UNIT 6.doc

新视野第一册Unit 6UNIT 6教研室：公共外语教研室 教师姓名：谢德静 课程名称新视野大学英语授课方式课堂讲授、小组讨论授课名称Unit Six The Trashman授课学时10教学目的1. To enlarge students vocabulary and grasp key sentence patterns.2. To improve the students abilities to analyze articles by introducing them some reading skills 3. To learn the reading skills for understanding idiomatic expressions.教学重点Comprehension of the text Stressing the primary meaning of the words and their applications in sentences. In view of the whole structure of the text, the main idea of the text will be understood correctly.Grammar : introducing an inverted sentenceKey sentence patterns Using “so”, “nor”, “neither”. Using “even if”Structured writing Writing a general statement supported by examples based on the outline on page 142.教学过程1. Warm-up activities: (20 minutes)2. New Words (45 minutes)3. Understanding the text (25 minutes)4. Detailed studies of text (90 minutes)5. Grammar and exercises (90 minutes)6. Enrichment reading(Section B) (90 minutes)7. Listening practice (90 minutes)作业Assign homework: Write a paragraph on one of the given topics. One topic has been given a detailed outline that students can follow.教学内容Section AI. Background Information1. I.Q.: stands for “intelligence quotient”. Intelligence refers to how effective ones mental ability is, including ability to understand, learn, recall, think and reason. The score at age level or mental age compared to the actual age gives the IQ score. An average IQ score is 100. IQ scores may range from a low of 40 to a high of 160 resulting in the terms low or high intelligence. 2. John W. Gardner, John Gardner, born in 1912 in California, was a psychology educator who became an official with the Carnegie Corporation in 1946 and then its president (1955-1965). Educated at Stanford and the University of California, Dr. Gardner was a Marine intelligence officer during World War II. He was appointed Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare (1965-1968) by President Lyndon Johnson. Gardner wrote eight non-fiction books including Excellence: Can We Be Equal and Excellent Too? (1961). Known for his clear thinking, he argued for the cause of people who are ignored in a wealthy society. The quotation referred to in Passage A first appeared in the Saturday Evening Post (December 1, 1962) and has since been used almost one thousand times in writings by others.3. Waste management and trashmenEver since ancient times, human beings have learned how to deal with large amounts of garbage in urban areas. As early as the second century BC, the Chinese had established a workforce that gathered garbage in its major cities. In the United States, Benjamin Franklin was the first to implement sanitation services in the form of street cleaning and some trash removal during the 1700s in Philadelphia. Today, each local government in the US manages its own waste management service. The employees who collect garbage are called trashmen. 4. Cultural Notes Trashman: People can be especially sensitive about their work, especially if they believe their job is not respected by society. Trashmen, also called garbagemen or garbage collectors, sometimes prefer to be called “sanitation engineers” or “environmental engineers”. These terms make their work seem more important.II. New Words1. haul vt.pull or move sth. from one place to another拖，拉；拖运Eg. He felt very tired after hauling trash for 4 hours. The fisherman hauled the big fish into the boat. 2. continuousa.happening or existing without stopping连续的，不断的Eg. He suffered a lot from his continuous cough.The continuous noise made me unable to fall asleep. continuously ad. without stopping连续地，不断地Eg. He can speak continuously for four or five hours. 他能连续说四、五个小时。It snowed continuously for three days. 雪连续不断地下了三天。3. wicked a. extremely bad or evil极坏的，邪恶的Eg. The man was foolish but not wicked. 那男子很笨，但是不坏。The wicked man tried to kill the child but failed. |那个邪恶的人想杀掉那个孩子，但没有得逞。wickedly ad. badly; extremely 非常地Eg. The book is wickedly interesting. 这书很有趣。This letter is wickedly funny. 这封信非常有趣。4. tremblevi.shake slightly 颤抖，发抖Eg. She was trembling with shock. 她吓得身子发抖。The whole house trembled as the train went by. 火车经过时，整栋房子都在晃动。5. dumpvt.drop carelessly; throw away 倾倒；抛弃Eg. No dumping here! 此处不准倒垃圾！