EEC英语初四Unit1单元知识点.doc

初四Unit1单元知识点一. 词汇理解1 .bill n. 账单 纸币1）have the bill 埋单 2）one bill is OK 一个人付款 由一个人付账2. hit v. 打，打击 碰撞 殃及 （过去式）_（过去分词）_Eg:这个小城镇遭受了一次严重的地震 A powerful earthquake _ the small town.1)hit sb on the +部位 打在某人的部位 hit sb in the face 打某人的脸部2）hit against 撞在上 3）hit back 回击 反抗3. common adj. 共有的 平常的 a common cup 公用杯子 common people 平民 大众 1)its common for sb to do sth 某人做某事是常见的 2）in common 共用 共同拥有 3）have a lot in common 有很多共同点 4）have nothing in common 没有共同点Eg: He has nothing _ with his father A. in common B. as usual C. on common4. wise adj. 英明的 明智的 wisely adv _ n. (反义词) foolishit is wish /foolish _ sb to do sth 某人做某事是明智/愚蠢的。Eg:你相信Tom告诉你的事情是愚蠢的 It was foolish _ you _ believe what Tom told you.5. purpose n. 目的 意图 1) what is the purpose of +n./doing sth =whats the reason for+ n./doing sth做某事的意图和目的是什么 2）for the purpose of doing sth = in order to do sth =so as to do sth =for doing sth为了做6. advertise v. 登广告 advertisement n. 广告 advertise sth for sb 为某人做广告 put an advertisement in the newspaper 在报纸上刊登广告Eg: 他为我们登关于旅游的广告 He will _ tours _ us.7.fair adj 公平的 公正的 （反义词）_ n. 博览会 展览会 adv. 公平地 公正地 世界博览会 a worlds fair the book fair 书展1）be fair with each other 彼此光明正大 2）play fair 公平地比赛 3）speak to sb fair 对某人讲话彬彬有礼 4）be in a fair way to success 有成功的希望8.wait in line 排队等候 wait in line to do sth 排队等候做某事 主语+ cant wait to do sth 主语迫不及待做某事 =主语+look forward to doing sth9.enter v. 进入不能和into连用return不和back 连用 circle 不能和around 连用 enter ones home 进某人的家 Eg: Its impolite of you_ the room without knocking the door. - Thats _A. enter, right B. enter into, all right C. enter, OK10.promise n. 诺言 v.承诺 答应 1）keep a promise 遵守或履行诺言 2）break a promise 违背诺言 3）promise to do sth =make a promise to do sth 答应承诺做某事4） promise sb to do sth 答应某人做某事 5）promise sb not to do sth 答应不做某事 Eg: Do you promise me _? Why arent you smoking now?A. not smoke B. not to smoke C. not smoking 11.honest adj 诚实的 honesty n. 诚实 守信 (反义词)dishonest adj. 不诚实的。 1）an honest man 一位诚实的人 2）be honest with sb 对某人坦诚 3）earn an honest penny 用正当的手段谋生 4）Honesty is the best policy 诚实才是上策 5)act with this kind of honesty 以诚信做事12.intend v. 想要 打算 意思是 intention n. 意图 目的 1）intend to do sth 打算做某事 2）intend sb to do sth 想让某人做某事 3）by intention 故意地 4）have no intention of doing sth 无意做某事 不打算做某事Eg: 我打算出国深造 I _ _ go abroad for further study13.recommend v. recommendation n. 推荐 介绍1）recommend sb sth =recommend sth to sb 为某人推荐某物 2)recommend sb for 介绍某人参加3）recommend sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 4）recommend doing sth 推荐或建议做某事5）a letter of recommendation 推荐信 6）speak in recommendation of sth 口头推荐某物 7）buy sth on the recommendation of sb 因某人推荐而买某物Eg: What do you think the book that I _?A. recommended for you B. recommended to you C. recommended on youEg: He recommends _ the book first before watching the movie A. to read B, reading C. read13.habit n. 习惯 习性 1）Habit is second nature 习惯成自然 2）be in the habit of 有.的习惯 3）form the habit of 养成习惯 4）fall/get into a habit of 沾染习惯 5）out of habit 出于习惯 6）get out of a habit 戒除一种习惯Eg: 他养成早起的习惯 He is _ the _ _ rising eatly14.cause n. 原因 理由 v. 使发生 引起 1）n. 原因 理由 have no cause to do sth = have no cause for doing sth 没有理由做某事 make common cause with sb 与sb联合起来 与某人合作 explain ones cause for doing sth 解释某人做某事的原因 without reason or cause 无缘无故2）v. 使发生 引起 cause sb sth = cause sth to sb 引起某人某事 cause sb to do sth 引起某人做某事 cause sb so much trouble 给某人带来很大的麻烦Eg: 你知道是什么引起那场大火的？ Do you know what _ the fire?酒后驾车是是交通事故做常见的原因之一. Driving after drinking wine is _ _the most common _ of the traffic accidents.reason n. 