentriesorsecuritycheck.(2019苏锡常镇四市高三联考)A.toreduceB.reducedC.havingreducedD.reducing答案D解析考查现在分词作结果状语。句意为：人脸识别技术在中国各地的旅游景点运行良好，减少了人们在入口处或安检处排队的时间。分析句子可知，reduce与其主语Facialrecognitiontechnology之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，故答案为D。5.Introverts(性格内向的人)，accordingtoSusanCain，tendtoenjoybeingalone，doingquieterthingsorbeingwithjustonefriendatatime.Shesaysthatistheygettheirenergy.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where答案C解析句意为：根据SusanCain所说，性格内向的人常常喜欢自己待着、做比较安静的事情或者一次只和一个朋友在一起。她说那是性格内向的人获得能量的方式。why为什么；when当的时候；how如何，在此处引导表语从句，表示方式；where在某个地方。故选C。6.atthebackoftheroomwasashygirlwithtwobigeyes.A.SatB.SitC.SeatingD.Seated答案D解析本句是一个倒装句，seated为分词作表语。句意为：在房间的后面坐着一个害羞的女孩，她有两只大眼睛。故选D。7.Iftheycontinueabusingdrugs，intheenddruguserswillfindthemselvestrappedinaprison_theycannotescape.A.towhichB.fromwhichC.bywhichD.inwhich答案B解析句意为：如果吸毒者继续滥用毒品，他们最终会发现他们陷入一个他们无法逃脱的牢笼。先行词为prison，代入定语从句后为：Theycannotescapefromtheprison.应用fromwhich，故选B项。8.Beforerealestatecontrolpolicieswereintroduced，peoplehopedthattheirincomeswouldbeincreasedtheriseinhousingprices.A.intouchwithB.inanticipationofC.inlinewithD.incombinationwith答案C解析句意为：在出台真正的房地产调控政策之前，人们希望他们的收入能随着房价的上涨而增加。intouchwith和保持联系；inanticipationof期待，预期；inlinewith和一致；incombinationwith与结合。结合句意可知，C选项符合题意。9.Mum，doyoumindifIinvitesomefriendstomybirthdayparty?.Itwillbemoreinteresting.A.BynomeansB.Yes，ofcourseC.DontworryD.Nodoubt答案A解析Bynomeans决不；Yes，ofcourse是的，当然；Dontworry不要担心；Nodoubt不用怀疑。根据句意，A项正确。10.Whotoldyouaboutit?.Youonlyneedtoknowitistrue.A.ItsyourcallB.NeveryoumindC.ItsanyonesguessD.Youhavemyword答案B解析考查情景交际。句意为：谁告诉你的啊？别问了，你只需要知道这是真的。Its your call.这由你决定；Never you mind.用不着你问，你不必管；Its anyones guess.谁也说不准；You have my word.我向你保证。根据“You only need to know it is true.”可知选B项。.阅读理解AAnumberofcompanieshaveusedthewindandsuntoproduceenergy.Now，onecompanyisusingtheforceofflowingriversandoceancurrents.ThecompanyisbasedintheU.S.stateofMaine.ItiscalledtheOceanRenewablePowerCompany，orORPC.ThecompanyrecentlypresentedthenewtechnologyatanenergyconferencenearWashington，D.C.ChristopherSauer，CEOandCo-creatorofORPC，saysthetechnologywasdesignedforsmall，ruralcommunitiesthatdonothaveeasyaccesstopowersources.TheORPCtechnologyisanenergygenerator(发电机) whichcanbeputunderwater，calledRivGen.Itworksinaseriesofsteps.First，thegeneratorisputinthemiddleofasteelcage.Thecagegoesontopofawideboatwithaflatbottomcalledapontoon.Wheelsorturbinesareattachedtoeachsideofthegenerator.Oncethepontoonboatisfixedtooneplace，itisfloodedwithwater.Thepontoon，cage，andgeneratorallsinktothebottomoftheriver.There，therivercurrenttwirlsthewheelsandcreatesasmuchas50kilowattsofpower.CEOChristopherSauersaysthegeneratorisnotverytall，soitcanworkinwaterareasthatarenotverydeep.Othercompaniesarenotabletodoso，headds.And，Sauersays，theturbinesaresafefortheanimalsthatliveintheriver.“Atthepeakofsalmonseason，wehadalmosttwomillionfishpassbythisthingbutattheendofallofthat，wedidnothaveasinglefishinjuryasweknew.”Sauernotesthatanotherfeatureofthetechnologyis“cross-flowturbines”.Theturbinescanmoveinthesamedirection，nomatterwhatwaythewaterisflowing.Sauersaystheturbinesshapepermitsthegeneratortoharvestpowerfromtidal(潮汐的) currentsintheocean.ThecompanysoceanturbineiscalledTidGen.Itcancreateupto600kilowattsofelectricity，enoughtopowerasmallsettlement.Rightnow，theamountofpowerTidGencanharvestchangesasthestrengthofthetidegoesupanddown.ButORPCworkersaretryingtomakethepoweroutputsteady.Intime，theywantTidGenpowertobepartofthemainenergygrid(输电网).CEOChristopherSauersaysORPCscurrentpriceisabout50centsperkilowatt-hour.ThatpricedoesnotmaketheORPCsystemcompetitivewithnaturalgas.However，forsmall，ruralcommunities，diesel(柴油) energycancostmorethan$1perhour.Inthesesituations，energyfromflowingwatercouldbemoreeconomical.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。