高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Wildlife protection单元知识（含解析）新人教版必修2.doc

unit4 wildlife protection1. decrease vt.&vi.(使)变小；减少 n. 减少decreaseon the decrease在减少a decrease in sth某事物的减少the workers wanted to decrease the number of working hours and to increase pay. 工人们想要减少工作时间，涨工资。there has been a steady decrease in population in this city. 这个城市的人口在不断减少。【拓展延伸】increase v. & n. 增加，增长，增进increase by/to. . .增加了/到on the increase在增加中【名师点津】了与到的区别：表减少/增加了时, decrease和increase后都要接介词by；表减少/增加到时, decrease和increase后都要接介词to。【跟踪典例】用适当的介词填空1. compared with last year, our coal output has decreased _ 20 percent. 2. the number of new students decreased _ 210 _ 160 this year. 3. the world population is _ the increase. 【答案】1. by 2. from; to 3. on2. die out灭亡; 逐渐消失as a result, these endangered animals may even die out. 结果这些濒危动物甚至可能灭亡。many traditional customs have died out because they are out of date. 因为已经过时, 许多传统风俗已逐渐消失。【拓展延伸】die of因而死(一般指死于内因，如疾病、饥饿、情感原因等)die from因而死(一般指死于外因，如外伤、车祸、污染等)die away(声音、风、光等)慢慢变弱，渐渐消失die down(兴奋、火等)渐弱，渐息，平息die off (家庭、种族等)相继死亡，(草木)先后枯死【跟踪典例】用die构成的短语完成句子1. this kind of animal _in the world a decade ago. 2. the deer in the forest are all _for lack of water. 3. unfortunately, the soldier _a wound in the chest. 4. nowadays many people _cancer. 【答案】1. died out 2. dying off 3. died from 4. die of3. in danger(of) 在危险中; 垂危反义短语为out of danger(脱离危险)。why are they in danger of disappearing? 为什么它们处于消失的危险中?we should keep calm in danger. 我们在危险的时候应该保持冷静。【特别提醒】in danger指人或物本身处于危险中，受到外来的威胁。dangerous指人、物、事态可能造成危险, 对别人构成威胁。【巧学妙记】图文注解话危险a dangerous tiger is running after a little girl, who is in danger. 一只危险的老虎正在追赶一个小女孩, 她的处境很危险。 【拓展延伸】介词in+名词构成的短语知多少in silence 沉默地 in surprise 吃惊地in amazement惊奇地 in peace平静地，安详地in relief如释重负 in case 以防in return作为回报 in reward作为回报【跟踪典例】用danger构成的短语完成句子last month jane was seriously ill and was _. thanks to the doctors, she received the operation in time and so she was _at last. unfortunately, when she came back to the factory, she learned that she was _ losing her job because the boss thought she was too weak to do the work. 【答案】1. in danger; out of danger; in danger of4. relief n. (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除; 减轻痛苦的事物in relief 如释重负；松了口气the relief of. . .的消除/减轻to ones relief 使某人欣慰的是in relief daisy burst into laughter. 黛西如释重负, 突然笑了起来。the pills gave him some relief for the moment. 药片暂时减轻了他的痛苦。to my great relief, the difficulties were all overcome. 令我非常欣慰的是, 困难全被克服了。【跟踪典例】完成句子1. i was _when the exam was over. 考试结束后我松了口气。2. _to find they were safe. 发现他们很安全是一件非常令人欣慰的事情。【答案】1. in relief 2. it was a great relief5. contain vt. 包含; 容纳; 容忍it contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. 它含有一种强效的药物，可以防止蚊虫叮咬。she was too angry to contain herself. 她气急了, 无法控制自己。【易混辨析】contain/includecontain指所包含或容纳的全部内容或某物的成分include指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去, 通常指同类。常使用including+被包括部分或被包括部分+included的结构z&xxkthe book contains ten chapters, including american literature. =the book contains ten chapters, american literature included. 