美国文学史 作家 代表作 写作特点.doc

美国文学家及作品1、Benjamin Franklin本杰明富兰克林1706-1790A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; Poor Richards Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传almanacs(年鉴) havs a lot of witty, humorous proverbs and maxims(格言)/ filled the book with many witticisms./spirit: obtain success by hard work and thrift.2、Philip Freneau菲利普弗伦诺1752-1832The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地Write poems of nature, the American freedom, the Indian culture.A transitional figure in American literature, a combination of neoclassicism（新古典主义） and romanticism(浪漫主义)the poet of American Revolution, the first American writer to idealize native Indian civilization Father of American Poetry 美国诗歌之父3、Washington Irving华盛顿欧文1783-1859A History of New York纽约的历史-美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记美国历史上第一部短篇小；The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 rip van winkle 瑞普.凡.温克尔The first American to achieve international literary reputation.第一个获得国际声誉的作家、The first American Man of Letter 第一个纯文学作家、the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. 美国第一位浪漫主义散文文体作家Style: lucid(清楚易懂的)styles, use of irony, dignified(有威严的) words and exaggeration4、James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯费尼莫尔库珀1789-1851The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Little page Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿; Leather-stocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者launched two kinds of immensely popular stories the sea adventure tale and the frontier saga 开创了两种流传极广的小说体裁，边疆传奇小说和海上传奇小说style：plain and straightforward. His lucid description of nature often achieves a poetic simplicity.5、Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔霍桑1804-1864Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼布朗;The Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子; The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像(红字) suffuse(充满) with allegory and symbolism, metaphor(隐喻)and similes(明喻). The use of colors of black, red and gray contributes to the vivid expression of mood. Use of setting effectively immersed readers in the atmosphere. Ambiguity(模棱两可的话) works as a repetitive technique in this work.6、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加爱伦坡1809-1849Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗；Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集; Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔;To Helen致海伦；The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌；The Raven乌鸦(theme:undying devotion 不朽的爱)小说特点：Gothic tales with complex characters in deep psychological state. 小说（ the gold-bug, the murders in the rue morgue）诗歌特点：original in theme, but unique in the way the poet structure the piece and cunning in the way he calculated its efforts: fashioning rhyme, meter, and rhythm in a unique combination and poetic structure.7、Henry David Threau亨利戴维梭罗1817-1862Walden瓦尔登湖(a great transcendentalist book) ;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府/非暴力不合作;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack RiversEconomic and social individualism, his faith in the value of the inner life of man, and his feeling for the unity of man and nature. He not only embraces Emersons Transcendentalist philosophy but goes even further to explain the pantheistic(泛神论的) quality of nature.Notable for his descriptive ability, his command of epigrammatic （讽刺短诗）statement, his skillful use of symbolic analogy（类比）, and his original sense of language.8、Herman Melville赫尔曼梅尔维尔1819-1891Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比迪克/白鲸(The book is steeped in symbolism象征主义手法)；Typee泰比;Omoo奥穆;Mardi玛地;Redburn雷得本;White Jacket白外衣;Pierre皮尔埃;Piazza广场故事;Billy Budd比利巴德The dominant themes of his major works: exploration of historical and psychological origins, development of self and society, the desire to create and destroy gods and heroes. Style: employing complex grammatical structure, authorial commentary, realistic approach to narration, and extensive use of allegory.9、Walt Whitman沃尔特惠特曼1819-1892(Americans first poet of democracy)Leaves of Grass草叶集（the first genuine epic poem. 美国历史上第一部真正的史诗）;Song of Myself自我之歌(lyrical vs colloquial language(俚语), passionate yet boastful tone) Americanism, individualism, democracy and equality Pantheistic love for natureembodying over-soul (超灵)Body electricpleasures of sex an sensuality of the body Created free verse、end-stopped line 10、Mark Twain马克吐温(美国文学的一大里程碑)The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocents Abroad傻瓜出国记;The Gilded Age镀金时代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆索耶历险记;The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利费恩历险记（美国现实主义文学的代表作）Colloquial and dialectal speech is the most outstanding linguistic feature of the novel. It is true, vivid, unpretentious, rhythmic and poetic.11、Henry James享利詹姆斯1843-1916The American ；Daisy Miller苔瑟米乐；The Portrait of a Lady贵妇人画像；The Bostonians波士顿人；the spoils of Poynton；The Wings of the Dove鸽翼；The Ambassadors大使；The Golden Bowl金碗the founder of psychological realism 心理现实主义开创者one of the three strong advocates of 19th century American realism, the other two being Howells and Mark Twain.Emphasize inner awareness and psychological reality.