人力资源知识_企业对组织内人力资源的管理

HumanResourceManagementPart3 TrainingandDevelopment PowerPointbyCheng Chiang Johnnie Chen Da YehUniversity Chapter5 TrainingandDevelopingEmployees Humanresourcemanagement HRM Themanagementfunctionthatisconcernedwithgetting training motivating andkeepingcompetentemployees 對組織內人力資源的管理 一般指企業內所有人力資源的取得 運用和維護等過程 ManagersandtheHumanResourceManagementProcess PersonnelmanagementVS Humanresourcemanagement 人事管理被動 消極偏重日常事務的執行 缺乏規劃滿足組織利益與工作要求為目標獨立於其他企業功能一般人事流程的管理訓練以工作技能為主將人士支出視為不可避免的費用 人力資源管理主動 積極具有長期導向之規劃尋求組織與員工工作均衡與企業功能緊密結合兼具組織發展 OD 的功能強調人力資源發展將人力資源視為企業的長期投資 HumanResourceManagementProcess HumanResourcePlanning RecruitmentorDownsizing SelectionofEmployees Orientation TrainingandDevelopment PerformanceAppraisals SafetyandHealth CompensationandBenefits CompetentHigh PerformingWorkers TheStrategicHRMProcess Safetyandhealth Compensationandbenefits Performanceappraisals Identificationandselectionofcompetentemployees Adaptedandcompetentemployeeswithup to dateskills knowledge andabilities Competentandhigh performingemployeeswhoarecapableofsustaininghighperformanceoverthelongterm Traininganddevelopment Strategichumanresourceplanning Recruitmentanddownsizing Selection Orientation Unions Reengineering Globalization Diversity Environment Downsizing Restructuring Legislation 人力資源管理程序 圖6 1 TheLegalEnvironmentofHRM AffirmativeAction Employment Training Retention HumanResourcePlanning MakingaFutureAssessment MakingaCurrentAssessment DesigningaFutureProgram Employmentplanning Humanresourceinventoryreport Areportlistingthename education training prioremployer languagesspoken andthelikeofeachemployeeintheorganization Jobanalysis Anassessmentofthekindsofskills knowledge andabilitiesneededtosuccessfullyperformeachjobinanorganization 決定工作職責與性質 Jobdescription 工作說明書 Awrittenstatementofwhatajobholderdoes howitisdone andwhyitisdone 說明工作內容及方法 Jobspecification 工作規範 Astatementoftheminimumacceptablequalificationsthatanincumbentmustpossesstoperformagivejobsuccessfully 說明擔任此工作的人所需要的資格與條件 PopularJobAnalysisMethods TraditionalRecruitingSources InternalSearches EmployeeReferrals EmployeeLeasing TempServices EmploymentAgencies Advertisements SchoolPlacement Recruitmentandselection Recruitment Theprocessoflocating identifying andattractingcapableapplicants Selectionprocess Theprocessofscreeningjobapplicantstoensurethatthemostappropriatecandidatesarehired Reliability Thedegreetowhichaselectiondevicemeasuresthesamethingconsistently Validity Theprovenrelationshipbetweenaselectiondeviceandsomerelevantcriterion Performance simulationtests Selectiondevicesthatarebasedonactualjobbehaviors worksamplingandassessmentcenters RejectError CorrectDecision AcceptError CorrectDecision SelectionDecision Accept Reject Successful Unsuccessful LaterJobPerformance SelectionDecisionOutcomes SelectionDevices PerformanceSimulations WrittenTests Firing LayoffsandAttrition Transfers ReducedWorkweeks JobSharing EarlyRetirements DownsizingOptions TheEffectivenessofInterviews PriorknowledgeaboutanapplicantAttitudeoftheinterviewerTheorderoftheinterviewNegativeinformationThefirstfiveminutesThecontentoftheinterviewThevalidityoftheinterviewStructuredversusunstructuredinterviews SelectionDevices cont d WrittenTestsRenewedemployerinterestintestingapplicantsfor Intelligence trainabletodothejob Aptitude coulddojob Ability candothejob Interest attitude would willdothejob Integrity trusttodothejob Testsmustbeshowvalidatedconnectiontojob relatedperformancerequirements SelectionDevices cont d Performance SimulationTestsBasedonjob relatedperformancerequirementsYieldvalidities correlationwithjobperformance superiortowrittenaptitudeandpersonalitytests Well MatchedApplicants RealisticExpectations IncreasedCommitment RealisticJobPreviews Orientation Training andDevelopment Orientation 引導 新生訓練 Theintroductionofanewemployeetothejobandtheorganization 對新進員工提供公司的基本資訊 使員工能早一點進入工作狀況Orientation的技術舉辦座談會 雙向溝通樹立良好企業文化和組織氣候培養直線主管與新進員工的關係 建立師徒制即早回饋新進員工的績效表現Training 提供新進員工或現職員工工作所需的技能Development 長期性培養 訓練現在的管理者與未來的管理者 解決組織問題之觀念性能力 EmployeeOrientation SmoothInsider OutsiderTransitionImproveWorkPerformanceMinimizeResignations LearningtheRopes RealisticOrientationProgramsfornewEmployees Stress ROPES