北师大版高一英语Unit-1-Lifestyle-生活方式课文详解.doc

Unit 1 Lifestyle 生活方式课文翻译:Unit 1 LifestylesLesson 1 A Perfect Day? A couch potatoWhen I wake up I dont get up immediately. I turn on the television and watch the childrens programs and old movies until about half-past ten. Then I get up, go downstairs and switch on the TV in the living room. For lunch, I have biscuits and a glass of milk, and I watch the news. In the afternoon, I often watch another old film theyre showing some good ones at the moment. In the evenings, I often watch TV series or sport and the news again. I like the main news at six oclock. At nine thirty, if there is a good play on BBC 2, I switch over and watch it. Then at night, I watch more films and I usually switch off the TV at about two oclock. I never watch TV at night.I watch TV for sixteen or seventeen hours a day. I also do some exercise every day. I take Tina, the dog, for a walk every afternoon. I dont go far, of course. I walk to the wall outside my house. I always take my portable TV and I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle.Of course, I couldnt live this lifestyle without a good wife. Shes not here now because shes working, but she always makes my meals. We havent got much money, you know, but were happy. Sit down and watch TV. Heres the remote control. Youve got the world at your feet. And in your hand. Great!Lesson 1 A Perfect Day?A Couch Potato终日懒散在家看电视的人沙发土豆来自伯明翰的43随的布莱恩博莱克正坐在沙发上向我讲述他美妙的一天。“早上起来，我不马上起床。我先打开电视，看看儿童节目，看看老片子，一直看到约10点半。然后起床，下楼，打开起居室的电视。午餐时，我边吃饼干、喝牛奶，边看新闻。下午， 我常看另一部老影片眼下电视里正播放非常好看的老电影。晚上我要么看电视连续剧，要么看体育节目，接着再看新闻。我喜欢看6点的重要新闻。9点半，如果英国广播公司二频道有好看的电视剧，我会调过去看看。夜里，我接着看电影，通常看到凌晨两点才关电视。我从不通宵看电视。 我一天要看十六七个小时电视。每天也会出去活动。每天下午我带着小狗蒂娜去散步。当然，我不会走远，指走到我家房子外的墙边。这时，我总是随身携带手提电视，坐在石墙上看，小狗则在我身边绕圈。 当然，没有一个好妻子，我是不可能过上这种妙不可言的生活的。她在工作，所以现在不在家。她天天给我做饭。你知道，我们虽然钱不多，但获得很快活。坐在家里，看着电视，手握遥控器，世界就在你脚下，在你手中。这种感觉真棒！”A workaholicI normally wake up about five minutes before my alarm clock goes off. As soon as I hear my alarm clock, I jump out of my bed. It takes me less than fifteen minutes to wash, get changed, have breakfast, leave home and get on a bus.I am always the first person to get to the office. The mornings are always very busy and the afternoons are even busier! Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of the day. Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters. By around eight oclock, I usually find some time to do my own paperwork and answer some personal e-mails.When I get home at about ten, I look at some documents that I bring back from the office so that I can be ready for the next days work. I get to bed around midnight when my wife and children are already asleep. I seldom have time for fun and other activities with my family. My family complains about it. But I try to work hard so that I can make more money for them. Besides, I get bored if theres nothing to do. I like being busyA Workaholic 工作狂 36岁的鲍勃布莱克正坐在写字台前忙碌着他的案头工作。 “我一般在闹钟前约5分钟就醒了。闹钟一响，我立刻跳下床，从洗漱、穿衣、吃早餐、离家到左上公交汽车用了不到15分钟。 我总是第一个到办公室。每天早晨都很忙碌，下午更忙！整天会议、电话不断。几乎每一分钟都充斥着急待处理的事情。通常大约晚8点才有时间处理自己的事：写写东西，回复些私人电子邮件。 晚上大约10点我才能到家。到家后还要浏览一些从办公室带回来的文件，为第二天的工作做准备。我一般半夜才上床睡觉。那时妻子和孩子们都早已进入梦乡。 我很少有时间娱乐或和家人一起活动。妻子和孩子们总是抱怨，但我得拼命工作，为他们赚更多的钱。而且，要没事可做我会觉得非常无聊。我真的喜欢忙忙碌碌。”Lesson 4City and countryDebbie is an accountant in a large company in the centre of London.I need to be in my office by nine oclock so I usually get up at seven oclock. I travel to work on “the tube”. Thats what people call the underground in London. It takes about fifty minutes. Usually, its so crowded that I cant find anywhere to sit. I just stand. Im always tired before I arrive at work. I dont like the underground!I spend all morning checking numbers. Lunch is always simple. I often get a sandwich in a nearby sandwich shop or I just have some biscuits and a cup of coffee. Then in the afternoon, I return to the paperwork in the office.On Monday nights, I have dance classes, and on Wednesday nights, I go to the gym. I need to do that because I dont get enough exercise otherwise. On Tuesday and Thursday