“International situation” are set against a background between America and Europe12、Theodore Dreiser西奥多德莱塞1871-1945Sister Carrie嘉莉妹妹;Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘;Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲(Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic);An American Tragedy美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟大的小说）;Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗Pioneer of the naturalist school in American literature Determinism 宿命论Men and women, despite their social status and temperaments, will always seek to achieve fulfillment of sexual gratification, hunger for power and materialist desires.Openness about sexual 13、Jack London杰克伦敦1876-1916The Sea-wolf海狼；The Son of the Wolf狼之子；The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤；White Fang白獠牙；Marti Eden马丁伊登；The Iron Heel铁蹄Determinist tone in that mankinds behavior is determined by the law of natureChronological narration, simple diction and plain structure 14、Robert Frost罗伯特弗罗斯特1874-1963（win four Pulitzer Prizes获得了四次普利兹奖.）A Boys Wish少年心愿；North of Boston波士顿之北; Mountain Interval山间；West-running Brook西流的溪涧;A Further Range又一片牧场; a masque of reason; in the clearing；mending Wall修墙;The Road Not taken没有选择的道路；stopping by woods on a snowy evening “The Road Not Taken”、“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”向往大自然，想逃避社会；死亡、迷惑Imagery(比喻)，rhythmic qualities and dramatic tension of his poetry. He believes that man is alone in the world, and things happen, neither for good nor for evil, but they simple occur. Making choices and keeping steadfast are the solution to the predicament(窘境) of life. 15、Ezra Pound艾兹拉庞德1885-1972（Imagism 意象派的代表人物）The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派诗选（英译中国诗）; Hugh Selwyn Mauberly ；The Cantos of Ezra Pound庞德诗章（109首及8首未完成稿）Cathay华夏; the seafarer 海员In a station of the metroThe river-merchants wife: a letterA forerunner of modern American poetry、leader of the amagist1、War as evil 2、need for a “clean” economy 3、necessity of order, authority, hierarchy(阶级组织) and totalitarianism（极权主义）.16、F Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯菲茨杰拉德1896-1940The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比; he Side of Paradise人间天堂; The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和倒霉；Flappers and Philosophers姑娘们和哲学家们;Tales of the Jazz爵士时代的故事; Taps at Reveille早晨的起床号；Tender in the Night夜色温柔;Represent the spirit of the Jazz Age.Depicting the upper-class young people of the decade who spent lavishly and extravagantly, and enjoyed themselves to their hearts content. Both glamour and the sordidness of American society during WW117、William Faulkner威廉福克纳1897-1962the Marble Faun云石林神（诗集）;Soldiers Pay兵饷（小说）短篇小说：Dry September干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣;As I lay dying当我垂死的时候;Light in August八月之光;Absalom,Absolam 押沙龙，押沙龙A rose for emilythe universal theme of “the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself”人类心灵与自己冲突是宇宙永恒的主题。narrative method叙述方法:1、stream of consciousness 意识流2、multiple point of view, narrator多角度，多个叙述者18、Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特海明威1899-1961The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms永别了，武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣；The Old man and The Sea 老人与海3、His primary concern was an individuals “moment of truth,” and his fascination with the threat of physical, emotional, of psychic death is reflected in his lifelong preoccupation with stories of war.主题强调换个体“真理的瞬时性”，痴迷于描写肉体情感方面面临的威胁和心灵死亡等主题。1、Hemingway style is characterized by economy and understatement. Hemingway usually choose words that are concrete, specific, common, casual and conversational, and arranges them in short and simple sentences.2、mans greatest achievement is to show grace under pressure, or purity of line through the maximum of exposure最大限度地挖掘自己使自己成为一个纯粹的人.19、John Steinbeck约翰斯坦贝克1902-1966Cup of Gold金杯;Tortilla Flat煎饼房;In Dubious Battle胜负未定;Of Mice and Men鼠和人;The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄; The Pearl珍珠the foremost novelist of the American Depression.美国大萧条时期最杰出的小说家。20、William EB Dubois威廉艾伯杜波依斯1868-1963Souls of Black Folk黑人的灵魂;The Suppression of the African Slave Trade into the USA制止非洲奴隶贸易进入美国;The Philadephia Negro; John Brown; The Black Flame黑色的火焰（三部曲）美国黑人知识分子21、Langston Hughes兰斯顿休斯19021967The Negro Speaks of Rivers ; Dreams 黑人文学方面，举足轻重，被誉为“黑人民族的桂冠诗人”。从黑人的音乐和民歌中汲取营养，把爵士乐的节奏融入于自由诗中，开阔，舒展，节奏热情。格调清新，意境深远，具有震撼人心的感人力量.22、Ralph Ellison拉尔夫埃利林1914-1994长篇小说：Invisible Man看不见的人散文集：Shadow and Act影子与行动;Going to the Territory步入文学界在美学上，他的主要观点是“小说家应该对民主承担道德责任”。他的小说致力于改变传统的黑人公式化形象、重塑黑人人性。23、James Baldwin詹姆斯鲍德温1924-1987散文集：