WarnaboutdisappointmentsHowtocopeiskeySupervisorsshouldmonitornewcomers Training101 TeachingnewemployeesthebasicskillstheyneedtoperformtheirjobsThehallmarkofagoodmanagerLackofproductivity Definition WhyTrainingIsBooming NOTjusttechnicaltraininganymore over 19billionspentlastyearonoutsidetrainingTeambuildingDecisionmakingCommunicationCustomerserviceTechnologyandcomputerskillsTraininghelpsmanagementmeetstrategicgoals 5StepTrainingandDevelopmentProcess Needsanalysis Instructionaldesign Validation Implement Evaluation follow up Determiningiftrainingisneeded Whatdeficiencies ifany dojobholdershaveintermsofskills knowledge orabilitiesrequiredtoexhibittheessentialandnecessaryjobbehaviors Whatbehaviorsarenecessaryforeachjobholdertocompletehisorherjobduties Whataretheorganization sstrategicgoals Whattasksmustbecompletedtoachieveorganizationalgoals Isthereaneedfortraining TrainingandDevelopmentPrograms TypesofTraining IndividualizingFormalTrainingtoFittheEmployee sLearningStyle ParticipationandExperientialExercises Readings Lectures VisualAids LearningMethods EmployeeTraining DeterminestrategicgoalsIdentifyessentialtasksDeterminecriticalbehaviorsAssessdeficienciesinskills knowledge andabilities TrainingMethods JobRotation SimulationExercises ClassroomLectures UnderstudyAssignments VestibuleTraining FilmsandVideos Typicaltrainingmethods SampleOn the JobTrainingMethods OJT 在職訓練JobrotationLateraltransfersallowingemployeestoworkatdifferentjobs Providesgoodexposuretoavarietyoftasks UnderstudyProvidessupportandencouragementfromanexperiencedassignmentsworker Inthetradesindustrythismayalsobeanapprenticeship SampleOff the JobTrainingMethodsClassroomlecturesLecturesdesignedtoconveyspecifictechnical interpersonal orproblem solvingskills FilmsandvideosUsingthemediatoexplicitlydemonstratetechnicalskillsthatarenoteasilypresentedbyothertrainingmethods SimulationexercisesLearningajobbyactuallyperformingthework oritssimulation Mayincludecaseanalyses experientialexercises roleplaying andgroupinteraction VestibuletrainingLearningtasksonthesameequipmentthatoneactuallywilluseonthejobbutinasimulatedworkenvironment 典型的訓練方法 表6 7 TraditionalTrainingMethods On the jobtrainingApprenticeshiptrainingInformallearningJobinstructiontrainingLecturesProgrammedlearningAudiovisualtoolsSimulatedtraining On the jobTraining Learnbydoing 4stepstosuccess Step1PreparePutthelearneratease relievethetension Explainwhyheorsheisbeingtaught Createinterest findoutwhatthelearnerknows Explainthewholejobandrelateittoaknownjob Placeclosetothenormalworkingpositions Familiarizewithequipment materials tools Step2PresentExplainquantityandqualityrequirements Gothroughthejobatthenormalworkpace Gothroughthejobseveraltimes givingeachstep Repeatslowlyagain Havethelearnerexplainthestepsasyougothrough Step3TryoutHavethelearnergothroughthejobseveraltimes Runthejobatthenormalpace Learnerdoesthejob buildingupskillandspeed Lettheworkbegin stickaroundforawhile Step4Follow upDesignatetowhomthelearnershouldgoforhelp Graduallydecreasesupervision monitorquality Correctfaultyworkbeforeitbecomesahabit Complimentgoodwork goalistoachievequality JobInstructionTraining Listeachstepinorderwithkeysteps Startmotor Setcutdistance Readscalecarefully Placepaperoncuttingtable Verifypaperiseven Pushpapertocutter Verifypaperistight Graspreleasewithlefthand Don treleasetopreventinjury Graspreleasewithrighthand Don treleasetopreventinjury Pullcutter safetyreleases Keepbothhandsinplace WaitforcutTofinish Maintaingrip Retractpaper Verifycutterisdone Shutoffmotor Lectures GivelistenerssignalsKeepconclusionsshortMaintaineyecontactControlyourhandsBreaklongtalkintoshorterseriesPracticemakesperfect Don tbeginonwrongfootBealerttoyouraudienceMakesureallcanhearSpeakfromnotesnotscript ProgrammedLearning Programmedlearning orprogrammedinstruction isastep by stepself learningmethodthatconsistsofthreeparts PresentingResponding Feedback ApprenticeshipTrainingInformallearningordailyinteractionAudiovisualtoolsSimulatedtraining OtherTraditionalTrainingTechniques ElectronicTraining ComputersandtheInternethaverevolutionizedtrainingCBTorCD ROMElectronicPerformanceSupportSystemsDistanceandInternetbasedTele trainingVideoconferencingInternettrainingLearningportals ElectronicTraining