Unit_One_Friendship_Lesson_2.ppt

UnitOneFriendship TextAWhatisFriendship ADetailedReading 2020 1 7 2 Friendshipisaninhumanhistory Alifewithoutfriendshipishardtoimagine Butwhatisfriendship Readthefollowingtextandseeifyoucangainsomenewintothetruemeaningoffriendship TextReading eternal theme insights 2020 1 7 3 Whenwethenotionoffriendship ourfirstproblemisthatthereisalackofsociallycriteriaforwhatmakesapersonafriend Inonesetting wemaydescribesomeoneasafriend inanother thelabelmayseemlessappropriate Therefore peopletendtohaveaverythinunderstandingofwhatfriendshipreallymeans Tohelpusunderstandwhatfriendshipreallymeans weneedtoreviewsomeclassicalviewsoffriendship OneclassicalviewoffriendshipisprovidedbyAristotle thefamousancientGreekphilosopher Aristotledistinguishesbetweenwhathebelievestobegenuinefriendshipsandtwootherforms onebasedonmutualusefulness theotheronpleasure So accordingtoAristotle wemayfindthreekindsoffriendship WhatIsFriendship MicheleE Doyle MarkK Smith TextReading 1 2 approach acknowledged 2020 1 7 4 Friendshipbasedonutility Utilityisanimpermanentthing itchangesaccordingtocircumstances Whenthegroundforfriendshipdisappears thefriendshipalsobreaksup Friendshipsofthiskindseemtooccurmostfrequentlybetweentheelderly becauseattheiragewhattheywantis notpleasurebututility Friendshipsbasedonutilityarealsofrequentlyfoundamongthoseinmiddleorearlylifewhoarepursuingtheirownadvantage Suchpersonsdonotspendmuchtimetogether becausesometimestheydonotevenlikeoneanother andthereforefeelnoneedofsuchanassociationunlesstheyaremutuallyuseful Theytakepleasureineachother scompanyonlyinsofarastheyhavehopesofadvantagefromit TextReading 3 2020 1 7 5 themoment Astheygrowup however theirtasteschangetoo sothattheyarequicktomakeandtobreakfriendships Thatiswhytheyfallinandoutoffriendshipquickly changingtheirattitudeoften evenwithinthesameday Friendshipbasedonpleasure Friendshipbetweentheyoungisthoughttobegroundedonpleasure becausethelivesoftheyoungareregulatedbytheirfeelings andtheirchiefinterestsareintheirownpleasureandtheopportunityof Friendshipbasedongoodness Perfectfriendshipisbasedongoodness Onlythefriendshipofthosewhoaregood andsimilarintheirgoodness isperfect Theconductofgoodmenisthesameorsimilar Itisbetweengoodmenthatbothloveandfriendshiparechieflyfoundandinthehighestform Suchfriendshipsarerareandtheyneedtimeandintimacy TextReading 4 5 2020 1 7 6 AnotherclassicalviewoffriendshipcanbefoundinthewritingsofCicero anancientRomanstatesmanandorator AccordingtoCicero truefriendshipisonlypossiblebetweengoodmen Hefurtherdefines thegood as thosewhoseactionsandlivesleavenoquestionastotheirhonor purity equity andliberality whoarefreefromgreed lust andviolence andwhohavethecourageoftheirconvictions Thefriendshipbetweengoodmen basedonvirtue doesoffermaterialbenefits butitdoesnotseekthem Allhumanbeingsarebondedtogetherinacommunityofsharedreason Therefore infriendships forasthesayinggoes truefriendsmustgothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether Andnotwopersonscanaccepteachotherandbecomefriendsuntileachhasprovedtotheotherthatheisworthyoflove andsowonhistrust Thewishforfriendshipmaydeveloprapidly buttruefriendshipdoesnot TextReading 6 2020 1 7 7 Thus wemayseethatthetraditionalideaoffriendshipismadeupofthreecomponents Friendsmustenjoyeachother scompany theymustbeusefultooneanother andtheymustshareacommitmenttothegood Accordingtotheclassicalviews virtuousfriendsareboundtogether astheyrecognizeeachother smoralexcellence andrelationships thosewhopossessanysuperioritymustregardthemselvesasequalsofthosewhoarelessfortunate Itisvirtuethatcreatesandpreservestruefriendship TextReading 7 8 Toperceiveafriend