She opened the bag and dumped the content on the desk. 她打开包，把里面的东西倒在桌上。n.C a place for dumping waste 垃圾场Eg. Their rubbish was carried straight to the dump.他们的垃圾被直接运往垃圾场。The walled garden was used as a dump.那个有围墙的院子曾被用作垃圾场。6. route n. C a way from one place to another路线Eg. We took the fastest and most direct route to the coast.我们抄捷径去海边。All escape routes were blocked by the police.警察封锁了所有的逃跑路线。7. outdoor a.happening or done outside户外的Eg. outdoor sports户外运动The performance was held on an outdoor theatre. 演出在一个露天剧场举行。outdoors ad. outside; in the open air 在户外；在野外Eg. Children are playing outdoors. 孩子们在外面玩。They held the evening party outdoors. 晚会是在户外举行的8. o or inside a building 在室内Eg. Mom and Dad went out, but we children stayed indoors. 爸爸和妈妈出去了，但是我们这些孩子留在屋里。Lets go indoors and have something to eat.让我们进屋吃点什么吧。9. greenhouse n.C a glass building for growing plants 温室Eg. the greenhouse effect 温室效应10. civilizevt. (BrE civilise) make sb. behave in a more polite way 使有教养，使文明Eg. The teacher had a civilizing influence on her pupils. 老师对她的学生产生了文明的影响。civilized a. polite and reasonable 文明的，有礼的 Eg. It shouldnt be happened in a civilized society. 文明社会不应该发生这种事。Civilized service is offered in this company. 本公司提供文明礼貌的服务。11. register v.1. realize or notice sth. 意识到；注意到Eg. He did tell me he was a vegetarian, but it didnt register. 他确实说过他是素食主义者，但我没记住。Her beauty was registered in my memory. 她的美丽在我的记忆中留有印象。2. put ones name on a list 登记；注册Eg. Visitors are asked to register their names in the book. 请来客在簿子上登记名字。Have you come to register at the school? 你来学校注册了没有？12. retreat vi. move back or away 后退；撤离Eg. The defeated army had to retreat hastily to the coast.败军被迫仓惶向海岸撤退。The troops were forced to retreat. 军队被迫撤退。n. sing., U the act of retreating 后退；撤离Eg. The army fell back in full retreat. 部队全线溃退。13. peculiara.1. strange 奇怪的，罕见的Eg. This meat tastes peculiar; I hope its all right. 这块肉有异味，但愿它没有什么问题。He has always been a little peculiar. 他总是有点古怪。2. typical of a particular person, place, etc. 独特的 Eg. The custom is peculiar to these tribes. 这种习俗是这些部落所特有的。Each persons handwriting has its peculiar characteristics. 每个人的笔迹都有其独特之处。14. deaf: 1. unable to hear at all or hear well聋的Eg. It is difficult to communicate with my grandmother because she is deaf. 2. unwilling to hear or listen 不愿听的, 装聋的Eg. My parents turned a deaf ear to my requests for money.我向父母要钱, 他们置之不理.15. ragev.shout angrily (at sb.)大怒；怒吼Eg. He raged over such a trivial matter. 他为这么一件小事而发火。How was I to know? Jenny raged. “我怎么知道呢？”珍尼生气地说。n. C, U a strong feeling of anger大怒，发火Eg. What Joan did sent her mother into a rage. 琼的所作所为令她母亲极为生气。Sam became quite frightening when he was in a rage. 萨姆生气时样子很可怕。16. spontaneous a. happening by itself without being planned 自发的；即时的 Eg. My spontaneous reaction was to run away. 我的本能反应是逃走。His offer of help was quite spontaneous. 他提出帮助是自发的。spontaneously ad. in a way that happens naturally 自发地Eg. The crowd burst into cheers spontaneously for the skillful play. 由于表演精彩，人群中自发地爆发出了喝彩声。He was never spontaneously warm or friendly toward us.他对我们从未真心地热情和友好过。17. graduate plete ones studies and receive a certificate or diploma 毕业Eg. He graduated from Oxford with a doctors degree in physics.他从牛津大学毕业，获得物理学博士学位。n. C sb. who has finished their studies at a high school, college or university毕业生Eg. Many graduates find it difficult to find a job with only a bachelors degree. 许多大学生发现只获得学士学位很难找到工作。18. folk n. 1. (s) (esp. AmE) ones parents and family 家人；亲属It seems that your folks dont like me. 看上去你父母不喜欢我。2. (also s) people in general 人，人们Eg. Old folks often dont like change. 老年人不喜欢变化。Many folks are upset at the changes. |许多人对这些变化感到不安。a. traditional and typical of people who live in a particular area 民间的；民俗的folk song 民歌 folk dance 民间舞蹈19. boast v.talk too proudly about ones abilities, achievements, etc. 夸口，吹嘘Eg. Hes always boasting that hes the fastest runner in the school. 他老吹嘘自己是全校跑得最快的人。boast about/of speak too proudly of 吹嘘Eg. He boasts of owning a digital camera. 他吹嘘自己有了数码照相机。Hes always boasting about how clever his children are. 他总是夸耀自己的孩子多聪明。 n. talking too proudly about吹嘘I dont believe his boast that he can run faster than I can.他吹牛说他能跑得比我快，我不相信。20. original a.1. first; earliest 原先的，最初的Eg. My original suggestion was that we move to the country. 我原先的建议是搬到乡下去住。