新标准大学英语book2-unit5教案.doc

Unit 2 The world at warActive reading (1) Catch-22Teaching ObjectivesStudents will be able to: Predicting Identifying features of a formal writing style through reading Organising Students oral discussion by showing them how to present information and opinions Analysing trends by using patterns observed and researchedTeaching allotment (1 period = 2 hours)1st period: Pre-reading; While-reading (text structure; cultural notes; language points)2nd period: While-reading (language points; grammatical structures)3rd period: Check on students home reading (Passage 2); Background InformationJoseph Heller（1923-1999）：an American novelist from New York, best known for his 1961 novel Catch-22, an anti-war satire based on the authors own millitary experience. Hellers other novels include: Something Happened出了毛病（1974）, Good as Gold像高尔德一样好（1979）, God Knows(1984) , Picture This(1988), and a sequel to Catch-22, Closing Time(1994).约瑟夫海勒（19231999）美国黑色幽默派及荒诞派代表作家，出生于纽约市布鲁克林一个俄裔犹太人家庭。第二次世界大战期间曾任空军中尉。战后进大学学习，1948年毕业于纽约大学，获文学学士学位。1949年在哥伦比亚大学获文学硕士学位后，得到富布赖特研究基金赴英国牛津大学深造一年。1950到1952年在宾夕法尼亚州立大学等校任教。此后即离开学校，到时代和展望等杂志编辑部任职。1961年，长篇小说第二十二条军规问世，一举成名，当年即放弃职务，专门从事写作。 海勒的小说取材于现实生活，通过艺术的哈哈镜和放大镜，反映了美国社会生活的若干侧面，具有一定的认识价值和审美价值。当然，他的作品也带有黑色幽默派文学的一些通病，如对社会现实流露出无可奈何的心情等。Catch-22第二十二条军规 Catch-22 is a rule which says that anyone rational enough to want to be grounded cannot be insane and is therefore capable of returning to flight duty. A “catch-22” situation has become a general phrase to describe a difficult situation from which there is no escape because you need to do one thing before doing a second, and you cannot do the second thing before doing the first.可译为：“第二十二条军规；左右为难；无法摆脱的困境”，指悖论式的进退维谷的局面或叫人左右为难的情况。同类例句：1.如果你不创收，没人能养活你；如果你能创收，下了岗也饿不着你。所以你不下岗谁下岗？某领导对下岗人员如是说。 2.“本商场拥有本次活动的最终解释权”。 军规内容根据第二十二条军规，只有疯子才能获准免于飞行，但必须由本人提出申请，但你一旦提出申请，恰好证明了你是一个正常人，还是在劫难逃。第二十二条军规还规定，飞行员飞满25架次就能回国，但它又说，你必须绝对服从命令，要不就不能回国。因此上级可以不断给飞行员增加飞行次数，而你不得违抗。如此反复，永无休止。第二十二条军规内容提要第二次世界大战期间，美国的一个飞行大队驻扎在地中海的“皮亚诺扎”岛上。这是个光怪陆离的“世界”。大队指挥官卡思卡特上校一心想当将军，为了要达到自己的目的，千方百计博取上级的欢心。他一次次任意增加部下的轰炸飞行任务，意欲用部下的生命来换取自己的升迁。这支部队里还有两个“出类拔萃”的人物。一个是一本正经而野心勃勃的谢司科普夫少尉。他毕业于预备军官训练队，大战爆发他颇为高兴，因为战争使他有机会可以每天穿上军官制服，用清脆、威严的嗓音对那些就要去送死的小伙子大喊口令，而他自己由于视力不佳，且有瘘管病，所以没有上前线的机会。他为了邀宠上级，飞黄腾达，就发疯似地专心训练自己的中队，求得在检阅中获胜。由于他研究出不挥动双手的行进队列，被人称为“名不虚传的军事天才人物”，从此迅速步步高升，最后当上了中将司令官。另一个是食堂管理员米洛，他貌似“忠厚老实”，可是赚钱有术，以伙食采购为名，大搞投机倒把，办起了一个跨国公司。他用大批飞机走私，甚至还雇用敌人的飞机为公司运输，向敌人承包保卫桥梁等等。后来居然成为国际知名人物，当上欧洲不少城市的市长和马耳他的副总督。 本书主人公约赛连就生活在这个绕着战争怪物旋转的光怪陆离的世界里。他是这个飞行大队所属的一个中队的上尉轰炸手。他满怀拯救正义的热忱投入战争，立下战功，被提升为上尉。然而慢慢地，他在和周围凶险环境的冲突中，亲眼目睹了那种种虚妄、荒诞、疯狂、残酷的现象后，领悟到自己是受骗了。他变严肃诚挚为玩世不恭，从热爱战争变为厌恶战争。他不想升官发财，也不愿无谓牺牲，他只希望活着回家。看到同伴们一批批死去，内心感到十分恐惧，又害怕周围的人暗算他，置他于死地。他反复诉说“他们每个人都想杀害我”。他渴望保住自己的生命，决心要逃离这个“世界”。于是他装病，想在医院里度过余下的战争岁月，但是未能如愿。根据第二十二条军规，疯子才能获准免于飞行，但必须由本人提出申请；同时又规定，凡能意识到飞行有危险而提出免飞申请的，属头脑清醒者，应继续执行飞行任务。第二十二条军规还规定，飞行员飞满上级规定的次数就能回国，但它又说，你必须绝对服从命令，要不就不准回国。因此上级可以不断给飞行员增加飞行次数，而你不得违抗。如此反复，永无休止。最后，约赛连终于明白了，第二十二条军规原来是个骗局，是个圈套，是个无法逾越的障碍。这个世界到处都由第二十二条军规统治着，就像天罗地网一样，令你无法摆脱。他认为世人正在利用所谓“正义行为”来为自己巧取豪夺。最后，他不得不开小差逃往瑞典。约瑟夫海勒1961年的同名小说，该书的主人公为了逃避危险的作战任务而装疯，可是逃避的愿望本身又证明了他的神志清醒Warming- up Questions1. What do you expect to read about in a novel against war?2. What do you not expect to read about?3. Should a novel about war make you laugh?4. What do you expect to be the main idea?Possible answers:1. in a war novel:descriptions of battles which show heroismin an anti-war novel:stories of tragic and necessary deaths2. romantic,funny things3. no, because a war novel is serious4. tragedy, homeless kids, seperated families, etc.Teaching proceduresWhile-reading TaskCheck () the true statements. 