这本书含有10章，其中包括美国文学。【跟踪典例】1. 选词填空(contain/include)our six-city tour _ a visit to london. the container _ many kinds of fruits, _ apples/apples _. she couldnt _ herself any longer she simply had to tell him the good news.2. this atlas(地图集)_40 maps, _that of great britain. a. contains; includingb. includes; containingc. contains; containing d. includes; including6. affect vt. 影响; 感动; 侵袭affect sb/sth 影响某人/某事be deeply affected by被深深打动了the amount of rain affects the growth of crops. 降雨量影响庄稼生长。the audience was affected by his speech. 听众被他的演讲打动了。【易混辨析】affect/effectaffect动词，指产生的影响之大足以引起反应，着重影响的动作, 有时含有对产生不利影响的意思effect名词，多用作名词指效果，作用，常用于have an effect on对有影响【跟踪典例】1. 完成句子the south of the country was worst _ by the drought. 该国南方旱情最严重。we _the news of nelson mandelas death. 纳尔逊曼德拉去世的消息使我们深感悲痛。2. we are concerned about the weather because it _ what we wear and even how we feel. a. benefitsb. guidesc. affectsd. causes7. pay attention to注意you should pay more attention to the rainforest where i live and appreciate how the animals live together. 你们应该更多关注我所居住的热带雨林, 并懂得动物们是如何在一起生活的。a great deal of attention has been paid to protecting the environment. 人们已对保护环境投入了很多注意力。【拓展延伸】attract/catch/draw/get ones attention 吸引某人的注意力 fix/focus ones attention on 集中注意力于devote ones attention to 专心于 turn ones attention to 将注意力转向【跟踪典例】完成句子1. the colorful balloons _. 彩色的气球吸引了孩子的注意力。2. _the peace of the world. 应高度关注世界的和平。3. with _his study, he made rapid progress.因把精力集中在学习上, 他进步很快。【答案】1. attracted/caught/got the babys attention 2. high attention should be paid to3. much attention focused on8. appreciate vt. 鉴赏; 感激; 意识到appreciation n. 欣赏; 感激appreciate sth 感激appreciate (ones) doing 感激(某人)做某事appreciate it if 要是将不胜感激id appreciate some help. 如果有人帮忙，我将非常感激。we shall appreciate hearing from you again. 能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。i would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这件事，我将不胜感激。【特别提醒】appreciate后面若跟when/if引导的从句作宾语时, 从句之前应用it作形式宾语。类似用法的动词还有hate, love, like, dislike等。【跟踪典例】完成句子1. i would _you could turn the radio down. 如果你能将收音机音量调小些，我会不胜感激。2. i appreciated _to your birthday party. 受邀参加你的生日宴会我很感激。【答案】1. appreciate it if 2. being invited9. succeed vi. 成功vt. 接替; 继任succeed in doing sth 成功地做了某事succeed to sth 继承了succeed sb as. . . 继某人之后担任what must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed?要成功地保护野生动植物必须做什么?have you succeeded in passing the exam?你考试及格了吗?【拓展延伸】success n. 成功n. 成功的人或事 successful adj. 成功的successfully adv. 成功地 be successful in在方面成功【巧学妙记】成功记忆succeed及其派生词after succeeding to his fathers company as president successfully, he succeeded in making the company more successful in its field, which helped to make him a big success in turn. 在他成功地继承了父亲的公司，并成为公司总裁之后，他使公司在其领域里获得了更大的成功。继而，公司的成功也成就了他成功人士的地位。【跟踪典例】用succeed及相关词的适当形式填空1. weve started our own business. its a _ and we can earn at least $30, 000 per month. 2. he was glad that he _ in stopping smoking. 