The land was returned to its original owner. 土地还给了原来的主人。2. new and different 新颖的；与众不同的Eg. His thesis did not offer anything original. 他的论文毫无创新之处。Its a bad movie, because theres nothing original about it. 这电影很差劲，没有什么新意。originally ad. in the beginning原先，原来Shes from Shanghai originally, but she left there at the age of 16. 她原本是上海人，但16岁时离开了那里。The village was originally surrounded by trees, of which none remain now. 原先村子四周都是树，现在这些树都不见了。21. employmentn.U paid work 职业，工作；就业She found employment in a local bank after graduation. 毕业后她在当地一家银行找到了工作。2. the act of employing 雇用；招聘A large company usually requires the employment of many people. 大公司通常要雇用很多人。22. contrary a.opposite 相反的Eg. I thought it was possible, but she took the contrary view. 我以为行得通，但她的看法相反。contrary to completely different and opposed to each other 与.相反Eg.Contrary to what the fans had expected, the football team lost. 与球迷的期望相反，球队输了。Hes actually very nice, contrary to what people say about him. 与人们传说的恰恰相反，他其实十分和善。23. harm n.U damage or hurt 伤害，损害Eg. His film was a complete failure, and this did his reputation a lot of harm. 他的这部电影彻底失败了，他的声誉受到很大损害。vt.hurt; cause damage to 损害，伤害Eg. Getting up early wont harm you! 早起对你没有害处！24. frank a.open and direct in speech or manner 坦诚的，直率的Eg. To be frank, I dont think the plan will succeed. 坦率地说，我认为这个计划不会成功。He was completely frank with her about what had happened. 他一五一十地告诉她所发生的事。frankly ad.honestly and directly 坦率地（说）Eg. Frankly, I think your chances of getting the job are slim. 坦率地说，我认为你得到这份工作的机会并不大。Frankly, the paper is far from perfect. 说实话，这论文远远够不上完美。Phrases and Expressions1. head to go to 去；去往Eg. Its about time we were heading to the hotel where we are to be put up. 我们应该走了，到被安排住的旅馆去。2. make the rounds go around from one place to another 逐一巡查、访问Eg. The watchman makes the rounds of the building. 看守人在大楼里走来走去地查看。The postman is making the rounds of houses to find out to whom the letter belongs. 邮递员一家一家地查访，想找到收信人。3. go with match; suit 与.相配Eg. I dont think this type of shoes will go with your jeans.4. look sb. in the eye(s) look directly at sb. 坦然正视某人Eg. Can you look me in the eye and say you didnt steal it? 你敢正视着我说没有偷这个吗？5. at the sound of as soon as one hears 一听到Eg. They danced at the sound of music. 他们听到音乐就跳起舞来。At the sound of footsteps, the thief ran away. 听到脚步声，小偷就跑了。6. nothing but=only 只是Eg. I could see nothing but your shoulder. 我只能看见你的肩。The girl longs for nothing but a red skirt. 那个女孩只想要条红裙子。7. be/feel ashamed of feel embarrassed or guilty of 为.感到羞耻；为.感到惭愧Eg. He was ashamed of having lied to her. 他因对她说了谎感到内疚。She felt so ashamed of cheating on the test that she went and told the teacher. 对考试作弊她感到非常羞愧，因此向老师坦白交代了。8. stay away from keep away from; remain at a distance from 避开Eg. Mr. John told his son to stay away from those rough boys. 约翰先生告诉他儿子别和那些粗鲁无礼的男孩们在一起。9. stay at remain at 停留在Eg.He decided to stay at his job as a trashman for another two years. 他决定再当两年垃圾工。Ill stay at the bus stop while you go and see if theres a bus coming. 我呆在车站，你去看看有没有公交车来。10. look down on/upon think that one is better or more important than sb. else 蔑视； Eg. She looks down on anyone who hasnt had a college education. 她瞧不起任何没有受过大学教育的人。11. be in for be going to experience (sth. unpleasant) 将遭遇Eg.It looks as if were in for some bad weather. 看样子我们要有坏天气了。Hell be in for a shock when he gets the bill. 他收到账单时准要吃一惊。12. hold water be able to be proved true or brought to actual 站得住脚；可证明为真实He suggested quite a few tips about the managers of the company, but none of them held water. 就公司的管理问题他提了好几个建议，可没一个管用。Im sorry, but your story just doesnt hold water. 对不起，你说的并不能说明问题。13. leave behind not take sb. or sth. when leaving a place 忘记带；留下Eg. Did anybody leave a dictionary behind last night? |昨晚谁忘了拿词典？