therefore istoperceiveoneself andtoknowafriendistoknowoneself Eachcanbesaidtoprovideamirrorinwhichtheothermayseehimself Throughnetworksofsuchvirtuousfriends wecandevelopasharedideaofthegoodandpursueittogether Friendshipofthiskindispermanent becauseinitareunitedalltheattributesthatfriendsoughttopossess TextReading Para 1ExtendedQuestions 1 Whatareyourcriteriaforwhatmakesapersonafriend Honest unselfish optimistic polite considerate reliable righteous helpful kindhearted good tempered hard working etc 2 DoyouhappentoknowanyclassicalviewsoffriendshipinChineseculture Confuciussaid threekindsoffriendswilldoonegood uprightfriends trustworthyfriendsandwell informedfriends 孔子曰 益者三友 友直 友谅 友多闻 2020 1 7 9 Para 3ExtendedQuestions 2020 1 7 10 Doyouagreethatoldpeopletendtobasefriendshiponutilityratherthanpleasure Yes becauseoldpeopleneedhelp especiallythosewhohaveretired Theyneedother scompanysothattheywillnotfeelisolatedorlonely No Todaymanyoldpeopleliketopursuespiritualwell being Theymakefriendsnotbecausetheyneedhelpfromeachotherbutbecausetheyappreciateeachother svirtueortheyshareacommoninterest Para 4ExtendedQuestions 2020 1 7 11 Doyouthinkthatyoungpeoplearequicktomakeandbreakfriendships Yes becausechangesincircumstancestakeplacefrequentlywithyoungpeopleastheygrowup andthechangingcircumstancesusuallyaffecttheirfriendships Itdepends Iftheirlifedoesnotchangemuchoriftheyaretrulydevotedtoeachother youngpeoplecanalsodeveloplong termorevenlifetimefriendshipsdespitethechangingcircumstances Para 5ExtendedQuestions 2020 1 7 12 Doyouagreethattruefriendshipmustgothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether Why Yes One swishforfriendshipmaydeveloprapidly butittakestimefortruefriendshiptoblossom anddifficulttimescantestthetruthfulnessofthings 2020 1 7 13 1 Whatare sociallyacknowledgedcriteria Whenweapproachthenotionoffriendship ourfirstproblemisthatthereisalackofsociallyacknowledgedcriteriaforwhatmakesapersonafriend Sociallyacknowledgedcriteria areestablishedstandardsthatareacceptedbyallthepeopleinthesociety 2 Translatethissentence 我们探讨友谊这个概念时 遇到的第一个问题是 没有社会公认的择友标准 Whenweapproach 2020 1 7 14 Inonesetting wemaydescribesomeoneasafriend inanother thelabelmayseemlessappropriate Whatdoesthissentenceimply Thecriteriaforfriendshipvaryfromsettingtosetting Inonesetting 2020 1 7 15 Theytakepleasureineachother scompanyonlyinsofarastheyhavehopesofadvantagefromit 1 Dotheyenjoybeingtogetherpurelybecausetheylikeeachother No theyaretogetherjustbecausetheyexpecttobenefitfromtheirrelationship 2 Translatethissentence 只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用的时候 才会乐于呆在一起 Theytakepleasure 2020 1 7 16 Friendshipbetweentheyoungisthoughttobegroundedonpleasure becausethelivesoftheyoungareregulatedbytheirfeelings andtheirchiefinterestsareintheirownpleasureandtheopportunityofthemoment 1 Whatdoyoungpeoplecaremostwhenmakingfriends Theycaremostabouttheirownfeelings theirownpleasureandwhetherthereisanimportantopportunityatthepresenttime 2 Translatethissentence 年轻人之间的友谊常被看作是建立在愉悦基础之上的 因为年轻人的生活受感情支配 他们感兴趣的主要是自己的快乐和眼前的重要机会 Friendshipbetween 2020 1 7 17 Thatiswhytheyfallinandoutoffriendshipquickly changingtheirattitudeoften evenwithinthesameday Whatcanweinferfromthissentence Youngpeople sfriendshipistemporary becausetheattitudetheyholdtofriendshipisalwayschanging Thatiswhy 2020 1 7 18 Onlythefriendshipofthosewhoaregood andsimilarintheirgoodness isperfect 1 Whatdoesthissentenceimply Perfectfriendshipexistsonlybetweenpeoplewhoareequallygood 2 Translatethissentence 只有那些品德高尚而且拥有相似美德的人之间的友谊才是完美的 Onlythefriendship 2020 1 7 19 Itisbetweengoodmenthatbothloveandfriendshiparechieflyfoundandinthehighestform Itisbetween