原因 1）the reason for+n./doing sth 做某事的原因 2）the reason why +句子 某人做某事的原因 3）explain ones reason for +n./doing sth 解释某人做某事的原因 4)give some reasons for sth 为某事作出解释，解释某事的原因3）Whats theones reason for doing sth? (某人)做某事的原因是什么4）lose ones reason 失去理智5)the main reason 主要原因 Eg:他正在解释他迟到的原因 He is explaining the reason for _ _15 refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 Eg: 他拒绝把这本书推荐给你 He refused _ _the book _ you.16.punish v. 惩罚 punishment n. 惩罚 punish sb for +n./doing sth =sb be punished for doing sth 因做某事而惩罚某人Eg: 妈妈因为男孩撒谎而惩罚了他 The mother _ the boy _ _ a lie = The boy _ _ _ telling a lie by his mother17.grateful = thankful adj. 感激的 感谢的 thank sb for +n/doing sth = be grateful/thankful to sb for +n./doing sth 感谢某人做了某事 learn to be grateful 学会感恩Eg:他感谢他们在地震中挽救了他家人 He was grateful _ them _ saving his family in the earthquake18.be against = disagree 反对 be for = agree 同意二、课文理解1. why dont you/we do sth = why not do sth 为什么不做某事2.meet with 遇到 meet with difficulty 遇到困难3.invite v. 邀请 invitation n. 邀请 邀请函Eg:1) Please help your teacher write an _ to the students parents 2) Mike 没有被邀请就参加了我的生日聚会 Mike came to my birthday party _ _ _ invite sb for +n. 邀请某人参加 invite sb for the wedding 邀请某人参加婚礼 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 accept ones invitation 接受某人邀请Eg: May I invite you _ with me tomorrow?A. go hiking B. to go hiking C. hiking4. late adj./adv. 迟的 晚的 early adj./adv. 早 早的 be late for +n./doing sth 做某事迟到了 Eg: 她上学迟到了 She is _ _ school.= she is late _ _ _ school. later adv. = later on 过会 稍后 将来时标志 lately = recently adv. 近来 最近 现在完成时的标志Eg: Have you heard from your penfriend _? Yes, I got it in _ May A. late, lately B. lately, late C. later, latelyEg: Im surprised to see you are making great progress in English.Thats because _ I have done lots of English exercisesA. late B. lately C. later5. chance n. 机会 机遇1）主语+have the chance to do sth 主语有机会做某事 2）by chance 偶然 碰巧 3）take the chance 抓住机会 4）have no chance to do sth 没有机会做某事Eg： Hi, Anna, is there any chance _ tickets for tonights concert? Yes, but only one. A. to get B. of geting C. getting6. hope 和 wish 的用法区别;hope 的用法：1) 主语+hope to do sth 主语希望做某事 2）主语 +hope that +宾从 如果hope引导的宾从，主句的主语和从句的主语指代的同一个人，二者可以互换。wish的用法：1）wish to do sth 希望做某事 2）wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事 3）主语+wish that +宾从（虚拟语气）4）wish for sth 希望或想要某物Eg: The mother _ the wise man to give her son some adviceA. hoped B. wished C. made7. stay v. n. 呆 停留 保持 1）stay up 熬夜 stay up all night doing sth 熬夜一晚做某事2）stay in 呆在家里不外出 3）stay +adj(healthy, fresh) 保持（健康，新鲜） 4）enjoy ones stay in +地点“在玩得开心快乐 ” 如地点为副词，in可以省略。5）stay inside 呆在室内 6）stay at home 呆在家Eg: All of them enjoyed _ there A. to stay B. their stay C. to staying8.each other = one another 彼此 互相9. happen v. 发生 碰巧 区分：take place 发生 举行 take place 一般指代的是惊人的，有计划性变化，而happen 指的是偶然性的某个事件的发生。Eg: Many changes _ in my hometown for these ten yearsA. have been taken place B. have taken place C. have happenedDo you know what _ to her last night?A. happened B. took place C. instead of 事件 +happen to sb 某人发生了某事 （对事件划线，用what） happen和 take place 都没有被动语态 主语 + happen to do sth 主语碰巧做某事10.advice n. 建议（不可数，和piece连用） advise v. 建议 1）give sb some advice on sth 在某事上给某人提供一些建议 2）hear ones advice 听取某人的建议 3）follow ones idea 遵守并执行某人的建议 4）ask sb for advice 向某人征求建议 5）take ones advice 采纳某人的建议Eg: If you fail the English test, you can _ your teacher _ A. ask, for advise B. follow, for advice C. ask, for advicesuggest v. 