高考英语大二轮 （直击考点+把脉高考+突破难点）阅读理解 第6讲 “戴着面纱”的“事实”型细节理解题专题复习课件（含调研、真题）.ppt

第六讲 戴着面纱 的 事实 型细节理解题 所谓细节理解题 是指文章提到了与某个题相关的时间 地点 人物或事件 破解 事实 型细节理解题就像是在揭开一层面纱 抓住文章中的事实和细节是做好该类型试题的关键 也是做好其他类型试题的基础 换句话说 该类型试题大部分都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息或者转换了说法的句子 解题中非常重要 它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的事实性材料 其实在一篇文章里 大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节 2013 湖北卷 someyearsago writinginmydiaryusedtobeausualactivity iwouldreturnfromschoolandspendtheexpectedhalfhourrecordingtheday sevents feelings andimpressionsinmylittlebluediary ididnotreallyneedtoexpressmyemotionsbywayofwords butigainedacertainsatisfactionfromseeingmyexperiencesforeverrecordedonpaper afterall isn taccumulatingmemoriesawayofpreservingthepast wheniwasthirteenyearsold iwentonalongjourneyonfootinagreatvalley well equippedwithpens adiary andacamera duringthetrip iwasbusyrecordingeveryincident nameandplaceicameacross ifeltproudtobespendingmytimeproductively dutifullypreservingforfuturegenerationsadetaileddescriptionofmytravels onmylastnightthere iwanderedoutofmytent diaryinhand theskywasclearandlitbytheglareofthemoon andthewallsofthevalleylookedthreateningbehindtheirscreenofshadows iautomaticallytookoutmypen atthatpoint iunderstoodthatnothingiwrotecouldevermatchorreplacethefewsecondsiallowedmyselftoexperiencethedramaticbeautyofthevalley allirememberedofthepreviousfewdayswerethedullcharacterizationsihadsetdowninmydiary now ionlywriteinmydiarywhenineedtowritedownaspecialthoughtorfeeling istilllovetorecordideasandquotationsthatstrikemeinbooks orobservationsthatareparticularlymeaningful itakepictures butnotveryoften onlyofobjectsifindreallybeautiful i mnolongerblindlysatisfiedwithhavingsomethingtorememberwhenigrowold irealizethatlifewillsimplypassmebyifistaybehindthecamera busypreservingthepresentsoastoliveitinthefuture idon twanttowakeuponedayandhavenothingbutapileofpicturesandnotes maybeiwon thaveasmanyexactrepresentationsofpeopleandplaces maybei llforgetcertainfacts butatleasttheexperienceswillalwaysremaininsideme idon tlivetomakememories ijustlive andthememoriesformthemselves 语篇解读这是一篇富有生活哲理的记叙文 作者小时候喜欢写日记 每天忙着把 现在 记录在本子上 但她13岁时的一次经历使她意识到 我们应该学会享受而不是记录 现在 活着不是为了记忆 1 beforetheageofthirteen theauthorregardedkeepingadiaryasawayof a observingherschoolroutineb expressinghersatisfactionc impressingherclassmatesd preservingherhistory解析 细节理解题 第一段在讲述作者小时候记日记的经历之后说 把记忆积累起来 这不就是在保存过去吗 由此可知选d 答案 d 2 whatcausedachangeintheauthor sunderstandingofkeepingadiary a adullnightonthejourney b thebeautyofthegreatvalley c astrikingquotationfromabook d herconcernsforfuturegenerations 解析 细节理解题 第二 三段描述作者13岁的那次经历 当时作者还是热衷于为了将来的回忆而记录 现在 但晚上她看到山谷的美丽时突然明白 我写的任何东西都比不上此时让自己好好体验山谷的美丽 从此作者的态度发生了转变 答案 b 3 whatdoestheauthorputinherdiarynow a notesandbeautifulpictures b specialthoughtsandfeelings c detailedaccountsofdailyactivities d descriptionsofunforgettableevents 解析 细节理解题 第四段说 作者现在只把自己特殊的想法或情感写在日记中 即b项所陈述的 而不是 笔记和美丽的图画 日常活动的详细记载 对难忘的事情的描述 答案 b 4 theauthorcomestorealizethattoliveameaningfullifeis a toexperienceitb tolivethepresentinthefuturec tomakememoriesd togiveaccuraterepresentationsofit解析 推理判断题 最后一段作者说 也许我会忘了一些事实 但至少 这些经历将一直在我的脑海里 这就是主人公对生活的感悟 把握现在 感受今天 生活 重在感受而不是为了回忆而记忆 答案 a 做这类题一般采用寻读法 即先读题 然后带着问题快速阅读文章 找出与问题有关的词语或句子 再对相关部分进行分析对比 找出答案 例如 真题示例第3题 根据第四段 now ionlywriteinmydiarywhenineedtowritedownaspecialthoughtorfeeling 可知 作者把自己特殊的想法或情感写在日记中 故b项正确 test1 2013 湖北武汉四月调研 sarahoutland sweeklong staycation gaveherachancetoexplorehernewsurroundingsaftermovingtochicago adayaftermovingtothewindycitylastyear