1 Dr Daneeka agrees that Yossarian is crazy. 2 There is a rule that anyone who is crazy must be grounded. 3 Yossarian tells the doctor that other people will say hes crazy. 4 Dr Daneeka decides to check if Yossarian is crazy by asking other people. 5 Dr Daneeka has the power to ground people. 6 If people want to be grounded they must ask Dr Daneeka first. 7 Dr Daneeka thinks that anyone who wants to fly must be crazy.Language points1. military a. relating to armies or armed forces and the way in which they are organized 军队的；军事的e.g.1. The national government is prepared to use military force to achieve its aims. 中央政府准备使用武力来达成目的。2. The government has threatened to take military action if the rebels do not withdraw from the area. 政府威胁如果叛军不从该地区撤离，就将采取军事 措施。2. reveal vt. let sth. become known, for example a secret or information that was previously not known 揭示；揭露；透露e.g.1. He never revealed his identity. 他从未暴露过自己的身份。2. He revealed that he and his children had received death threats. 他透露说他和孩子们受到了死亡恐吓。3. The survey revealed that many consumers were aware of the risks involved. 调查显示许多消费者意识到有关的危险。3.bloodshed n. U a situation in which people are killed or injured, especially during fighting （尤指作战中的）杀戮；流血e.g.1. The battlefield was a scene of appalling bloodshed. 战场上一片恐怖的屠杀景象。2. This election result could lead to further bloodshed. 这次选举结果有可能导致进一步的流血事件。4. heroic a.1) relating to a hero （关于）英雄的；2) very brave and deserving admiration 英勇的；勇敢地e.g.1. The writer portrayed him as a heroic figure. 作家把他描述为一个英雄人物。2. She is known for heroic efforts to save her family. 人们都知道她为拯救全家所作的英勇行为。Word family:hero / heroine n. 5. commander n. C an officer who is in charge of a military group or operation 指挥官；司令官e.g. All the commanders gathered at the headquarters. 所有的指挥官都集合在司令部。Word family: command n.& v.e.g. 1. The ship is under the command of Captain Blake. 这艘船由布莱克船长指挥。2. He commanded his men to retreat. 他命令自己的人撤退。6. primarily ad. mainly 主要地e.g.1. The advertisement is aimed primarily at children. 这则广告的对象主要是儿童。2. around 80 per cent of personal computers are used primarily for word processing. 约80%的个人电脑主要用于文字处理。Word family: primary a.e.g. The primary cause of Toms failure is his laziness. 汤姆失败的根本原因是懒惰。7. comic a. 1) funny 滑稽的；好笑的e.g. The song provides some comic relief from the intensity of the scene. 这首歌给这个紧张的场面增添了轻松的气氛。2) relating to comedy 喜剧的e.g.1. Shakespeare created many comic characters. 莎士比亚塑造了许多喜剧人物。2. The ending of the play is comic. 此剧的结局是喜剧性的。 Word family: comedy n. Antonym: tragic 8. airman n. C a man in a countrys air force, especially one of low rank in the US or UK air force （尤指美国或英国的）空军士兵e.g.1. He had proved himself a most daring airman. 他已证明自己是个极其勇敢的飞行员。2. The airman boldly jumped from the plane with his parachute. 飞行员带着降落伞勇敢地跳下飞机。 9. insane a.1) suffering from very severe mental illness so that you cannot be considered legally responsible for your actions 精神错乱的；精神病的；2) (infml.) very stupid or crazy, especially in a way that is likely to cause serious problems, harm, or injury （尤指可能造成严重问题和伤害而）疯狂的；愚蠢的e.g.1. Insane people are sometimes dangerous. 精神病人有时非常危险。2. Thats an insane risk. 