新编大学英语二版教案book1_unit 6.doc

Introductory RemarksWe humans have found countless mysteries of the universe. We not only ask questions about what something is but we also want to know why it is. Ancient people invented elaborate mythological explanations to account for the mysterious natural things they saw but were unable to explain. that is why we have so many myths such as Greek myths, Roman myths and Chinese ancient myths.One sight that intrigues ancient humans most was the Milky Way. They of course, didnt know that the strange, broad, luminous band of light across the sky is in reality composed of countless stars and planets located so far from the Earth that they cannot be seen individually by the naked eyes. to the ancient Chinese it appeared as a luminous river, which was also the center of one of the oldest and best-known folk stories in China, “ The Cowherd and the Girl Weaver”.Even though today we know what the Milky Way is, it remains equally mysterious in many ways because it is so remote from us. Therefore, humans never cease their quest about the outer space. The moon was a goal once thought unattainable for exploration, but it finally happened. Now the planet Mars is a current target for exploration- whether there is life on it?Some of the phenomena which seemed mysterious in the past have been satisfactorily explained with the help of the increasingly sophisticated science and technology. But there still remain many things in this world of mystery that will keep us asking, “Why?”Part One: Preparation1. Mysterious Circlesa) Useful Information for TeachersCrop circles are areas of cereal or similar crops that have been systematically flattened to form various geometric patterns. The phenomenon itself only entered the public imagination in its current form after the notable appearances in England in late 1970s. Crop circles started with simple circular patterns and develop over time into huge and complex geometric formations. Each year more than 100 formations appear in the fields of southern England. About 10,000 crop circles have been documented worldwide since records began to be kept in the 70s. Not including this years formations, England tops the list with around 1,784, followed by the U.S. with 228, Canada with 135, Germany with 105, Australia with 71, the Netherlands with 62, Hungary with 23 and Japan with 19, most of them appearing in rice paddies. Dozens of other countries on every continent have also reported small numbers of simple formations.Various scientific and pseudo-scientific explanations were put forward to explain the phenomenon, which soon spread around the world. In 1991, more than a decade after the phenomena began, two men, Doug Bower and Dave Chorley, revealed that they, after reading about the Tully, Australia Saucer Nest of 1966, had been making crop circles in England since 1978 using planks, rope, hats and wire as their only tools. Many other people around the world are also openly making crop circles. Although the commonly accepted view today is that crop circles are a man-made phenomenon, paranormal explanations, often including UFOs, are still popular. Some believe that the crop designs are messages from alien spacecraft or maintain that the aliens are trying to communicate with us using symbolic representations of alien DNA. b) Possible Explanations for the student-centered activity提醒学生注意可以用来表达 “可能性”的表达方式，例如：must, can, could, may, might参见教参P84。2. Life in Outer Space?参见教参P85。3. The Mystery o f the Twenty-Third Floor 参见教参P85Part Two: Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-class Reading PassageNew Words: 1. consist consist of sth to be formed from the things or people mentioned 由组成 e.g. A year consists of twelve months.consist in sth to have sth as the main or only part or feature存在于，就在于e.g. Beauty consists in simplicity.