高考英语 考前100天冲刺 专题6 逻辑结构题课件.ppt

六 逻辑结构题 unit1a 2012 陕西 b 话题 家庭生活词数 340w难度 threeboysandadadbradclosedthedoorslowlyassuelefthometovisithermother expectingawholedaytorelax hewasthinkingwhethertoreadthenewspaperorwatchhisfavouritetvtalkshowonhisfirstdayoffinmonths thiswillbelikeawalkinthepark he dtoldhiswife i lllookafterthekids andyoucangovisityourmom thingsstartedwell butjustaftereighto clock histhreelittle goodkids mike randy andalex camedownthestairsintheirnightclothesandshouted breakfast daddy whenfoodhadnotappearedwithinthirtyseconds randybeganusinghisspoononalex sheadasifitwereadrum alexstartedtoshoutloudlyintimetothebeat 节拍 mikechanted where smytoast where smytoast inthebackground bradrealisedhisnewspaperwouldhavetowaitforafewseconds lifebecameworseafterbreakfast mikeworerandy sunderwearonhishead randylockedhimselfinthebathroom whilealexshoutedagainbecausehewasgoingtowethispants nobodycouldfindcleansocks althoughtheywerebeforetheirveryeyes someonenamed notme hadspilledawholeglassoforangejuiceintothebasketofcleanclothes bradknewthetalkshowhadalreadystarted byteno clock thingswereoutofcontrol alexwaswonderingwhythefishinthejarrefusedhisbreadandbutter mikewastryingtoshowoffhistalentbydecoratingthekitchenwallwithhiscolourpencils randy thankfully appearedtobereadingquietlyinthefamilyroom butcloserexaminationshowedthathewaseatingapplejamstraightfromthebottlewithhishands bradrealisedthatthetalkshowwasoverandreadingwouldbeimpossible atexactly11 17 bradcalledthedaycarecentre 日托所 isuddenlyhavetogointoworkandmywife saway canibringtheboysoverinafewminutes theanswerwasobviously yes becausebradwassmiling 语篇导读 本文讲述了三个孩子和爸爸的故事 爸爸brad放假了 想在家放松 休息一天 看看报纸或者看他喜欢的电视谈话节目 可是三个孩子让他不得安宁 最后不得不给日托所打电话 让他们把孩子接走 1 whenhiswifelefthome bradexpectedto a gooutforawalkintheparkb watchtvtalkshowwithhischildrenc enjoyhisfirstdayoffworkd readthenewspapertohischildren 解析 选c 细节理解题 根据第一段bradclosedthedoorslowlyassuelefthometovisithermother expectingawholedaytorelax hewasthinkingwhethertoreadthenewspaperorwatchhisfavouritetvtalkshowonhisfirstdayoffinmonths 可知答案 2 whichofthefollowingdidrandydo a drawingonthewall b eatingapplejam c feedingthefish d readinginaroom 解析 选b 推理判断题 根据第四段randy thankfully appearedtobereadingquietlyinthefamilyroom butcloserexaminationshowedthathewaseatingapplejam 可知randy看上去好像在客厅里安静地看书 但是仔细检查后发现他正在吃苹果酱 要注意but后面的才是randy所做的 3 whydidbradaskthedaycarecentreforhelp a becausehewantedtocleanuphishouse b becausehesuddenlyhadtogotohisoffice c becausehefoundithardtomanagehisboys d becausehehadtotakehiswifebackhome 解析 选c 推理判断题 从第四段中byteno clock thingswereoutofcontrol 以及第五段 爸爸受不了了 给日托所打电话 所以爸爸给日托所打电话是因为他控制不了孩子们了 4 thistextisdeveloped a byspaceb bycomparisonc byprocessd bytime 解析 选d 逻辑结构题 从第二段开头thingsstartedwell butjustaftereighto clock 和第三段lifebecameworseafterbreakfast 第四段byteno clock thingswereoutofcontrol 以及第五段atexactly11 17 bradcalledthedaycarecentre 由此可知文章是按时间顺序来安排的 b 2012 重庆 c 话题 自然景观词数 288w难度 thereisnobetterwaytoenjoyscottishtraditionsthangoingfishingandtastingalittlebitofwhisky 威士忌 ataquietplaceliketheinverlochycastle whenqueenvictoriavisitedthecastlein1873shewroteinherdiary ineversawalovelierspot andshedidn tevengofishing scotlandisnoteasilydefined incertainmoments thisquietlandoflakesandgrassesandmountainschangesbeforeyourveryeyes wheneveninggentlysweepsthehillsideintoorangelight therivers teemingwithfish canturnintostreamsofgold asyousettledownwithjustafishingpoleandabasketonthebankofriverorchy neartheinverlochycastle anyfrustration 烦恼 willfloatawayasgentlyasthecirclingwater it sjustyouandpurple pink whiteflowers