那是疯狂的冒险之举。Antonym: sane a.10. mission n.1) C a military operation, especially one by aircraft军事行动；（尤指）飞行任务；2) C an important piece of work that a person or group of people has to do for a government or large organization, especially one that involves travel 使命；任务e.g.1. He was sent on over 200 missions before being killed in action. 阵亡之前他奉命执行过200多次军事任务。2. Her mission was to improve staff morale. 她的任务是鼓舞员工的士气。 11. plead vi. ask for sth. in an urgent or emotional way 恳求；请求；央求e.g. 1. “Dont go!” Robert pleaded. “别走！” 罗伯特央求道。2. The organization pleaded for government help. 这间公司向政府请求援助。3. Moira pleaded with him to stay. 莫伊拉请求他留下。4. She pleaded with them not to gag the boy. 她恳求他们别塞住那个男孩的嘴12. ground vt. stop a plane from leaving the ground, or stop people from flying somewhere 使停飞e.g. 1. All planes are grounded until the fog clears. 所有的飞机都停飞了，直到雾散为止。2. A hydrogen leak forced NASA to ground the space shuttle. 因氢气泄漏，NASA被迫停飞这架航天飞机。13. snicker vi. (AmE.) laugh quietly, especially at sth. that is rude or at sth. unpleasant that has happened to someone（美）暗笑；窃笑e.g.1. The other students snickered at Steve. 其他学生都偷偷地笑史蒂夫。2. Smile, giggle, snicker, or chuckle! Smiling releases your tension and gives your mood a lift. 微笑、咯咯笑、偷笑，或者轻声笑吧！笑声可以释放你的紧张，提升你的情绪。 14. immerse vi. 1) put sth. in a liquid 浸；泡e.g. Immerse your foot in ice cold water to reduce the swelling. 把你的脚泡在冰凉的水中消消肿。2) involve oneself deeply in a particular activity or interest 沉浸于某事物；专心于某事物e.g. 1. She was far too immersed in her studies. 她太专注于学习了。2. He immersed himself in work so as to stop thinking about her. 他埋头于工作以便不再思念她。15. wrestle n. U the act of engaging in close hand-to-hand combat 摔跤；角力e.g. How come Arthur won the wrestle today? 奇怪，为什么今天亚瑟摔跤赢了呢？ 16. soberly ad. in a grave manner 严肃地；认真地；审慎地e.g.1. He walked soberly toward the altar. 他神情严肃地走向祭坛。2. We must soberly consider these questions now. 我们现在要认真地考虑这些问题。3. She will soberly think about their relationship. 她会审慎地考虑他们的关系。Word family: sober a. 17. combat 1) n. U fighting during a war 战斗e.g. General Gierson was killed in combat. 吉尔森将军阵亡了。2) v. take action to reduce, destroy, or prevent (sth. bad or undesirable) 与战斗，与斗争 e.g. The university has launched a research center to develop new ways of _ bacteria which have become resistant to drug treatments. (CET4-2003-12-57) A) regulatingB) halting C) interrupting D) combating 这所大学创办了一个研究中心来开发新的方法，对抗已经产生了抗药性细菌。18. specify vt. explain something in an exact and detailed way 详述；具体说明；指明 e.g.1. He didnt specify the matters. 他并没有详细说明是什么事。2. The details were specified on Page 35. 具体方法详见（说明书）第35页。3.The fund was specified to maintain the ancient buildings. 该项基金被指定为专门从事维修古建筑而使用。19. immediate a. existing now and needing urgent action 紧急的；紧迫的e.g.1. Lets try and solve the most immediate problem. 让我们尽力解决最迫切的问题吧。2. There is an immediate danger of war. 战争迫在眉睫。Word family: immediately ad.20. sane a. someone who is sane is able to think and speak in a reasonable way and to behave normally 神智正常的；心智健全的e.g.1. He seems perfectly sane to me. 在我看来他心智健全。2. No sane person would want to kill a baby. 神智正常的人不会去杀一个婴儿。Antonym: insane a.21. deeply ad. very or very much 强烈地；深刻地；深入地e.g.1. Her lies hurt her father deeply. 她的谎言强烈地伤害了她的父亲。2. Teachers are deeply divided on this issue. 老师们在这个问题上分歧很大。