词语辨析comprise/ compose/ consist of/ constitute/ make up/ include当表示整体的单词做主语时，我们可以使用comprise, consist of, be composed of和 be made up of当表示部分的单词做主语时，我们可以使用constitute, compose和make up试比较：a) The British Parliament comprises/ consists of / is composed of / is made up of the House of Commons and the House of Lords.b) The House of Commons and the House of Lords compose/ constitute/ make up the British Parliament.只说出某些部分用include：The committee includes two lawyers.委员会里有两名律师。2. explodea) burst violently爆炸 syn: blow upb) get angry/ dangerous勃然大怒；突然发生危险e.g. Suddenly Charles exploded with rage. The protest exploded into a riotc) express emotion表达感情e.g. We all exploded into wild laughter.d) move suddenly突然行动e.g. After ten minutes the game exploded into life.e) make loud noise发出巨响e.g. Thunder exploded everheadf) increase quickly激增e.g. the exploding world populationg) show sth is not true推翻，破除e.g. explode superstitionWord Familyexplosion n.爆炸；突增，激增explosive adj. 易爆炸的；暴躁的；突增的，激增的3. gasa) any substance like air that is neither a solid nor a liquid气体e.g. Air is a mixture of gases.b) a particular type of gas or mixture of gases used as fuel for heating and cooking煤气，天然气e.g. a gas leak煤气泄漏c) a particular type of gas used in war to kill or injure people, or used by the police to control people毒气；瓦斯e.g. tear gas 催泪瓦斯；a gas mask防毒面罩d) (AmE)=petrol: gasoline 汽油e.g. a gas station4. magnetic常用短语：magnetic field磁场； magnetic north磁北； magnetic strip磁条； magnetic tape磁带n. magnet磁铁5. mixture近义词mixture/ compound/ blend/ combinationmixture表示混合物compound表示化合物Word Familymix v.a) combine结合，混合，融合 e.g. Oil and water do not mix.b) 调制，配置e.g. Why dont you mix a cocktail for our guests?c) 相容，平安相处Children and fireworks dont mix.d) 短语：mix it up with sb （与某人）吵架； 找（某人的）茬mixed adj.a) having both good and bad qualities or feelings混合的；混杂的e.g. The weather has been very mixed recently.最近天气总是阴晴不定。I still have mixed feelings about going to America.去不去美国，我仍然拿不定主意。b) consisting of different kinds of people or types of the same thing人员混杂的；混合的e.g. a mixed community多文化的社区a mixed salad什锦色拉mixed doubles混合双打6. normallya) usually通常，正常情况下e.g. It normally takes 20 minutes to get there.b) in the ordinary way正常地，平常地e.g. Just try to behave normally.尽量表现得若无其事。Word Familynormal adj., nouna) typical, usual or ordinary典型的，正常的，一般的e.g. Her temperature is normal.b) not suffering from any mental disorder精神正常的，意识健全的e.g. People who commit such crimes arent normalc) (noun) the usual or average state, level or standard常态，通常标准，一般水平normalize to fit or make sth fit a normal pattern or condition（使）正常化，标准化，常规化e.g. The two countries agreed to normalize relations.abnormal (opp) 不正常的，反常的，变态的，畸形的e.g. abnormal levels of sugar in the blood血糖值不正常词语辨析normal/ usual/ ordinary/ common/ averagenormal用以描述预料之中、正常、常规的事物e.g. We are open during normal working hours.usual意思和normal非常相近，尤其用来指通常的、惯常的、惯例的e.g. I will see you at the usual time.ordinary常与不寻常或特别的事物形成对比e.g. He was clearly no ordinary mon a) 常见的，普通的e.g. Jack is a common English name. b) 共有的，共同的e.g. They share a common interest in photography. c) 普通的，寻常的=ordinaryaverage a) 典型的=normal e.g. children of above average intelligence b)普通的，一般的=ordinary e.g. He was just an average student. c) 平均的7. planet相关词汇galaxy星系the galaxy (the Milky Way)银河，银河系solar system太阳系star恒星the planet地球the universe宇宙outer space外太空Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星8. puzzle noun, verba) (noun) a game that you have to think about carefully in order to answer it or do it谜，智力游戏e.g. a crossword puzzle纵横字谜b) (noun) something that is difficult to understand or explain不解之谜=mysteryc) =jigsaw puzzle拼图d) (verb) to make sb feel confused because they do not understand sth迷惑，使困惑Word Familypuzzling adj. 令人费解的puzzled adj. 困惑的，迷惑不解的puzzlement n. 迷惘，困惑e.g. She frowned in puzzlement.她迷惑地皱着眉。puzzle about/ over sth 苦苦思索，仔细琢磨puzzle sth out琢磨出的答案，想明白9. responsiblea) having job/ duty 有工作/职责be responsible for sth/ for doing sthb) causing sth引起某事be responsible for sth e.g. Whos responsible for this mess?c) being the cause of sth是的原因e.g. Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of death from lung cancer.d) reliable可靠，可信任的e.g. He surely is a very responsible husband.Word FamilyResponsibility 责任，义务，任务，负责e.g. to take/ assume / take on responsibility for sth/ sb对承担责任responsive a) 反应敏捷的，反应积极的 b) 反应热烈的，热情的a responsive and enthusiastic audience反应热烈的热情的观众responsibly adv明事理地，认真负责地，可信赖地irresponsible（opp）不负责任的10. trace noun，verba) (noun) a mark, an object or a sign that show that sth/sb existed or was present痕迹，遗迹，踪迹e.g. Police searched the area but found no trace of the escaped prisoners. The ship had vanished without a trace.那艘船消失地无影无踪。b) (noun)a very small amount of sth微量，少许e.g. It ws revealed that there was traces of poison in his stomach.c) (noun)轨迹，扫描线d) (verb)查出，找到，发现trace sb/ sth to sth e.g. We finally traced him to an address I Chicago.e) (verb)追溯，追究trace sth (back) to sth e.g. She could trace her family tree back to the 16th century.f) (verb)记述e.g. Her book traces the towns history.Pre-ReadingUseful information about the Bermuda TriangleThe Bermuda Triangle is an area of supposed mystery in a rough triangle in the area of Bermuda, Puerto Rico and Florida. Within this area it is said that a number of ships and planes have disappeared without cause. It achieved true fame largely through the efforts of Charles Berlitz in his 1974 book The Bermuda Triangle. The book consisted of a series of accountings of mysterious disappearances of ships and aircraft, collected from local newspaper reports. The book was a best-seller, and many interested readers offered theories to explain the nature of the disappearances. The list includes natural storms, transportation by extraterrestrial technology, a temporal hole, the lost Atlantis empire from the bottom of the ocean, and other natural and supernatural causes. The most famous incident remains famous to this day, the loss of “Flight 19”, a group of Navy bombers on a training flight out of Ft. Lauderdale. According to Berlitz, the flight consisted of expert pilots who reported a number of odd visual effects before simply disappearing, never to be found. A Navy search-and-rescue plane sent out to find them also disappeared. The TBM bombers were built to float for long periods, so they should have been found the next day considering the calm seas.Later reports fill in the end-notes. Having set out, Flight 19 got lost. a radio call noted that they were flying over a small group of islands they assumed were the Florida Keys, implying that they were well off course and far to the west of where they should have been. A later re-creation showed that the island in question was their bombing target, and that there were exactly on course. the next few hours consisted of the lead pilot leading the flight further and further east in an effort to reach Florida, when in fact they were already far out to sea off the east coast.After many hours of flying away from land, they ran out of fuel and they were forced to ditch in heavy seas. Witnesses report that the PBM Mariner sent to rescue them, with which they were in radio contact for much of the flight, exploded in the air.Text structure: Para 1-6The disappearance of Flight 19Para 7The mystery of the Bermuda TrianglePara 8-13Explanations for the disappearances in the Bermuda TriangleSentence Analysis:1. take off (line 2-3)The phrase “take off” has several meanings when it is used intransitively.a) (used for an airplane, etc.) leave the ground and start flying 起飞e.g. The plane took off from the airport.b) become successful, popular, or well-known成功，变得流行起来e.g. Her singing career took off after an appearance on the famous show.c) go away, often suddenly and unexpectedly突然离开e.g. She just took off without saying goodbye to anyone.The phrase “taking something