IIILanguage points1. Saturday, April 7 Note that the date indicates that the following is a piece of diary. Students are advised to pay attention to the diary form, and the tense that is used to describe the events of the day.2. Steve and I hauled trash for four solid hours continuously, except for about five minutes when we stopped to talk. (Para. 1)| Meaning: Steve and I carried trash for four full hours without breaks, during which we only stopped to have a chat for about five minutes.continuously, usually describes actions which are repeated over a period of time, things and events which continue without interruption.3. My shoulder hurt wickedly each time I put another full barrel on it, and my legs occasionally trembled as I was heading to the street . (Para. 1)Meaning: Each time when I put another full barrel of trash on my shoulder, it hurt me badly, and sometimes my legs even shook as I was walking to the street.4. but the rest of me said, Go, trashman, go. (Para. 1)Meaning: . but my mind told me, Keep going, trashman. Dont stop.5. I could not have imagined there would be joy in this. (Para. 2)Meaning: In the very beginning, I didnt expect that there would be joy in the job.Please notice the subjunctive mood used in the sentence. 6. Saturday meant most adults were at home on the route. (Para. 3)Meaning: On Saturdays most adults who lived in the area where I picked up trash were at home.7. I thought this might mean more exchanges as I made the rounds today. (Para. 3)Meaning: I thought their staying at home might provide more chances for exchanging greetings as I went around collecting trash from door to door today.8. Many people were outdoors working in their gardens or greenhouses. (Para. 3)Meaning: Many people were outside doing work in their gardens or greenhouses.9. There wasnt time for lengthy talks but enough to exchange greetings that go with civilized ways. (Para. 3)Meaning: There was not enough time to talk for long, but enough time to exchange some warm greetings as to show you have good manners.10. I was shocked to find that this wasnt the case. (Para. 4)Meaning: I was shocked to find this wasnt true.case, n.C a situation that exists 事实e.g.: It is simply not the case that educational standards have fallen. 说教育水准下降了，这根本不符合事实。11. I said hello in quite a few yards before the message registered that this wasnt normally done. (Para. 5)Meaning: Before I understood that saying hello wasnt something that was commonly done, I said hello to many people.Notice: The message here refers to that this wasnt normally done. The response the greeted people made to his greetings helped him to understand that he was doing something other trashmen never did and were not expected to do. This can be seen from the following sentences and paragraphs. 12. I felt human then. (Para. 5)Meaning: I felt that I was treated as a human again.13. But most often the response was either nothing at all, or a surprised stare because I had spoken. (Para. 5)Meaning: But most often people didnt say anything in return, or they simply stared at me, feeling surprised at my greeting.14. At the sound of my greeting, she gathered her housecoat tightly about her and retreated quickly indoors. (Para. 6)Meaning: When she heard my greeting, she was in a sort of confusion, pulling her housecoat tightly around her and quickly going back into the house.15. Steve raged spontaneously about these things on the long ride to the dump.(Para. 7)Meaning: As an immediate and natural reaction to his experience, Steve talked angrily about these things on the long way to the dump.16. The way most people look at you, youd think a trashman was a monster. (Para. 8)Meaning: Judging from the way most people look at you, you would think that a trashman wasnt even human but rather a monster.17. Say hello and they stare at you in surprise. (Para. 8)Meaning: If you say hello to them, they will get surprised and stare at you without words. Here “and ” is used to introduce a result. When used in this sense, the sentence begins with a verb and equals an “if”sentence. For example:Move again and I will kill you.(=if you move again, I will kill you.)Five minutes earlier and we could have caught the train.(=if we had been five minutes earlier, we could have caught the train.)18. Who are you to say what goes? Youre nothing but a trashman. (Para. 9)Meaning: How dare you say I should not put the ashes in the trashcan? You are only a trashman.Who are you to say ; What right do you have to say.? How dare you say.? 你有什么权利说.？你竟敢说.？ E.g. Who are you to say I shall not enter the church? 你凭什么说我不能进教堂？19 . and I graduated near the top of my high school class. (Para. 9)Meaning: . and when I graduated I was among the best of my high school class. 20. but my wifes folks dont. (Para. 10)Meaning: . but my wifes parents dont know Im a gar