Word family: deep a. deepen v. depth n. 22. clause n. C (legal) a part of a legal document or law that officially states that sth. must be done（法律文件的）条款e.g.1. A confidentiality clause was added to the contract. 合同加了一条保密条款。2. Do you have any comment on this clause? 对这一条款你有什么意见吗？23. respectful a. feeling or showing respect表示尊敬的；恭敬的e.g.1. They listened in respectful silence. 他们一声不吭，都很恭敬地听着。2. He was always respectful of my independence. 他一向尊重我的独立。Cf: respectable a. 值得尊敬的e.g. Who is the most respectable economist in China?谁是中国最值得尊敬的经济学家？ 24. then and there: immediately at that moment and in that place 当时当地；当即；当场e.g.1. I loved you right then and there. 我就在彼时彼刻，爱上你了。2. He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there. 他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。Difficult sentences 1. Catch-22 is a rule which says that anyone rational enough to want to be grounded cannot be insane and is therefore capable of returning to flight duty. A “catch-22” situation has become a general phrase to describe a difficult situation from which there is no escape because you need to do one thing before doing a second, and you cannot do the second thing before doing the first(“a double bind”see Activity 9-3). 第二十二条军规；左右为难；无法摆脱的困境Catch-22是第二十二条军规的意思。“如果你能证明自己发疯，那就说明你没疯”。当代美语中，Catch-22已作为一个独立的单词，使用频率极高，用来形容任何自相矛盾、不合逻辑的规定或条件所造成的无法摆脱的困境、难以逾越的障碍，表示人们处于左右为难的境地，或者是一件事陷入了死循环，或者跌进逻辑陷阱，等等。 2. a horrible jokehorrible: (infml.) very bad or unpleasant; used to describe sth. that you do not likeNow translate the following into Chinese:1. horrible weather/children/shoes 2. The coffee tasted horrible. 3. Ive got a horrible feeling she lied to us.3. to be grounded not to be allowed to fly because you are sick or because you are being punished4. Indian wrestle It is a form of wrestling in which two opponents, lying side by side on their backs and in opposite directions, lock near arms and raise and lock corresponding legs, with each attempting to force the others leg down until one opponent is unable to remain lying flat.5. a close call A close call is a situation in which you only just manage to avoid an accident or serious event, such as a brush with death.6. get out of something avoid doing something that you should do or said you would do7. There was only one catch and that was Catch 22 It was a difficult situation that you cannot solve because you need to do one thing in order to do a second thing, but you cannot do the second thing until you have done the first. 只有一个诡局，那就是第二十二条军规。8. let out a respectful whistleYossarian makes a whistling noise by forcing air through his mouth to show that he is impressed by the catch: Thats some catch, (note the informal use of some) expresses an opinion about catch-22, that it is large or impressive.(不由得)充满敬意地吹起了口哨。Active reading (2) The story of Anne Franks DiaryWarming-up Questions1. Why do people write diaries?2. What do they usually write about?3. Who usually reads them?Culture pointsAnnelies(Anne) Marie Frank (1929-1945) was born in Frankfurt, Germany; in 1933 her family moved to Armsterdam, Holland ; from 1942 to 1944 they hid in a secret annexe with foer other Jews, helped by friends who brought them food.Her family were betrayed to the Germans and taken to a concentration camp, where Anne died a few days after the death of her older sister one of 1.2 million Jewish children who died in the Holocaust.The Diariy of Anne Frank: Anne always wanted to be a