8AUnit8过去进行时去精讲精炼.doc

初二英语一对一辅导讲义一过去进行时过去进行时是表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作。可以从两个方面来理解：1. 过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。Eg 1）They were playing football at ten oclock yesterday morning 2）. My mother was cooking when I got home 3).I was washing my clothes at this time yesterday 2. 过去某阶段持续进行的动作 What were you doing during the holiday? 另外，在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时 eg Jenny was reading while Danny was writing 其结构是助动词be的过去形式was/were ving其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。Eg We were working in class We werent working in class Were you working in class?过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如 last night， at that time， at noon yesterday， last Sunday this time yesterday等。 也有时没有时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时Eg The students all worked hard Everyone knew what he was working for 做题时常见错误如下： 一、易把be现在分词记成be过去分词 例：He was talked （talk） to his mum at that time 答案：was talking 解析：过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在be动词上。 二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词 例：1 I watching （watch） TV when he came in 2 They were play （play） games at 5：00 pm yesterday 答案：1 was watching 2 were playing 解析：现在进行时中“be现在分词，缺一不可”的规律也可应用于过去进行时。 三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing例：We were flying kites at 5：00 pm yesterday （对划线部分提问） What were you at 5：00 pm yesterday? 答案：What were you doing at 5：00 pm yesterday? 解析：现在进行时中“Whatdoing”?句式同样适用于过去进行时。 四、易与现在进行时弄混 例：My mother is cooking （cook）when I got home 答案：was cooking 解析：这两种时态的共同点是都表示动作正在进行，但现在进行时前提是现在，而过去进行时前提是过去，由when I got home可看出前提是过去。 五、易与一般过去时弄混 例：昨晚我在读一本故事书。 I read （read） a story book yesterday evening 答案：was reading 解析：这两种时态的共同点是都用于表示过去发生的动作。但过去进行时强调动作正在进行，而一般过去时则表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，它表示的动作往往已经完成。“在”说明正在进行，而“I read a story book yesterday evening”的意思是昨晚我读了一本故事书，言下之意已经读完了。故用过去进行时。 另外，在宾语从句中当主句为过去时，从句若是现在进行时，需变成过去进行时。 eg He said that he was drawing a cat at noon yesterday二 when while as的用法一）、根据从句动作的持续性来区分 1、“主短从长”型：即主句是一个短暂性动作，而从句是一个持续性动作，此时三者都可用。如： Jim hurt his arm whilewhen， as he was playing tennis. 吉姆打网球时把手臂扭伤了。 2、“主长从长”型：即主句和从句为两个同时进行的动作或存在的状态，且强调主句动作或状态延续到从句所指的整个时间，此时通常要用while。I always listen to the radio while Im driving. 我总是一边开车一边听收音机。 He didnt ask me in; he kept me standing at the door while he read the message. 他没有让我进去，他只顾看那张条子，让我站在门口等着。 但是，若主句和从句所表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边一边”之意时，则习惯上要用as。如： He swung his arms as he walked. 他走路时摆动着手臂。 3、“主长从短”型：即主句是一个持续性动作，而从句是一个短暂性动作，此时可以用as或when，但不能用while。如： It was raining hard when as we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。 二、根据主句与从句动作是否同时发生来区分 1、若主句与从句表示的是两个同时发生的短暂性动作，含有类似汉语“一就”的意思，英语一般要用as (也可用when)。如：The ice cracked as when I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了。 2、若主句与从句表示的是两个几乎同时发生的短暂性动作，含有类似汉语“刚要就”“正要却”的意思，英语一般要用as(也可用when)，且此时通常连用副词just。如： I caught him just when as he was leaving the building. 他正要离开大楼的时候，我把他截住了。 三、根据是否具有伴随变化来区分 若要表示主句动作伴随从句动作同时发展变化，有类似汉语“随着”的意思，英语习惯上要用as，而不用when或while。如： The room grew colder as the fire burnt down. 随着炉火逐渐减弱，房间越来越冷。 注：若不是引导从句，而是引出一个短语，则用with，不用as。如： With winter coming on, its time to buy warm clothes. 随着冬天到来，该买暖和衣裳了。 四、根据从句动作的规律性来区分 若暗示一种规律性，表示“每当的时候”，英语一般要用when。如： Its cold when it snows. 下雪时天冷。 五、根据主从句动作的先后顺序来区分 若主句与从句所表示的动作不是同时发生，而是有先后顺序时，一般要用when。如： When he arrives hell tell us all about the match. 等他到了，他会好好给我们讲讲那场比赛的情况。 六、根据是否具有“趁机”意味来区分 1、若从句所表示的“当的时候”具有“趁机”的意味，则通常用while。如： Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 七、根据是否用作并列连词来区分 when可用作并列连词，表示“这时(突然)”；while也可以用作并列连词，表示“而”“却”(表示对比)；但as则没有类似用法。如： I was just about to go to bed when I heard a knock on the door. 我正要睡觉，听见有人敲门。 One person may like to spend his vacation at the seashore, while another may prefer the mountains. 八、根据所引出的省略句来区分 1、 as和when之后均可直接跟一个名词，构成省略句；但是while一般不这样用。