3. arthur was a highly _ businessman. 4. i passed the driving test _ through my hard work. 【答案】1. success 2. succeeded 3. successful 4. successfully10. pick out 挑选; 分辨出please pick out the most helpful piece of advice. 请挑选出最有帮助的一条建议。he easily picked out his friend from the crowd. 他从人群中很容易地就认出了他的朋友。【跟踪典例】1. 完成句子she _from thousands of applicants for the job. 从数千申请人中挑选出她来做那份工作。2. it was so dark in the cinema that i could hardly _my friend. a. turn outb. pick outc. pick upd. bring out【答案】1. was picked out2. b。句意：电影院里那么黑以致我几乎不能辨认出我的朋友。pick out分辨出。11. come into being形成; 产生为不及物动词短语，无被动形式，一般不使用进行时。it is said that such a custom came into being long ago. 据说这种风俗很早之前就有了。no one knows when the world came into being. 没有人知道，世界是何时形成的。【拓展延伸】come into fashion开始流行 come into use 投入使用come into power 掌权，上台 come into sight 进入视野come into existence 开始存在；产生；出现 come into ones mind 某人突然想到come into effect/force/operation 开始生效/执行/实施【跟踪典例】1. 用come短语填空when did this hair style _(开始流行)? you see, its still popular with young ladies. when hitler _(上台), many new laws _(开始生效)to encourage young couples to have more babies.2. perhaps it is true that nobody in the world knows exactly how the earth _. a. came upb. came outc. came into powerd. came into being12. incident n. 事件; 事变he told us some of the funny incidents that happened during the journey to europe. 他告诉我们一些去欧洲旅行时发生的趣事。there was a shooting incident near here last night. 昨晚这附近发生了枪击事件。【易混辨析】accident/incidentaccident是意外事件，通常指偶然发生的不幸事件或事故，如天灾人祸等incident是事情或事件，它既可以指日常生活中的小事情、小插曲，也可以指外交、政治方面的重大事件、事变【巧学妙记】大小事故之分【跟踪典例】英汉互译1. 被汽车撞了是大事故，不是小事情。_2. accidents are becoming incidents on this railway. _【答案】1. being hit by a car is an accident, not an incident. zx&xk*2. 这条铁路上出事故已成家常便饭。13. according to 根据所说，按照according to ann, a true friend is a person whom you can trust. 按照安的说法，真正的朋友是你可以信任的人。【特别提醒】according to后可接名词、代词和what从句。according to用来引出来自他人或他处的消息，不能与me或my opinion连用。in my opinion表示自己的观点，意为依我看，在我看来。【跟踪典例】完成句子1. _, the train gets in at 8: 27. 根据时刻表，火车8: 27进站。2. each man will be paid _. 每个人将根据各自的能力获得报酬。【答案】1. according to the timetable 2. according to his ability14. so that以致; 结果so that目的状语从句结果状语从句意义为了；目的是因此；所以情态动词从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词从句中一般不用情态动词标点符号从句前不用逗号从句前常有逗号he worked hard at his lessons so that he could gain high grades in the exams. 他努力学习功课，争取考试中能获得好成绩。he worked hard at his lessons, so that he gained high grades in the exams. 他努力学习，结果考试获得了好成绩。【跟踪典例】完成句子1. i speak loudly _clearly. 我说话声音很，大目的是让所有的学生清楚地听到我。2. it was raining heavily last night, _. 昨晚雨下得很大, 因此我们没去参加聚会。【答案】1. so that all the students can hear me 2. so that we didnt go to the party1.it shows the importance of wildlife protection, but id like to help as the wwf suggests. 这表明保护野生动植物的重要性, 但我想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助(你们)。(教材p26) (1)此句为并列复合句。由but连接并列句，but表示转折。(2)在第二分句中含有as引导的方式状语从句。as为连词，意为仿照, 像那样, 如。do as the romans do when in rome. 入乡随俗。the travellers reached the destination along the road as the map shows. 