seekingaperfectharmony ifyouareanewcomertofishing learningthebasicsfromafishingguidemayleaveyouwithalifetime sfun formany fishingismorethanasport itisanart scotlandoffersinterestingplaceswhereyoucanrestafteralongday sfishing setagainstawildmountainandhiddenbehindwoodland thebeautifulinverlochycastlehotelbelowthenevisisaperfectplacetoseethebeautyofscotland smountains bennevisisthehighestofallbritishmountains andreachingits1343 metretopisachallenge butit snotjustwhatgoesupthatmatters whatcomesdownisunique morethan900metreshigh onthemountain snorthface liesanall importantsourceofpurewater itsnamecomesfromthegaeliclanguage usquebaugh or wateroflife anditisthesinglemostimportantingredient 原料 inscotland sbestknowndrink whisky 语篇导读 苏格兰的景色难以界定 坐落于本尼维斯山脚下的theinverlochycastle拥有苏格兰最赏心悦目的美景 在这里您可以惬意地钓鱼 还可以品味用独特的本尼维斯山中的水酿造的威士忌 5 thestoryofqueenvictoriaistoshowthat a thequeenisrichintourexperienceb thecastleisagoodplacetogoinscotlandc tastingwhiskyisbetterthangoingfishingd 1873isaspecialyearforthequeen 解析 选b 细节理解题 由第一段第二句ineversawalovelierspot可知 queenvictoria对theinverlochycastle是盛赞不已 说明thecastle是一个值得去的好地方 6 howisparagraph2mainlydeveloped a bygivingdescriptions b byfollowingtimeorder c byanalyzingcauses d bymakingcomparisons 解析 选a 逻辑结构题 本段运用了大量的细节描写来说明苏格兰的景观特点 7 whatisbennevisspecialfor a theinverlochycastlehotel b thebeautyofitssurroundings c thewaterfromthemountain d thechallengeuptoitstop 解析 选c 由第三段第四句中的whatcomesdownisunique及第五 六句可知 第四句中的whatcomesdown指的是来自本尼维斯山上的水 8 whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage a tointroducescottishtraditionstotourists b toshowtheattractionsofscotlandtoreaders c toexploregeographicalcharacteristicsofscotland d todescribethepleasuresoflifeinscotland 解析 选b 主旨大意题 本文首先借queenvictoria之口 赞美了苏格兰的美丽景色 然后又具体详细地描写了苏格兰的山地 湖泊之美 长难句分析 setagainstawildmountainandhiddenbehindwoodland thebeautifulinverlochycastlehotelbelowthenevisisaperfectplacetoseethebeautyofscotland smountains 分析 本句是个简单句 句子主干是 thebeautifulinverlochycastlehotelisaperfectplace setagainstawildmountainandhiddenbehindwoodland是并列的过去分词短语作伴随状语 belowthenevis是介词短语作inverlochycastlehotel的定语 toseethebeautyofscotland smountains是不定式短语作place的定语 译文 位于nevis山脚下的美丽的inverlochycastlehotel背靠一座荒山 隐藏在林地后面 是一个欣赏苏格兰山脉之美的完美之地 c 2012 北京 d 话题 环境保护词数 362w难度 wilderness inwilderness 荒野 isthepreservationoftheworld thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved asjohnsauvenofgreenpeaceukpointsout thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild theuntouched morethananythingelse theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong andthedangerexploitation 开发 bringstosuchlandscapes 景观 isreal someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed therainforests forexample storecarboninvastquantities tomr sauven these ecosystemservices faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation leelane avisitingfellowatthehudsoninstitute takestheopposingview heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices suchaswaterconservation butthatisnot heargues areasontoavoidallhumanpresence orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation thereareevermorepeopleontheearth andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives ratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials andsomewildernessescontain theminabundance iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide theargumentgoes thereisnofurtherreasonnottodoso beinguntouchedisnot initself acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers ilookforwardtoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther andtotheirbeingchallengedbytheotherparticipants