Cont JobAidsElectronicperformancesupportsystem EPSS Tele training Teletraining Atrainerinacentrallocationteachesgroupsofemployeesatremotelocationsviatelevisionhookups Videoconferencing VideoconferencingallowsfordistanceteachingortrainingManyPC scurrentlycanparticipateinremotetrainingwithprogramslike Instructorsmightneedtochangesometeachinghabits LearningPortalsInsight CorporatewebpagesorenterpriseinformationportalsfocuslearningoncompanyspecificsSomearehighlyspecializedportalslike TrainingForSpecialPurposes Literacytrainingtechniques50 ofworkersmayreadbelow8thgradelevelAIDSeducationOnemillionworkersmaybeinfected thiscancauseanxietyinothers TrainingForSpecialPurposes Globalbusinesstrainingsamplesinclude ExecutiveetiquetteforglobaltransactionsCross culturaltechnologytransferInternationalprotocolandpresentationBusinessbasicsfortheforeignexecutiveLanguagetraining TrainingForSpecialPurposes DiversitytrainingBettercross culturalsensitivityResultsexamples ImprovingtechnicalskillsSocializationU S workethic TrainingForSpecialPurposes CustomerservicetrainingAlmosttwo thirdsofU S workersareinservicejobs TrainingForSpecialPurposes TeamworktrainingOutwardBound RecipesforSuccess LifelongLearning Lifelonglearningprovidescontinuingtrainingfrombasicremedialskillstoadvanceddecision makingtechniquesthroughoutanemployee scareerNew oldskillsalikearelearned updatedcontinuously Definition ManagerialDevelopment Managementdevelopmentisanyattempttoimprovemanagerialperformancebyimpartingknowledge changingattitudes orincreasingskillswithanaimtoenhancethefutureperformanceofthecompanyitself Definition ManagerialOn the jobTraining JobrotationCoaching understudyapproachActionlearning ManagerialOff the jobTraining ThecasestudymethodGamesSeminarsUniversityprogramsRoleplayingBehaviormodeling 4stepsInhousedevelopment Dowomenmakebettermanagers Whatdoyouthink Haveyoueverworkedforafemalemanager Whatarethepositives Negatives GlobalExecutiveDevelopment CandidatesbackgroundsFamilysituationsBriefcandidatesonallrelocationpoliciesComprehensivetrainingProvideamentorEstablisharepatriationprogram EvaluatingtheTrainingEffort Controlledexperimentationispreferredwaytodesignastudyasithasacontrolgroupwhichgetsnotraining Measure4outcomesofthestudy ReactionLearningBehaviorResults Trainingevaluationform Multiperson GraphicRatingScales CriticalIncidents WrittenEssay BARS PerformanceAppraisalMethods 360 DegreeAppraisal MBO Performanceappraisalmethods MethodAdvantageDisadvantageWrittenessaySimpletouseMoreameasureofevaluator swritingabilitythanofemployee sactualperformanceCriticalincidentsRichexamplesbehaviorallyTime consuming lackbasedquantificationGraphicratingProvidequantitativedata lessDonotprovidedepthofjobscalestime consumingthanothersbehaviorassessedBARSFocusonspecificTime consuming difficulttoandmeasurablejobbehaviorsdevelopmeasuresMultipersonComparesemployeeswithoneUnwieldywithlargenumberofanotheremployeesMBOFocusonendgoals resultsTime consumingoriented3600AppraisalMorethoroughTime consuming 績效評估方法 表6 8 PerformanceEvaluation WhatDoWeEvaluate Traits IndividualTaskOutcomes Behaviors PerformanceEvaluation PerformanceEvaluation WhoShouldDotheEvaluating ImmediateSupervisor Peers Self Evaluation ImmediateSubordinates SuggestionsforImprovingPerformanceEvaluations Emphasizebehaviorsratherthantraits Documentperformancebehaviorsinadiary Usemultipleevaluatorstoovercomeraterbiases Evaluateselectivelybasedonevaluatorcompetence Trainevaluatorstoimproverateraccuracy Provideemployeeswithdueprocess Onemanager sperspective 360 degreeappraisal Anappraisaldevicethatseeksfeedbackfromavarietyofsourcesforthepersonbeingrated Discipline Actionstakenbyamanagertoenforceanorganization sstandardsandregulations Employeecounseling Aprocessdesignedtohelpemployeesovercomeperformance relatedproblems 360 DegreeEvaluations TheUnion ManagementInterface CompensationandBenefits Compensationadministration Theprocessofdeterminingacost effectivepaystructurethatwillattractandretaincompetentemployees provideanincentiveforthemtoworkhard andensurethatpaylevelswillbeperceivedasfair Employeebenefits Nonfinancialrewardsdesignedtoenrichemployees lives CompensationAdministration Knowledge skills abilitiesAuthorityandresponsibil