旅游者们按照地图所示的路线到达了目的地。【名师点睛】as作连词时用法小结(1)引导时间状语从句，意为当时候，随着；(2)引导原因状语从句，意为由于，因为；(3)引导让步状语从句，意为尽管，从句须倒装。【跟踪典例】he smiled politely _ mary apologized for her drunken friends. a. asb. ifc. unlessd. though2.after a while she saw some zebra with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs. 过了一会儿她看到了一些斑马, 它们身上有从上一直延伸到腹部的黑白相间的条纹。(教材p28) (1)这是一个含有with复合结构的简单句。句中的with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs作后置定语，修饰some zebra。(2)with的复合结构为with +宾语(n. /pron. )+宾语补足语。在句中with复合结构多数充当状语, 表示行为方式、伴随情况、时间、原因或条件等。with复合结构在句中也可以作定语。with复合结构的具体形式：he often sleeps with the windows open. 他经常开着窗睡觉。the building looks more beautiful with all the lights on. 所有的灯都开着，这楼看起来更加漂亮。the teacher went into the classroom with some books in his hand. 老师手里拿着几本书走进教室。【跟踪典例】用with复合结构完成句子1. _, i finished the work in time. 有了汤姆的帮助，我及时完成了这项工作。2. the thief was brought in _. 小偷双手被捆着带了进来。3. the guard stood at the gate _. 卫兵双手握枪站在门口。4. _, weve got more room. 约翰不在，我们有了更多的地方。【答案】1. with tom helping me 2. with his hands tied 3. with a gun in his hands 4. with john away3. he didnt realize who had killed many of his friends until he saw how his friend was being killed by man. 他没意识到谁杀害了他的许多朋友, 直到他看到他的朋友怎样被人类杀死。(教材p30)【句式分析】该句为复合句，who引导宾语从句；how引导宾语从句，how在从句中作方式状语；not until直到才引导时间状语从句。not until的用法：(1)当not until位于句首时，句子要倒装。其结构为：not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+。(2)notuntil句式的强调句型为it is/was not untilthat。it was not until yesterday that i noticed it. 直到昨天我才注意到此事。not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking. 直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。【拓展延伸】until与not . . . until. . .until直到，表示某一种行为一直持续到某一时间。用在肯定句中，句子的谓语动词必须是可延续性的；notuntil 直到才，表示直到某一时间，某一行为才发生，之前该行为并没有发生。用在否定句中，主句中的谓语可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词。i studied english until 9 oclock last night. 我昨晚学英语一直学到9点。i did not study english until 9 oclock last night. 我昨晚直到9点才学英语。【跟踪典例】一句多译直到下周才开运动会。_【答案】the sports meeting will not be held until next week./ not until next week will the sports meeting be held./ it is not until next week that the sports meeting will be held.现在进行时的被动语态当把现在进行时的主动语态的句子变为被动语态时，往往在be动词后加上一个being来体现现在进行时，然后再把动词的现在分词形式变成过去分词来表示被动，即：be (am/is/are)beingdone。一、现在进行时的被动语态的基本结构肯定结构be(am/is/are) being done否定结构be(am/is/are)+ not + being done一般疑问结构be(am/is/are)+主语+ being done特殊疑问结构特殊疑问词+ be(am/is/are)+主语+ being donea new library is being built now. 一座新图书馆正在被修建。some animals are not being protected well enough. 有些动物没有受到足够好的保护。is the bridge being repaired now? 现在那座桥在修吗?what is being done on the new medicine? 正在这种新药物上做什么?how many bridges are being built in the town? 在这个镇里在建的桥有多少?【思维延伸】主动语态变被动语态的原则：三变：主语变为by短语，宾语变为主语，谓语由主动变为被动；三不变：原句意思不变，原句时态不变，原句主谓宾以外的成分不变。they are building nine parks. nine parks are being built. how many parks are being built?二、现在进行时的被动语态的基本用法1. 表示正在进行或发生的被动动作，常与now, look等词连用。2. 表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作，但这一被动动作在此时不一定正在发生。3. 表示按计划、安排主语将要承受某个动作。4. 表示一种经常性或习惯性的被动行为，常与always, forever, continually, constantly等词连用，往往带有赞扬、责备、厌烦及埋怨等感情色彩。