许多公司利用风和太阳来生产能源，但现在有一个公司正在利用河流和洋流的力量来生产能源。11.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“twirls”inParagraph3?A.Strikes.B.Turns.C.Pulls.D.Supports.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据第三段中介绍的发电机RivGen的工作原理可知，画线词所在句的含义是“在那里，河水水流使机轮转动，产生多达50千瓦的电量”。由此可知，画线词的意思是“使旋转，使转动”，与turn的含义相近，故选B。12.HowistheORPCtechnologyunique?A.Itcanworkinshallowwater.B.Itiscomparativelycheaper.C.Itdoesnoharmtoanimalslivinginthewater.D.Itcanchangethedirectionofwaterflowing.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“.thegeneratorisnotverytall，soitcanworkinwaterareasthatarenotverydeep.Othercompaniesarenotabletodoso.”可知，ORPC技术的一个独特之处在于它能在浅水水域工作。故选A。13.WhatareORPCworkerstryingtodowithTidGen?A.Reduceitsoperatingcosts.B.Stabilizeitsenergyoutput.C.Improveitsworkingefficiency.D.Widenitsrangeofapplications.答案B解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“.theamountof.ButORPCworkersaretryingtomakethepoweroutputsteady”可知，TidGen目前的能源输出量还不稳定，ORPC的员工们正在设法稳定其能源输出量。故选B。14.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.AdvantagesofGettingElectricityfromRiverandTidalCurrentsB.StepstoProduceEnergyfromFlowingRiversandOceanCurrentsC.ANewSolutiontoEnergyShortageinSmallandRuralCommunitiesD.NewTechnologytoHarvestEnergyfromRiverandTidalMovement答案D解析标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文重点讲述美国一家公司开发了一种新技术，通过河流和海洋的水流运动来获取能源，故D项作本文标题最佳。B(2019江苏七市高三二调)Weallhavedefiningmomentsinourlivesmeaningfulexperiencesthatstandoutinourmemory.Manyofthemoweagreatdealtochance：aluckyencounter(相遇) withsomeonewhobecomestheloveofyourlife.Anewteacherwhospotsatalentyoudidntknowyouhad.Thesemomentsseemtobetheproductoffateorluck.Wecantcontrolthem.But is that true？Not necessarily.Defining moments shape our lives，but we dont have to wait for them to happen.We can be the authors of them.It is possible to create defining moments if we understand more about them.Our research shows that they all share a set of common elements.We start by asking：why do we remember certain experiences and forget others？In the case of big days，such as weddings，the answer is pretty clearits a celebration that is grand in scale and rich in emotion.No surprise that its more memorable than a maths lesson.But for other experiences in lifefrom holidays to work projectsits not so clear why we remember what we do.Consideranexperimentinwhichparticipantswereaskedtosubmerge(浸入) theirhandsfor60secondsinbucketsfilledwith14water.(Remember14waterfeelsmuchcolderthan14air.) Theywerethenaskedtosubmergetheirhandsfor90secondsinsteadof60seconds，butduringthefinal30seconds，thewaterwarmedupto15.Theparticipantswerethengivenachoice：wouldyouratherrepeatthefirsttrialorthesecond?Psychologistshaveexplainedthereasonsforthispuzzlingresult.Whenpeopleassessanexperience，theytendtoforgetorignoreitslength.Instead，theyseemtoratetheexperiencebasedontwokeymoments：thebestorworstmoment，knownasthepeak，andtheending.Intheparticipantsmemories，whatstoodoutforthemwasthatthelongertrialendedmorecomfortablythantheshorterone.Sowhenweassessourexperiences，wedontaverageourminute-by-minutefeelings.Rather，wetendtorememberflagshipmoments：thepeaks，thepits(低谷) andthetransitions.Whatwedontrememberarethebitsinbetweensometimesthereislittletodistinguishoneweekfromthenext.Partlythisisbecausetheremaybeonlyadozenmomentsinyourlifethatshowwhoyouarethosearebigdefiningmoments.Buttherearesmallerexperiences，too，inthecontextofamemorableholiday，romanticdateorworkachievement.Onceweunderstandhowweremembercertainmomentsandwhy，wecanstarttocreatemoremomentsthatmatter.语篇解读本文为一篇议论文。我们在生活中都有决定性的时刻有意义的经历会在我们的记忆中脱颖而出，这些时刻似乎是命运或运气的产物，我们无法控制他们。但是一旦我们了解了我们是如何记住某些特定的时刻以及为什么能记住，我们就可以创造更多重要的时刻。15.Howdoestheauthorunderstanddefiningmoments?A.Wecancreatedefiningmomentsinourlives.B.Definingmomentsarejustoutofour