onechallengethatsuggestsitselftomeisthatbothcasesneedtotakeonthequestionofspiritualvaluealittlemoredirectly andthereisapracticalquestionastowhetherwildernessescanbeexploitedwithoutharm thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings butalsotheguidanceofreason whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldobviouslydeservesmuchmoreseriousthinking 语篇导读 在资源日渐匮乏的今天 人们又将目光投向了人烟罕至的荒野之地 是开发利用 还是加以保护 人们给出了不同的观点 9 johnsauvenholdsthat a manypeoplevaluenaturetoomuchb exploitationofwildernessesisharmfulc wildernessesprovidehumanswithnecessitiesd theurgetodeveloptheecosystemservicesisstrong 解析 选b 推理判断题 由第二段最后一句tomr sauven these ecosystemservices faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation 可知答案 10 whatisthemainideaofpara 3 a theexploitationisnecessaryforthepoorpeople b wildernessescannotguaranteebetteruseofrawmaterials c usefulservicesofwildernessesarenotthereasonfornoexploitation d allthecharacteristicsconcerningtheexploitationshouldbetreatedequally 解析 选c 段落大意题 本段的主题句是第三句butthatisnot heargues areasontoavoidallhumanpresence orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation 句中的that指的是上文中的usefulservices 11 whatistheauthor sattitudetowardsthisdebate a objective b disapproving c sceptical d optimistic 解析 选a 观点态度题 本文作者只是客观地给出了几种不同的观点 并没有发表自己的看法 12 whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage cp centralpointp pointsp sub point 次要点 c conclusion 解析 选d 逻辑结构题 本文第一段先提出了全文的主题 是否该对荒野之地加以保护 第二 三段分别提出了保护和开发两种截然不同的观点 第四段提出了一个新的挑战 能否毫无害处地进行开发 最后一段给出结论 d 2011 重庆 c 话题 文化教育词数 299w难度 gettingridofdirt intheopinionofmostpeople isagoodthing however thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt intheearly16thcentury peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths by1538 thefrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom sodidthekingofenglandin1546 thusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorineuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway henryiv kingoffrance wasfamouslydirty uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath thekingorderedthat toavoidtheattackofdisease thenoblemanshouldnotgoout thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong lived dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury scientificallyspeaking cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease yet itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceworldwar advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite clothseversofter surfacestoshine hasthehatefordirt however gonetoofar attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays manyfirst timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease onthecontrary maryruebush anamericanimmunologist 免疫学家 encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground 语篇导读 本文为论说文 谈论古今人们对污物 烂泥 灰尘的不同看法 13 thekingsoffranceandenglandinthe16thcenturyclosedbathhousesbecause a theylivedhealthilyinadirtyenvironmentb theythoughtbathhousesweretoodirtytostayinc theybelieveddiseasecouldbespreadinpublicbathsd theyconsideredbathingasthecauseofskindisease 解析 选c 细节理解题 由第二段第二句aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths 可知c项正确 14 whichofthefollowingbestdescribeshenryiv sattitudetobathing a afraid b curious c approving d uninterested 解析 选a 观点态度题 由第二段倒数第一句uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath thekingorderedthat toavoidtheattackofdisease thenoblemanshouldnotgoout 可知a项正确 15 howdoesthepassagemainlydevelop a byprovidingexamples b bymakingcomparisons c byfollowingtheorderoftime d byfollowingtheorderofimportance 解析 