she is being examined by the doctor now. 现在她正在被医生检查。the life of the panda is being studied at present. 现在正在研究大熊猫的生活。some rock music is being played by them next. 下面将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。tom is always being praised by the teacher. 汤姆总是受到老师的表扬。三、使用现在进行时的被动语态应注意的问题: 1. 在现在进行时的被动语态中，be(am/is/are)和being缺一不可，且位置不可互换。my computer is being repaired now. 我的电脑现在正在被修理。(强调正在被进行)2. 像take care of, look after, talk about, think of等动词与介词构成的短语用于现在进行时的被动语态时，其中的介词不可省略。something is being talked about among those people. 在那些人中正谈论着某件事情。3. be(am/is/are)+ under/in+n.有时可相当于现在进行时的被动语态。the school is still under construction now. =the school is being built now. 学校现在正在建设中。the new law is in use. =the new law is being used. 这项新法律正被使用。4. 有些动词进行时的主动形式就可以表示被动的意思，常见的有print, cook, fry, bake, burn, hang等。the house is burning. 房子着火了。the meat is cooking. 正在煮肉。5. 有些表状态、心理活动、情感等的动词常用一般现在时的被动语态表示正在进行。you are wanted on the phone. 有人打电话找你。mp3 is becoming more and more popular. in other words, it is loved by more and more people. mp3越来越受欢迎，换句话说，它越来越受人们的喜爱。建议信的写作 1. 概念：建议信是写信人向收信人对某事提出的建议和忠告。2. 分类：(1)建议信有可能是写给个人，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点。(2)建议信也可能是写给某个组织或机构，就改进其服务提出建议或忠告。3. 内容安排：(1)首段：表明写作意图。陈述事由，简单介绍自己，注意语气。(2)主体段落：应该首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告。(3)结尾段：对提出的建议进行总结，要注意有礼貌，使读者容易接受。4. 语言特征：提出的理由要入情入理，一定要有礼貌。因此建议信要写得简明扼要，目的明确，具有合理性和说服力。写作模板dear_,you have asked me for my advice with regard to_, and i will try to make some conducive suggestions here. z&xxkin my opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions: _(建议的内容).i hope you will find these proposals useful, and i would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.good luck with your_(祝愿).yours sincerely,li hua1. 建议信写作注意事项 建议信的写作目的是提出建议或忠告，不是投诉信。观点要合情合理，注意礼貌当先。2. 写作方法 首段：a. 简介自己，不要罗嗦；b. 说明目的，注意语气。 主体：a. 提出具体建议；b. 首先肯定优点，再写改进内容，否则会变成投诉信；c. 经常进行交流，注意对方感受，时时提到你和我，否则容易跑题写成议论文。尾段：总结建议，注意礼貌，使对方易于接受。3. 写作流程图说明写信目的介绍详情、说明原因提出建议提出希望采纳建议，并表示谢意，盼望回复第一部分：说明写信的目的套语：(1) 来信收到，得知你下个月要对中国进行一次为期十天的访问，我建议 i have received your letter saying that you plan to have a ten-day visit to china next month. i recommend that(2) 写此信是要提出我对进一步提高和改进饭店管理的建议建立我们自己的网站来吸引更多的客户。 i am writing to you to present what i think on the further improvement of our hotel so as to establish a website of our own to attract more clients.第二部分：介绍详情、说明原因套语： (1) 它将于下午两点钟开始，四点钟结束，在此期间将会有十五位准备充分的参赛者发表演讲。it will begin at 2:00 pm and last two hours, during which time 15 well-prepared contestants will deliver their speeches.(2) 我们将会在上午八点出发，九点到达那里。we will start at 8:00 am and arrive there at 9:00. (3) 下午，我们会一起during the afternoon, well.together. (4) 记得带上水和午餐。remember to take water and lunch with you. (5) 顺便说一下，你可以乘坐322路公交车，它会直接把你带到俱乐部。by the way, you may take bus no. 322 and it will take you directly to the club. (6) 我知道你的母语是英语，还是一名英语老师。我代表我们学校真诚地邀请你来比赛现场。i know you are a native speaker of english and an english teacher, and i, on behalf of our