outland startedanewjobandnevergotachancetoexplorehernewsurroundings afterninemonthsasaresident shefinallytookaweekoffworktovisitfamouslandmarks museumsandshoppingcentersthatwererightunderhernose ifyouglancethroughanewspaperorlistentoanewsbroadcastrecently youmayhearorspotastrangeword staycation staycationisanewwordtheamericanpressisemployingtodescribeavacationveryclosetoyourhome orsimplystayingathomeduringyourvacation itisacombinationofthewords stay and vacation accordingtomanynewsreports thesestaycationsareachievinggreatpopularityamongamericanfamiliesthisyear whenaskedaboutthereasonfortheirexpectedstaycation respondentsstated gaspricesaretoohigh 61percent travelingeneralistooexpensive 44percent thehighpriceofgasforcarsandairplaneshasmadeitveryexpensiveforamericanstotravelcomparedtopastyears whenyoucombinethiswiththeweakamericandollar italladdsuptopeopledecidingtostayclosetohomeduringtheirtraditionalsummervacations foraggressiveyoungamericanswhoaretryingtobalancefamilyandwork astaycationcanbeagreatconcept theywanttoenjoytheirhomesandtheattractionsintheirareawithoutthestressofpackingormakingreservations theywon tbepayinghighfuelpriceseitherdirectly atthepump orindirectly inairfare otherthanthegasrequiredtodrivearoundtown absolutely it sfriendlierontheenvironmentwhenlocalstaketripstoattractionsintheirownarea andnoteveryoneisgameforavacationthatinvolvesstayingonahotelcompound fewpeoplelivecloseenoughtoarealdestinationtomakethisworththeirwhile 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文 居家度假 是当下流行的一种旅游方式 因为旅游成本低 很多人选择到本地的旅游点度假 文章主要介绍了当今在美国有关居家度假的一些情况 1 howlongaftermovingtochicagodidsarahoutlandtakeastaycation a aday b aweek c amonth d ninemonths 解析 细节理解题 根据第一段最后一句中的 afterninemonthsasaresident shefinallytookaweekoffworktovisitfamouslandmarks 可知 d项正确 答案 d 2 theauthordevelopsthesecondparagraphofthepassageby a makingacomparisonb givingadefinitionc offeringananalysisd providinganexample解析 推理判断题 根据第二段第二句 staycationisanewwordtheamericanpressisemployingtodescribeavacationveryclosetoyourhome orsimplystayingathomeduringyourvacation 可知 第二段介绍了 居家旅游 的概念 答案 b 3 staycationsarepopularwithamericanpeoplemainlydueto a hightravelingexpensesb stressofpackingc relativelylowincomed lackofrealdestinations解析 细节理解题 根据第三段第二句 respondentsstated gaspricesaretoohigh 61percent travelingeneralistooexpensive 44percent 可知 a项正确 答案 a 4 theunderlinedpart isgamefor inpara 4 means a istolerantofb isopposedtoc iswillingtotryd isexpertin解析 词义猜测题 由语境可知 当地人在自己周围的景点旅游无疑对当地的环境有益 而且并非人人都愿意尝试酒店聚会式的度假模式 答案 c test2 2013 湖北省部分重点中学高三下学期联考 debate canstricterguncontrollawsdecreasetherateofcrimesinvolvingguns yes becausewithfewerweapons yougetfewercrimes takealookatthecrimeratesofcountriesliketheunitedkingdom theircrimerateisverylow comparedtoourshereintheunitedstates justbysimplyputtingstricterlawsinplaceonwhocanownthem itwillgreatlyreducethecrimesinvolvingguns postedby 5h4yglory pastpracticetherewasanassaultweapon 攻击性武器 banbackin1994underbillclinton shootingsandcrimedidnotgodownforthe10yearswhenthislawwasineffect criminalsdonotfollowrules thelawonlyaffectsthosewhotrytoobeythelawtoarmthemtoprotectthemselves postedby jb1988 wakeup youamericans it shardlysurprisingthatamericahasoneofthehighestgunrelatedmurderratesofallcountries andofcoursegunsdon tkillpeople butthemorepeopleownguns theeasieritistogetaccesstoone thehigherthechanceofpeopleusingittokillsomebodyis ingermany wehavereallystrictgunlawsandonlyafewpeopleownguns andobviouslywedon tneedthem there snoreasonthatanormalcitizenwouldneedagun