Paraphrasethissentence Loveandfriendshiparemainlyfoundbetweengoodpeopleandtheloveandfriendshipareofthebestquality 2020 1 7 20 Suchfriendships Suchfriendshipsarerareandtheyneedtimeandintimacy forasthesayinggoes truefriendsmustgothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether 1 Explainthefirstpartofthissentence Itisnoteasytoestablishtruefriendshipsbecausetheyneedtimeandefforttodevelop Thatiswhytruefriendshipsarerare 2 Translatethewholesentence 这种友谊是罕见的 需要时间 需要交往 常言道 真正的朋友必须同甘共苦 历经风雨 2020 1 7 21 Andnotwopersonscanaccepteachotherandbecomefriendsuntileachhasprovedtotheotherthatheisworthyoflove andsowonhistrust 1 Howcantwopersonsbecomerealfriends Onlywheneachhasprovedthathedeservestheloveoftheotherandthushaswontheother strust 2 Translatethissentence 只有当两个人互相证明自己值得爱并赢得对方的信任之后 彼此方能接受对方为朋友 Andnotwo 2020 1 7 22 Hefurtherdefines thegood as thosewhoseactionsandlivesleavenoquestionastotheirhonor purity equity andliberality whoarefreefromgreed lust andviolence andwhohavethecourageoftheirconvictions 1 Whatdoestheexpression havethecourageoftheirconvictions mean Itmeans bebraveenoughtosayandactonwhattheythinkisrighteventhoughotherpeoplemaynotagreeorapprove 2 Translatethissentence 他进而将 好人 定义为 那些行为和生活无损于自己的荣誉 纯洁 公平和开明的人 那些摆脱了贪婪 欲念和暴力的人 那些敢于依照自己的信念说话和做事的人 Hefurtherdefines 2020 1 7 23 andtheymustshareacommitmenttothegood Paraphrasethissentence andtheybothmustdevotethemselvestopursuingwhatismorallyrightorworthyofpraise andtheymust 2020 1 7 24 Eachcanbesaid Eachcanbesaidtoprovideamirrorinwhichtheothermayseehimself Explainthisstatement Fortwogenuinefriends eachislikeamirrortotheother Knowingyourfriendistoknowyourself throughunderstandingyourfriendyoucanfindoutwhetheryouhaveacommitmenttothegood Explainthisstatement 2020 1 7 25 Friendshipofthiskind Friendshipofthiskindispermanent becauseinitareunitedalltheattributesthatfriendsoughttopossess Explainthisstatement Wecanfindallthegoodqualitiesinvirtuousfriendsanditisthosequalitiesthatmakepermanentfriendshippossible eternal 2020 1 7 26 eternaladjective1 lastingorexistingforever withoutendorbeginningE g Thereisnosuchthingasthesecretofeternalyouth fearofeternaldamnation 2 theEternal usedtorefertoaneverlastingoruniversalspirit asrepresentedbyGodEternalSunshineoftheSpotlessMindEternityToseeaworldinagrainofsandAndaheaveninawildflower HoldinfinityinthepalmofyourhandAndeternityinanhour 一沙见世界 一花窥天堂 手心握无限 须臾纳永恒 theme 2020 1 7 27 themenoun1 thesubjectofatalk apieceofwriting aperson sthoughts oranexhibition atopicashowonthethemeofwasteandrecycling2 anideathatrecursinorpervadesaworkofartorliterature3 Music aprominentorfrequentlyrecurringmelodyorgroupofnotesinacompositionathemesongverb1 giveaparticularsettingorambienceto aleisurevenueoractivity asadj themed IndependenceDaywascelebratedwithspecialthemedmenus thematic insight 2020 1 7 28 insightnoun1 massnoun thecapacitytogainanaccurateanddeepintuitiveunderstandingofapersonorthing洞察力Theobjectiveoftheresearchistogainabetterinsightintolabourmarketprocesses 研究的目的是更加深入地了解劳动力市场的运作 insightful Approach 2020 1 7 29 enearornearerto someoneorsomething indistance withobj Thetrainapproachedthemainline noobj Shehadn enearornearerto afuturetimeorevent Hecloseto anumber level orstandard inqualityorquantityThepopulationwillapproach1 4billionbytheendofthedecade 4 starttodealwith something inacertainwayonemustapproachthematterwithcaution noun1 awayofdealingwithsomethingweneedawholenewapproachtothejob 2 insing theactionofcomingnearornearertosomeoneorsomethingindistanceortimetheapproachofautumn acknowledge 2020 1 7 30 acknowledgeverb1 reportingverb acceptoradmittheexistenceortruthof withobj Theplightoftherefugeeswasacknowledgedbytheauthorities