off” has the following meanings when it is used transitively.a) remove (especially clothes) 脱掉衣服e.g. Take your shoes off before you come in.b) have a period of time mentioned as a holiday休一段时间的假e.g. Im going to take a week off.If the phrase is written in “take-off”, it is used in its noun form.2 take place (line22)比较happen/ occur/ take place“happen” and “occur” are usually used with events that are not planned. The word “occur” is more formal than “happen”. The phrase “take place” sometimes suggests that an event is planned.3 It is a large triangular area of the ocean with the island of Bermuda at its northern tip.(line 24-25)句中的with the island of Bermuda at its northern tip是用with引导的独立结构。with可跟各种复合结构，包括带过去分词，现在分词，动词不定式，介词短语，形容词，副词，名词a) with+名词或宾格代词+不定式（表将来）e.g. With him to give us help, we are bound to succeed.b) with+名词或宾格代词+现在分词（表主动或进行）e.g. I cant write, with you looking over my shoulder.c）with+名词或宾格代词+过去分词（表被动或完成）e.g. She felt nervous, with many eyes fixed on her.d) with+名词或宾格代词+介词短语e.g. They are sure to win the victory with so many people behind them.e) with+名词或宾格代词+形容词e.g. Never leave the room with the windows open.f) with+名词或宾格代词+副词e.g. He hurried out with no hat on.g) with+名词或宾格代词+名词e.g. He died with his daughter yet a school girl.4.result in (Line 38) have as a result; cause结果是，导致Phrases with the similar meaning to “result in”：lead to; bring about; contribute to; account for5.magnetic north (Line 43) the direction that is approximately north as it is shown on a magnetic compass磁北true north: north according to the earths Axis (= the imaginary line through the earths centre from north to south)真北（以地轴北极为正北）After-class Reading Passages Passage One Life Elsewhere?T or F questions based on this passage:1. The Earths favourable conditions have made life easy to develop here. F2. It is impossible for life to emerge in other planets or galaxies. F3. The Milky Way is only one of the countless galaxies in the universe. T4. It is not wise for humans to develop weapons powerful enough to destroy our planet. T5. The Earth would be an unlikely destination even if there were other advanced life who wanted to travel space. T6. Most UFO sightings cannot be explained by researchers. F7. If aliens from other planets did visit us, they would probably hide themselves away. F8. It is very likely that aliens have visited the Earth and will pay more visits. FNew Words and Phrase: 1. aliena) adj. be alien to sb/ sth对陌生的；不熟悉的e.g. an alien environment陌生的环境b) adj. (often disapproving) from another country or society; foreign外国的，异域的e.g. an alien culture异族文化c) adj. be alien to sb/ sth (disapproving) not usual or acceptable不相容的，相抵触的，格格不入的e.g. The idea is alien to our religion.d) adj. connected with creatures from another world外星的alien beings from outer spacee) (noun) =non-citizen外国人，外侨e.g. an illegal alienf) (noun) a creature from another world外星人2. biologistWord Familybio-（构成名词、形容词和副词）生物的，人生的e.g. biodegradable能生物降解的；biography传记；autobiography自传；biochemist生物化学家;biochemistry生物化学；biodiversity生物多样性；biology a)生物学 b)生理 e.g. the biology of marine animalsbiological a) 生物学的 b) 与生命过程有关的 e.g. a childs biological parents孩子的亲生父母常用搭配：biological clock生物钟；biological warfare生物战3. bother verb, nouna) (verb) to spend time or energy doing sth 花费时间精力做某事bother with/ about sth e.g. “Shall I wait?” “No, dont bother”; He didnt bother to let me know he was coming.; Why bother asking if youre not really interested ?b) (verb) to annoy, worry or upset sb使某人烦恼或担忧，不安，给某人造成麻烦或痛苦bother sb about/with sth e.g. I dont want to bother her with my problems at the moment.c) (verb) to interrupt sb; to talk to sb when they do not want to talk to you打扰，插话e.g. Stoop bothering me when Im working.d) (noun) trouble or difficulty麻烦，困难e.g. I dont want to put you to any bother.e) (noun) an annoying situation, thing or person令人烦恼的情况或事物或人=nuisancebothersome=annoying引起麻烦的，烦人的4. emerge