如： As When a boy, he lived in Japan. 他小时候在日本。 2、when和while之后可接现在分词、介词短语、形容词等构成省略句，但as一般不这样用。如： When While reading, he fell asleep. 他看书时睡着了。 二自主训练： （一 ）、单选 1 What _ from three to four yesterday afternoon?A have you done B had you done C did you do D were you doing2 I call you yesterday evening， but there was no answer Oh， Im sorry I _ dinner at my friends home A home B had C was having D have had 3 My mother _ while my father _TV A cooked； was watching B was cooking； was watching C was cooked； watched D cooked； watched 4 .When I got home， my son _ the music A am listening to B listened to C was listening to D was listening5 .We heard a cry when we _ TV last night A were watching B would watch C watch D watched 6. She asked him whether he _ back for lunch A come B was coming C came D had come7. Could you tell me when _? A she is coming B she was coming C will be come D is he coming 8 .The teacher _ when I came into the classroom A is drawing B draws C has drawn D was drawing9 The pizza _ by my mother Would you like to have some? A makes B was making C made D was made 10 Nobody noticed what she _ at the moment A will do B was doing C has done D had done 11 Was it raining hard when you _ this morning? A left B leaves C was leaving D would leave 参考答案：1 D 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 B 7 A 8 D 9 D 10 B 11 A （二）、填空 1 _ they_ （feed） the animals at 5：00 yesterday afternoon? 2 MrsGreen _ _ （not wash） clothes at this time yesterday 3 Grandpa _ _ （mend） his clock when I reached home 4 As I _ （walk） in the park， I saw some children playing games 参考答案：1 were feeding 2 wasnt washing 3 was mending 4 was walking一用所给动词正确行使填空1. I _ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.2. Mary _ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter _(do) the same thing.3. What _ you _ (do) at that time? We _ (watch) TV.4. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes ,he was. He _ (listen) to the radio.5. They _(not make) a model ship when I saw him.6. _ they _ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?No, they _. They _ (clean) the classroom.7. _ it _(rain) when you left school? Yes, it _. (No, it _)8. What _ your father _ (do) when he was your age?9. One day, Edison _ (wait) for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(轨道) to play.10. He asked me if I _ (go) fishing that afternoon.11. The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _ (leave) in five minutes.12. In a letter, john told us that he _ (come) to china next month.13. When the bell rang, jenny _ (wait) in her seat.14. She _ (make) her dress the whole afternoon.15. While my father _ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly _ a cry.16. When I _ (come) in the room, he _ (see) me, for he _ (read) something17. When we _ (arrive) at the village, it _ (get) dark and it _ (rain) hard.18. I _ (know) you _(wait) for me here.19. One day a little monkey _ (play) in a tall tree. A mother crocodile(鳄鱼) _ (look) for food near the bank.20. What _ your father _ (do) yesterday evening? He _ (study) at the evening school.21. Later his parents found that he _ (sit) on some eggs.22. When he knocked at the door, my aunt _ (cook)23. The students _ (sing) and _ (dance) happily on the playground at that time.24. I _ (write) a letter when the door bell rang.25. We had no classed at that time. We _ (plant) trees. 二.改错 1.She is fat but I am thin. 2.It was raining while we arrived. 3.She sang while he walked. 三.选择最佳答案： 1.She thought I was praising her child，_，in fact，I was scolding him for his bad behaviors at school. A.what B.while C.so that D.therefore 2.I do every single bit of housework _ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.A.while B.since C.when D.as 3.We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. A.when B.while C.until D.befor 四填空：when while1._ Margo was talking on the phone,her sister walked in. 2._ we visited the school,the children were playing games. 