withclause Thegovernmentacknowledgedthatthetaxwasunfair 2 recognizethefactorimportanceorqualityof withobj Theartworldhasbeguntoacknowledgehisgenius withobj andinfinitive He sgenerallyacknowledgedtobethegame sfinestcoach 3 expressordisplaygratitudefororappreciationofHereceivedaletteracknowledginghisservices acknowledgements 2020 1 7 31 notion n anidea belieforconcept notion1 Ourmanagementsystemisbasedonthenotionsofpersonalequalityandliberty Shehasnonotionofthedifficultyofthisproblem 我们的管理体系是基于人的平等观念和自由观念而建立的 1 aconceptionoforbeliefaboutsomethingChildrenhavedifferentnotionsabouttherolesoftheirparents 2 avagueawarenessorunderstandingofthenatureofsth Ihadnonotionofwhatherwordsmeant 2020 1 7 32 notion 指的是一种模糊的 变化莫测的想法 无可靠的基础 是未经深思熟虑的 甚至让人觉得荒谬的观点 CF idea concept notion idea concept notion 这些名词均有 思想 观点 观念 之意 最为普通 几乎适用于任何方面的思维活动 指从众多实例中通过概括 归纳而形成的对事物本质 全貌及其内部联系的比较系统的概念或看法 2020 1 7 33 1 Sheseemedunfamiliarwiththethateveryoneshouldhaveanequalopportunity 2 Ihavenohowshemanagedtodothis 3 Ihadasillythathewouldcomebackandbegmeforforgiveness 4 Don tgetanyaboutrevenge notion2 Directions Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove Changetheformwherenecessary idea notion concept notion ideas 2020 1 7 34 criterion n aprincipleorstandardbywhichsomethingmaybejudgedordecided Thecompany scriterionforsuccessishighsales 对一些出版商而言 评判一本书是否畅销的标准是长度而非内容 Tosomepublishers thecriterionofabookwhichwillsellwellislengthratherthancontent criterion 2020 1 7 35 criterion CF standard criterion standard criterion 较正式 指判断 评价事物的标准 但不一定制成了规章 例如 这两个名词均含 标准 之意 指公认的衡量事物质量或人的品质的准则或原则 例如 Allrestaurantsinthetownwithalowstandardofhygienehavebeenforcedtoclose 城里所有卫生水准低的餐馆都被迫关门了 Whatarethecriteriafordecidingwhogetstheprize 以什么作标准评定获奖者 label 2020 1 7 36 labelnoun1 asmallpieceofpaper fabric plastic orsimilarmaterialattachedtoanobjectandgivinginformationaboutit标签 签条2 apieceoffabricsewninsideagarmentandbearingthebrandname size orinstructionsforcare 衣服的 标签3 aclassifyingphraseornameappliedtoapersonorthing especiallyonethatisinaccurateorrestrictivemyreluctancetostickalabelonmyselfpolitically Verb1 withobj attachalabelto something Shelabelledtheparcelsneatly writingtheaddressesincapitalletters 2 assigntoacategory especiallyinaccuratelyorrestrictivelyPeoplewhowerelabelledas mentallyhandicapped withobj andcomplement thecriticslabelledhimaloser 2020 1 7 37 appropriate adj correctorsuitableforaparticularsituationoroccasion Suitsarealwaysappropriateforajobinterview Hisformalstyleofspeakingwasappropriatetotheoccasion appropriate 2020 1 7 38 thin adj nothavingthenecessaryqualitiestogaintheintendedresult Histhinattemptsurelyresultedinnothing 书评家认为她最近写的那部小说没什么意思 Thecriticsfoundherlatestnovelratherthin thin 2020 1 7 39 classical adj basedonorbelongingtoanoldorestablishedsystemofprinciplesormethods e g inartorscience Dressedinballetskirt shedancedwithclassicalelegance 他将前往中国去研究中国古典诗歌 HeisgoingtoChinatostudyChineseclassicalpoetry classical 2020 1 7 40 distinguishbetween distinguishbetween torecognizedifferencesbetween Thetwinsaresoalikethatnoonecandistinguishbetweenthem 不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲 Peoplewhocannotdistinguishbetweencolorsaresaidtobecolor blind genuine 2020 1 7 41 genuineadjective1 trulywhatsomethingissaidtobe authenticEachbookisboundingenuineleather 2 ofaperson emotion oraction sincereshehadnodoubtsastowhetherTomwasgenuine mutual 2020 1 7 42 mutualadjective1 ofafeelingoraction experiencedordonebyeachoftwoormorepartiestowardstheotherorothersapartnershipbasedonmutualrespectandunderstanding myfatherhatedhimfromthestartandthefeelingwasmutual 2 heldincommonbytwoormorepartieswewereintroducedbyamutualfriend 