选c 逻辑结构题 由全文可以看出 文章讨论了从16世纪早期到现如今对于污物的不同观点 故c项正确 16 whatistheauthor spurposeinwritingthepassage a tostresstheroleofdirt b tointroducethehistoryofdirt c tocallattentiontothedangerofdirt d topresentthechangeofviewsondirt 解析 选d 主旨大意题 全文讲述了古今人们对污物 烂泥 灰尘的不同看法 故选d 长难句分析 intheearly16thcentury peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin 分析 这是一个复合句 主句是peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease as引导的是原因状语从句 在从句中又包含that引导的同位语从句 作it的同位语 译文 在16世纪早期 人们认为皮肤上的灰尘是一种阻止疾病的方式 因为医学观点认为用热水冲洗灰尘会打开皮肤毛孔让细菌侵入 e 2011 陕西 d 话题 科普知识词数 338w难度 eversincetheywerefirstputonthemarketintheearly1990s geneticallymodified gm 转基因 foodshavebeenincreasinglydevelopedandmarketedinmanycountriesintheworld mainlyonthebasisoftheirpromisetoendtheworldwidefoodcrisis butcangmtechnologysolveworldhungerproblems evenifitwould isitthebestsolution despitewhatitpromises gmtechnologyactuallyhasnotincreasedtheproductionpotential 潜力 ofanycrop infactstudiesshowthatthemostwidelygrowngmcrop gmsoybeans hassufferedreducedproductivity forinstance areportthatanalyzednearlytwodecadesofresearchonmajorgmfoodcropsshowsthatgmengineeringhasfailedtosignificantlyincreaseuscropproduction somethingelse however hasbeenontherise whilegmseedsareexpensive gmcompaniestellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides 杀虫剂 onthecontrary usgovernmentdatashowthatgmcropsintheushaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideusecomparedtotraditionalcrops thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicalsandboostproduction butneitheristrue saidbillchristison presidentoftheusnationalfamilyfarmcoalition atthesametime theauthorsofthebookworldhunger twelvemythsarguethatthereactuallyismorethanenoughfoodintheworldandthatthehungercrisisisnotcausedbyproduction butbyproblemsinfooddistributionandpolitics theseindeeddeserveoureffortsandmoney meanwhile theriseinfoodpricesresultsfromtheincreaseduseofcropsforfuelratherthanfood accordingtoa2008worldbankreport asamatteroffact scientistsseebetterwaystofeedtheworld anotherworldbankreportconcludedthatgmcropshavelittletooffertothechallengesofworldwidepovertyandhunger becausebetterwaysoutareavailable amongwhich green farmingissupposedtobethefirstchoice 语篇导读 本文主要讲述了转基因农产品的产量并没有由于转基因技术而得到提高 相反却下降了 作者在文章中以很多例子作为佐证来证明这一点 并且在最后提出了真正提高农产品产量的方法 17 theauthordevelopsthesecondparagraphmainly a byclassificationb bycomparisonc byexampled byprocess 解析 选c 逻辑结构题 文章第二段主要讲述了转基因技术并没能增加粮食的产量 接下来作者以举例子的形式进行表述 据此选c项 18 whatdoestheunderlinedword boost inthethirdparagraphprobablymean a control b evaluate c obtain d increase 解析 选d 词义猜测题 判断词义的根本方法就是 瞻前顾后 务必仔细研读其所在的上下文 甚至要结合文章中心思想进行判断 本段主要讲述的是转基因技术并没有提高农产品的产量 他们承诺 用的化学药品少 产量高 两个说法都是不真实的 根据上下句可知此处boost意为 增加 提高 19 gmcompaniespromisefarmersthattheywillbenefitfrom a practising green farmingb useoflesschemicalsc fairdistributionoftheircropsd usingmorecropsforfuel 解析 选b 细节理解题 根据文章第三段 thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicals 可知b项正确 20 whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsgmtechnology a optimistic b defensive c disapproving d casual 解析 选c 观点态度题 本题需要从整体着眼 考查作者对待转基因技术的态度问题 整篇文章主要讲述转基因技术并没有给人类带来多少好处 他们所承诺的化学药品使用少 产量高这两个说法都是不真实的 最后一段作者又提到了真正提高农产品产量的更好方法 由此可以判断 作者对待转基因技术的态度是 反对的 长难句分析 anotherworldbankreportconcludedthatgmcropshavelittletooffertothechallengesofworldwidepovertyandhunger becausebetterwaysoutareavailable amongwhich green farmingissupposedtobethefirstchoice 分析 这是一个复合句 anotherworldbankreportconcludedthatgmcropshavelittletooffertothechallengesofworldwidepovertyandhunger是主句 because引导的是原因状语从句 在从句中又包含which引导的定语从句 修饰betterways 译文 另一个世界银行报告得出结论 