3._ Sarah was at the barbers,I was going to class. 4._ I saw Carlos,he was wearing a green shirt. 5._ Allen was cleaning his room,the phone rang. 6._ Rita bought her new dog,it was wearing a little coat. 7.He was driving along _ suddenly a woman appeared. 8. _ Jake was waiting at the door, an old woman called to him. 9.He was reading a book _suddenly the telephone rang. 10. _ it began to rain, they were playing chess. 11. She saw a taxi coming _ the woman was waiting under the streetlight. 12. _ the allien was in the museum,I called the police. 13.The boy was walking down the street _ a UFO landed. 14. _ the alien was visiting the museum,the boy called the TV station. 15.I was cleaning my room _ the fire broke out. 16. _ Linda shouted his name,some people looked at her. 一 用动词的适当形式填空。1. While we _ (wait) for the bus, a girl _ (run) up to us.2. I _ (telephone) a friend when Bob _ (come) in.3. Jim _ (jump) on the bus as it _ (move) away.4. We _ (test) the new machine when the electricity _ (go) off.5. She _ (not want) to stay in bed while the others _ (all, work) in the fields.6. While mother _ (put) Cathy to bed, the door bell _ (ring).7. As I _ (walk) in the park, it _ (begin) to rain.8. Even when she _ (be) a child she _ _ (already, think) of becoming a ballerina (芭蕾舞演员).9. It was quite late at night. George _ (read) and Amy _ (ply) her needle when they _ (hear) a knock at the door.10. There _ (be) a group round the fire when they _ (reach) it. An old woman _ (sit) on the ground near the kettle; two small children _ (lie) near her; a donkey _ (bend) his head over a tall girl.1. I _ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.2. Mary _ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter _(do) the same thing.3. What _ you _ (do) at that time? We _ (watch) TV.4. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes ,he was. He _ (listen) to the radio.5. They _(not make) a model ship when I saw him.6. _ they _ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?No, they _. They _ (clean) the classroom.7. _ it _(rain) when you left school? Yes, it _. (No, it _)8. What _ your father _ (do) when he was your age?9. One day, Edison _ (wait) for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(轨道) to play.10. He asked me if I _ (go) fishing that afternoon.11. The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _ (leave) in five minutes.12. In a letter, john told us that he _ (come) to china next month.13. When the bell rang, jenny _ (wait) in her seat.14. She _ (make) her dress the whole afternoon.15. While my father _ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly _ a cry.二、 选择题。1. I _ cooked a meal when you _ me.a. cooked, were ringing b. was cooking, rangc. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, rang2. He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try3. While she _ TV, she _ a sound outside the room.a. was watching, was hearing b. watched, was hearing c. watched, heard d. was watching, heard4. They _ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.a. were watching b. watch c. watched d. are watching5. What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon?a. did, read, was seeing b. did, read, saw c. were, reading, saw d. were, reading, was seeing6. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _ ready to fly to England.a. are getting b. get c. were getting d. got7. Lei Feng _ always _ of others when he _ in the army.a. is, thinking, was b. was, thinking, is c. did, think, is d. was, thinking, was8. A girl _ my pen fall off the table when she _ me.a. saw, passed b. was seeing, passed c. was seeing, passed d. was seeing, was passing9. We _ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us _.a. were waiting, waiting b. were waiting, w