gunsaremadeforonereasononly killing postedby cstephie13 moreguncontrollaws fewershootingsonthesamedayasthesandyhooktragedy amaninchinaenteredaprimaryschoolwithaknifeandinjured22studentsondecember 14 however nobodywaskilled comparethattothe26studentsandteacherskilledatsandyhookinconnecticutwithapowerfulgun wemustlearnsomethingfromthistragedy postedby jasonx986 gunviolencegoesupwithmoreguncontrolcriminalswilltakeadvantageofthesituation theywilldowhatevertheywantandtakewhatevertheywantandkillwhoevergetsintheirway theywillgetgunsillegally crimeratesgoupasaresultofmoreguncontrol becausecriminalsknowyoudon thaveone andtheywillkillyouastheylike banninggunsdoesn tmakeanysense postedby eebnflow语篇解读本文是某网络论坛网民就 更为严格的枪支控制法规能否降低持枪犯罪率 这一话题进行的讨论 5 wecaninferthatjb1988 a hasagunb wasworkingunderbillclintonc isinfavorofguncontrollawsd isagainstguncontrollaws解析 考查推理判断 根据第二个帖子的最后一句 thelawonlyaffectsthosewhotrytoobeythelawtoarmthemtoprotectthemselves 可以判断 jb1988对枪支控制是持反对态度的 答案 d 6 whichofthefollowingdoescstephie13probablyagreewith a theusahasoneofthehighestmurderratesintheworld b themorepeopleownguns themorepeoplewillbekilledbythem c peopleneedgunstoprotectthemselvesintimeofdanger d gunsaremadetoprotectratherthankill 解析 考查细节理解 根据第三个帖子的第二句中的 butthemorepeopleownguns theeasieritistogetaccesstoone thehigherthechanceofpeopleusingittokillsomebodyis 可以得出 cstephie13认为拥有枪的人越多 被枪杀死的人也会越多 答案 b 7 whatdoweknowaboutthesandyhooktragedy a 22studentswereinjuredwithoutanydeaths b 26primarystudentswerekilledbyaknife c thetragedytookplaceondecember14inconnecticut d 22studentsandteacherswerekilledbyapowerfulgun 解析 考查细节理解 根据第四个帖子的第一句 onthesamedayasthesandyhooktragedy ondecember 14 可知 美国康涅狄格州桑迪胡克小学枪击案发生在12月14日 答案 c 8 whichofthefollowingthinksthatgunsshouldnotbecontrolled a 5h4ygloryb cstephie13c jasonx986d eebnflow解析 考查细节理解 根据最后一个帖子的最后一句 banninggunsdoesn tmakeanysense 可知 eebnflow是反对枪支控制的 答案 d test3 2013 湖北省部分重点中学高三下学期联考 youareneverreallyaloneinscience atleastnotatfirst mostacademiccareersstartwithaphd whichinvolvesworkcloselywithasupervisor oranadviser nonethelessit sworththinkingaboutwhetheryou lljoinateamofthousandsor onthecontrary workhardforatemporaryallianceoftwo joinalargeteam andyoumightplayapartinsomethingasbigaslandingasciencelaboratoryonmars butyou llhavetoworkexceptionallyhardtomakeyourcontributionfamiliartofutureemployers workingonyourownorwithasmallgroupputsyouincontrolandmakesiteasierforfutureemployerstoseeyouraccomplishments it sslightlymoredangerous there snoonetoblamewhenthingsgowrong butit sanexcitingwaytogoifyoucan whenistartedmyphdin2005 mysupervisorsetmetoworkwithasmall informalteam istillspendabouthalfmytimeworkingwithsomeofthesamepeopleonratherdifferentprojects theteambringshelpintheformofresourcesandfriendlycriticism thefieldyouchoosedetermineswhetherthismodeofworkingwillbesuitable inexperimentalparticlephysics forinstance it salmostessentialtoworkinabiggroup astronomy thefieldinwhichiwork findsitselfinanin betweenstate historically mostworkwasaccomplishedbyindividualsorsmallgroups butthatsituationischanging astelescopesbecomelargerandmorecomplex theyrequirelargergroupsofengineersandscientiststobuildthem runthemandinterprettheirresults theplancksurveyorsatellite forinstance listsaround200authorsonitsearlypapers individualsorsmallgroupscanstillworkonbigthings everydayitakemyowndecisionsaboutwhati lldonext sometimesthat sscary butmoreoftenit senormousfun ifyou redoingsomeresearch andgoing small isanoption i drecommendit 语篇解读这是一篇说明文 作者就进行科研工作的两种方式大团队和小团队进行了分析 列举了它们各自的优缺点 并给出了自己的建议 9 nowadays