2020 1 7 43 utility n thequalityorconditionofbeinguseful usefulness Farmanimalshaveeconomicvaluebecauseoftheirutility 祖母总是怀疑洗碟机的实用价值 Grandmahasalwaysdoubtedtheutilityvalueofadishwasher utility impermanent 2020 1 7 44 permanentadjective1 lastingorintendedtolastorremainunchangedindefinitelydamagewasnotthoughttobepermanent sometemporaryworkersdidnotwantapermanentjob 2 lastingorcontinuingwithoutinterruptionhe sinapermanentstateofrage circumstances 2020 1 7 45 circumstancenoun1 usu circumstances afactorconditionconnectedwithorrelevanttoaneventoraction情况 条件 形势 环境Shewantedtomarrybutcircumstancesdidn tpermit 2 aneventorfactthatcausesorhelpstocausesomethingtohappen typicallysomethingundesirable事件 事实 引发或促使某事发生 尤指有负面效应事件的发生 Hewasfounddeadbuttherewerenosuspiciouscircumstances massnoun theywerethrowntogetherbycircumstance 3 one sstateoffinancialormaterialwelfareTheartistsarelivinginreducedcircumstances 2020 1 7 46 ground n reason s orjustificationforsaying doingorbelievingsth Shecan taccepthisgroundfordivorce Hehasbeenfiredfromthejobonthegroundsofincompetence aground groundsfor 的理由on the groundsof 基于 的原因onthegroundsthat 因为 Patterns ground 2020 1 7 47 breakup breakup tocomeorbringtoanend especiallybyseparating Theirmarriageeventuallybrokeupduetolackofcommunication 警察及时赶到酒吧结束了这场打斗 Policearrivedatthebarintimeandbrokeupthefight 2020 1 7 48 pursue vt trytoachievesth continuesteadilywith carryon Shedecidedtopursueherstudiesafterobtainingherfirstdegree 老板决定不再追查那事 Ourbosshasdecidednottopursuethematteranyfurther 她决定在获得学士学位之后继续深造 Weholdthesetruthstobeself evident thatallmenarecreatedequalandthattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights thatamongtheseareLife LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness pursuit pursue association 2020 1 7 49 associationnoun1 ofteninnames agroupofpeopleorganizedforajointpurpose协会NBA NationalBasketballAssociation 2 aconnectionorcooperativelinkbetweenpeopleororganizations联系hedevelopedacloseassociationwiththeuniversity 3 usu associations amentalconnectionbetweenideasorthings联想thewordbureaucracyhasunpleasantassociations associateverb 2020 1 7 50 takepleasurein doing sth toenjoy doing sth Theaudiencetookpleasureinwatchingthegracefulskaters dancing 老人很享受回忆往事 Theoldmantakespleasureinrememberingthepast takepleasurein company 2020 1 7 51 company pl ies 1 acommercialbusinessashippingcompany innames theFordMotorCompany 2 massnoun thefactorconditionofbeingwithanotherorothers especiallyinawaythatprovidesfriendshipandenjoymentIcoulddowithsomecompany 3 apersonorpeopleseenasasourceofaspecifiedkindofsuchfriendshipandenjoymentsheisexcellentcompany I mexpectingcompany 2020 1 7 52 insofaras tothedegreethat Theymovedtothedowntownareainsofarastheycouldspendlesstimeonthewaytowork 为了能有所发现 他仍然坚持在这一领域的研究 Hestillcontinuedhisresearchinthisfieldinsofarashecouldmakesomediscoveries insofaras 2020 1 7 53 regulate vt tocontrol especiallybyrules tobringorderormethodto Sweatingcanhelptoregulatethebody stemperature 出汗有助于调节体温 长寿的人通常饮食习惯有规律 Thosewhoenjoyalonglifeusuallyregulatetheireatinghabits Wagesandworkinghoursareregulatedbyaseriesoflaws regulatethetrafficregulateexpenditureregulatethespeedregulateaclockregulatefoodsupplies Collocations regulate 管理交通控制费用调整速度校对时钟调节食物供应 goodness 2020 1 7 54 goodnessnounthequalityofbeinggood inparticular1 virtue moralexcellenceabeliefinthebasicgoodnessofmankind 2 kindness generosityhediditoutofthegoodnessofhisheart 3 exclamation asasubstitutionfor God expressingsurprise anger etc goodnessknowswhatherrentwillbe conduct 2020 1 7 55 conductnoun1 themannerinwhichapersonbehaves especiallyonaparticularoccasionorinaparticularcontext行为方式 举止 品行