转基因农作物对于全球的贫穷与饥饿几乎没什么作用 因为有些更好的办法可利用 其中绿色农业是首选 unit2a 2010 北京 a 话题 人生哲理词数 368w难度 goldie ssecretsheturnedupatthedoorstepofmyhouseincornwall nowaycouldihavesentheraway noway notmeanyway maybesomeonehadkickedheroutoftheircarthe nightbefore we removinghouse nospaceforheranymorewiththebabycoming weneverreallywantedher butwhatcouldwehavedone shewasapresent peoplefindallsortsofexcusesforabandoningananimal andshewasoneofthemostbeautifuldogsihadeverseen icalledhergoldie ifihadknownwhatwasgoingtohappeniwouldhavegivenheramorecreativename shewassounsettledduringthosefirstfewdays shehardlyateanythingandhadsuchanairofsadnessabouther therewasnothingicoulddotomakeherhappy itseemed heaven knowswhathadhappenedtoheratherpreviousowner s buteventuallyattheendofthefirstweekshecalmeddown alwaysbymyside whetherwewereoutononeofourlongwalksorsittingbythefire that swhyitwassuchashockwhenshepulledawayfrommeonedaywhenwewereoutforawalk wewerealongwayfromhome whenshestartedbarkingandgettingveryrestless eventuallyicouldn tholdheranylongerandsheracedoffdowntheroadtowardsafarmhouseinthedistanceasfastasshecould bythetimeireachedthefarmiwasverytiredandupsetwithgoldie butwhenisawherlicking 舔 thefourpuppies 幼犬 istartedtofeelsympathytowardsthem wedidn tknowwhathadhappenedtoher saidthewomanatthedoor itookherforawalkoneday soonafterthepuppieswereborn andshejustdisappeared shemusthavetriedtocomebacktothemandgotlost addedaboyfrombehindher imustadmitidomissgoldie buti vegotnuggetnow andshelooksjustlikehermother andi velearntagoodlesson nottojudgepeople 语篇导读 一个偶然的机会 作者偶得一美犬 从不安到平静 但终究挡不住她的回家之路 一经重获自由便义无反顾 是什么力量使goldie如此坚持呢 或许是嗷嗷待哺的幼犬吧 由这一经历 作者也得出了不要依据表面现象判断人的结论 1 howdidtheauthorfeelaboutgoldiewhengoldiecametothehouse a shocked b sympathetic c annoyed d upset 解析 选b 细节理解题 由第一段中的 nowaycouldihavesentheraway noway notmeanyway maybesomeonehadkickedheroutoftheircarthenightbefore 可知作者一见她便动了恻隐之心 2 inherfirstfewdaysattheauthor shouse goldie a feltworriedb wasangryc atealittled satbythefire 解析 选a 细节理解题 由第二段 shewassounsettledduringthosefirstfewdays 得出 3 goldierushedofftoafarmhouseonedaybecauseshe a sawherpuppiesb heardfamiliarbarkingsc wantedtoleavetheauthord foundherwaytoheroldhome 解析 选d 细节理解题 由第四段 shemusthavetriedtocomebacktothemandgotlost 可知 4 thepassageisorganizedinorderof a timeb effectivenessc importanced complexity 解析 选a 逻辑结构题 由文中sheturnedupatthedoorstep duringthosefirstfewdays eventuallyattheendofthefirstweek eventually bythetime 可看出 本文是按时间顺序组织的 b 2010 重庆 c 话题 社会生活词数 275w难度 itishardlysurprisingthatclothingmanufacturers 生产商 followcertainuniformstandardsforvariousfeatures 特征 ofclothes whatseemsstrange however isthatthestandardadopted forwomenistheoppositeoftheoneformen takealookatthewayyourclothesbutton men sclothestendtobuttonfromtheright andwomen sfromtheleft consideringmostoftheworld spopulation menandwomen areright handed themen sstandardwouldappeartomakemoresenseforwomen sowhydowomen sclothesbuttonfromtheleft historyreallyseemstomatterhere buttonsfirstappearedonlyontheclothesoftherichinthe17thcentury whenrichwomenweredressedbyservants forthemostlyright handedservants havingwomen sshirtsbuttonfromtheleftwouldbeeasier ontheotherhand havingmen sshirtsbuttonfromtherightmadesense too mostmendressedthemselves andasworddrawnfromtheleftwiththerighthandwouldbelesslikelytogetcaughtintheshirt todaywomenareseldomdressedbyservants butbuttoningfromtheleftisstillthestandardforthem isitinteresting actually astandard onceset resistschange atatimewhenallwomen sshirtsbuttonedfromtheleft itwouldhavebeenriskyforanysinglemanufacturertoofferwomen sshirtsthatbuttonedfromtherig