writer. She started the diary after her 13th birthday and continued writing for two years. The diary documents her experience of hiding during the Nazi occupation of Holland. When Anne heard that a member of the Dutch government was encouraging the creation of publication later: This means there are two versions, the original and an edited version.The Holocaust is the name given to the prganized killing of six mollion Jews and other people by the German Nazi government during the Second World War in concentration camps.A concentration camp was a place where ordinary people were kept as prisoners in terrible conditions during the Second World War by the German Nazi government.Language points 1. underwear n. U clothing that you wear next to your skin under your other clothes 内衣e.g. 1. You just need to take a change of underwear. 你只需带一套换洗的内衣。2. They left off their woollen underwear when the weather got warm. 天气转暖的时候，他们不再穿羊毛内衣。2. underwear n. U clothing that you wear next to your skin under your other clothes 内衣e.g. 1. You just need to take a change of underwear. 你只需带一套换洗的内衣。2. They left off their woollen underwear when the weather got warm. 天气转暖的时候，他们不再穿羊毛内衣。 3. yogurt n. C, U a food made from milk that has become thick and slightly sour, sometimes with fruit added to it 酸乳，酸奶e.g.1. a pot of strawberry yogurt 一罐草莓酸奶2. I prefer to have fat-free yogurt. 我还是吃脱脂酸奶吧4. annexe n. C a building that is added to a larger building or built next to it 添加的建筑物；附属建筑物e.g. Some of us will be sleeping in the annexe. 我们当中有些人要睡在增建的屋子的。5. refugee n. C someone who leaves their country, especially during a war or other threatening event （尤指战争中的）难民；避难者e.g. Refugees were streaming across the border. 难民川流不息地涌过边境。Word family: refuge v. & n. e.g. Residents took refuge from the bombing in the local church. 居民们在当地教堂躲避轰炸。6. emigrate vi. leave your country in order to live in another country 移居外国e.g.1. She emigrated to Australia as a young man. 她年轻时就移居澳大利亚。2. In the present difficult conditions, many people are emigrating from Britain. 在目前的困难时期，很多人正离开英国，移居国外。Word family: emigration n. Antonym: immigrate v. 移居入境7. Nazi a. & n. 1) a. of the National Socialist Party of Adolf Hiltler which controlled Germany from 1933 to 1945 纳粹党的；国社党的e.g. The Allies finally smashed the Nazi war machine. 同盟国最终粉碎了纳粹的战争机器。2) n. C someone who belonged to the Nazi Party, which was established and led by Adolf Hitler between 1933 and 1945 （德国）纳粹分子，国社党党员e.g. Nazi closes those war criminals inside their concentration camp. 纳粹把那些战犯关在他们的集中营里。8. invade vt. take or send an army into another country in order to get control of it 武力入侵；侵占；侵略e.g.1. The Romans invaded Britain 2000 years ago. 2000年前古罗马人入侵英国。2. What if aliens should invade the earth? 如果有外星人侵袭地球应怎么办？Word family: invasion n. invasive a. invader n. 9. conceal vt. 1) (fml) hide something so that it cannot be found 藏；隐藏e.g. Customs officers found the cannabis concealed inside the case. 海关官员发现了藏在手提箱里的大麻。2) not tell someone about something, especially because you are ashamed of it or worried about it 掩盖e.g. Dont try to conceal anything from me! 什么事都别想瞒我！Word family: concealment n. 10. confine vt. 1) (always passive) if something is confined to one area or group of people, it happens only in that area or affects only that group of people （被动）使局限于e.g.1. Your boating will mostly be confined to a few hours at weeke