建议 （名词）_(可数)1)suggest doing sth = advise doing sth 建议做某事2)suggest sb/ones doing sth = advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事3)suggest sth to / for sb 建议某人某事 向某人推荐某物4)At ones suggestion 根据某人的建议 5)主语+suggest +从句（虚拟语气should+动原）6)Thanks for your suggestions 谢谢您的建议Eg: When should I buy my ticket? I advise _ your ticket as soon as possible. A. to buy B. buying C. to buyingEg: He suggested them _ to the zoo. I think his _ was very pretty goodA. to go , suggestions B. to go, suggestion C. go, suggestionsEg: What did your teacher suggest _? He suggested that _ an English club. A. /, joining in B. you, us to join C. to you, we should joinEg: 他向我推荐一本新书 He _ a new book _ me.Eg: 根据他的建议，我订购了一个汉堡 I ordered a hamburger _ _ _ His suggestion is to do nothing = He _ us _ _ nothing11. away adv. 离开 在某距离处 be away =leave它可以放在具体的时间或距离后面1）主语+be far away from 主语远离 2）主语+be +距离 away from 主语距离远 3）how far =how far away 多远 Eg:我的生日还有两周的时间 My birthday is two weeks _ Eg:Is your uncles house _ the city? - Yes, Its about 15. kilometers _ A. far from, away B. away from, far C. far away from, far away 关于away 的短语：put away 把收好 take away 拿走 去掉 give away 捐赠 fly away 飞走了。12.meet v. 遇见 相遇 相识 meeting n. 会议 meet with 偶然发现 无意中碰见 meet with difficulties come across 碰到 遇到13.“next +时间名词”和“the next +时间名词” 的区别1）共性：都译为：下一个 第二个 2）区别：“next +时间名词”是以说话时刻为起点，通常用于一般将来时。而“the next +时间名词”是以过去某一时间为起点，通常用于过去将来时或过去时。Eg: How many countries have you ever been to? Two. I flew to Australia and worked there in 2004. _ I went to New Zealand.A. Next year B. The next year C. This next year14.finally =at last = in the end 最后 have final exams 进行期末考试15.reply v. n. 回答 (不及物动词) 1） reply to = answer 回答某人 2）reply with a smile 报之以微笑 3)reply to ones letter 给某人回信 = write sb backEg: Did she _ your question? No, she didnt. She only _ a smile.A. answer, replied with B. reply, replied to C. answer, answer with16.walk all the way back to = return to 一路走回到17.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 (否)：tell sb not to do sth = tell sb to stop doing sth 告诉某人不做某事类似 tell能用to do sth做宾补的动词有：encourage 鼓励 expect 期盼 want,get, teach , ask, warn 警告 allow , help, advise, choose, recommend，inspire 18. explain v. 解释 explanation n. 解释1）explain sth to sb 向某人解释某事 2）explain ones cause/reason for +n./doing sth 解释某人做某事的原因3）explain in detail 详细解释19.compare v. 比较 1）主语 +compare A with B. 主语把A 和B 相比较 2) compare A to B = A be compared to B 把A 比作BEg: Mans life is often _ the Long March.A. comparing with B. compared C. compared to20. control n. v. 控制 controlled 1)take control of 控制2）lose control of 失去对控制3）out of control 失去控制 4) birth control 计划生育 5）under the control of 受控制 受管理21. respect n. v. 尊敬 1）show respect for sb = have respect for sb = respect sb 对某人尊敬 2）show respect for each other/one another 彼此互相尊敬或尊重 3）lose respect for 失去对尊敬 4） pay respects to sb 向某人致敬 5）send/give ones respects to sb 向某人问候。Eg: Why dont you _ him any longer?Because he is dishonest. It makes me lose _ him.A. respect for, respect B. respect for, respect for C. respect, respect for22.shave v. n. 剃 刮 1）shave ones face 刮脸 2）have a shave 刮胡子 3）shave off 刮掉 刨去 4）shave through the exam 勉强通过考试 23.learn v. 学 学习 teach v. 教 教学1）A+learn sth from B A向B学习某事 = B teach sth to + A 2)learn to do sth by oneself = teach oneself to do sth 自学做某事 3）learn/draw a lesson form 向得到或吸取教训 4）teach/give sb an important lesson 给某人一个深刻的教训Eg: Mr Green teaches English to Liu Chang = Liu Chang _ English _ Mr Green.24.关于过去时和完成时的转换Eg: The boy borrowed a book three days ago.= The boy has kept a book for three days= The boy has kept a book since three days ago =Three days has passed since the boy borrowed a book = It is three days since the boy