nights, I have French classes. I work for a French company so I think studying French will help me in my job.I go to the cinema almost every weekend. Sometimes, if the weather forecast is good, my friends and I drive to the countryside for a weekend break. We like to visit nice, quiet places far away from the city and go walking where there are no shops, crowds or the tube. That fresh air is so good for my lungs. I love it.Paul lives in a small village in the north of England.I usually get up at four oclock every morning when its still dark. I live and work on the farm so I dont need to travel. After a big breakfast in my house, I walk out of the front door and Im already at work. There are many things to do on the farm all day. We dont have the same work hours that office workers in the city have. We do jobs when they need to be done and that could be early in the morning or late at night. I have cows, sheep, pigs and chickens on my farm. I have to make sure they are free of sickness. I also grow wheat and vegetables so there are many things to look after.In the evening, I like to play with my children. I have two children, a boy and a girl. They are six and eight years old. I also like to study. Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning. I am very interested in China and its my dream to see the Great Wall one day.I love movies. My wife calls me a “movie fan”. But there isnt a cinema in my village so I dont get the chance to go very often. I go about twice a year, usually when I go to London with my family. We take a weekend break there when I am not too busy on the farm. My wife loves looking in the clothes shops and I like all the crowds and the noise. I also like to buy a few cigars. Unfortunately, my wife isnt as fond of them as I am. My son and daughter love to ride on Londons red buses and they especially love to go on the tube!Lesson City and Country黛比是伦敦市中心一家大公司的会计。 我通常每天7点起床，9点前赶到办公室。我乘地铁上班。那就是人们所称的伦敦地下铁系统。乘地铁大约需要50分钟。通常地铁很拥挤，很难找到座位，我只好站着。到办公室前，我总是已感到很疲惫。我不喜欢乘地铁。 我花整个下午的时间核对数字。午饭总是很简单，我通常在附近的三明治店买三个三明治，或吃些饼干，喝杯咖啡。然后下午我回到办公室处理文字资料。 星期一上我去上舞蹈课。星期三晚上去健身房。我需要做这些运动，因为我其他时间的运动量不够。星期二和星期四晚上我去上法语课。我在一家法国公司，所以我认为学法乐对我的工作右移。 几乎每个周末我都去看电影。有时，如果天气预报说天气好的话，我会和朋友们开车去乡下度周末。我们喜欢去那些远离城市、风光秀丽、幽静的地方，喜欢在没有商店、人群、地铁的地方漫步。那里的新鲜空气对肺有好处，我喜欢新鲜的空气。 保罗住在英格兰北部的一个小村庄里。 我通常在凌晨4点天还黑着的时候就起床。我在农场生活、工作，因此不用乘车往来。在家饱吃一顿早饭之后，我走出前门，便开始一天的工作。农场上每天都有很多事情要作。我们的工作时间和在城市办公室工作的人们不同，我们的工作依需要而定，可能在一大早，也可能是半夜。我的农场里有牛、羊、猪、鸡， 得确保它们不得病。我也种麦子、蔬菜，所以我有很多事情需要料理。晚上我喜欢和孩子们一块儿玩。我有两个孩子，一男一女，一个6岁，意8岁。我也喜欢学习。眼下我正在通过远程教育学习汉语。我对中国很感兴趣。我一直梦想着有一天能亲眼看到长城。我喜欢看电影。妻子称我为“影迷”。但是我们村里没有电影院，所以我没机会经常去看电影。我一年只能看两次电影，通常是在和家人去伦敦的时候。只要农场上的活不太多，我们会在那儿度周末。我妻子喜欢逛服装店；我喜欢看看人群、听听城市的嘈杂声。我还喜欢买几支雪茄烟。遗憾的是，我妻子不像我那样喜欢雪茄。我儿子和女儿喜欢乘地铁伦敦的红色公共汽车浏览观光。他们特别喜欢乘地铁！词义辨析；辨析：peaceful和peaceablePeaceful“和平的，宁静的”表示没有战争、暴力或骚扰。Peaceable “不爱争吵的，温和的”主要指人的性格行为。They hope for a peaceful settlement of the dispute. 他们希望和平解决争端。Mary isnt peaceful at all.（not.at all）玛丽一点儿也不温和。辨析：relaxing与relaxedRelaxing 指某事物具有的性质，“事物令人放松的”Relaxed 指人内心的情感与感受，“人感到放松的”。I found swimming very relaxing.我发现游泳是非常放松（的活动）。Ifelt relaxed lying in the sun.躺在阳光下，我觉得很放松。辨析：like, be like, look like, feel like 与would like like 表示单纯的兴趣、满意或好感。I dont like the way he is looking at me.我讨厌他看着我的样子。be like 用来提问人的相貌、品质或天气情况-What is Tom like?汤姆长得什么样？He is very tall.他很高。 look like 指从外观上来判断，“看上去像，似乎，好像”例：She looks nothing like her mother.她长得一点儿也不像她母亲。be alike 一般指相貌上“相似的；相同的，用very much修饰alike，并且alike只作表语，不作定语。例：John and his brother are very much alike.约翰和他弟弟长得很像。feel like “想要”后跟名词或动名词。We all felt like celebrating.我们都想庆祝一番。would like “愿意，意欲”后接动词不定式作宾语或宾补。would like to do sth。表示主语想要做某事；would like sb. to do sth表示主语要某人做某事。例：I wouldnt like you to think I was criticizing you.我可不愿意让你认为我是在批评你。辨析：usually, always, often, frequently, repeatedly 与regularlyusually “通常”指习惯性动作，频率仅次于always， 比often频率高，偶尔有间隔。例：She usually goes out on Saturday nights.她通常在星期六上外出。always “总是，永远 ”语气最强，指在一切时候，没有例外。例：The sun always rises in the east.太阳总是从东方升起。often “经常”语气弱于always，侧重动作发生的次数具有经常性，具有时间的意味不强。例：How often do you go to the theatre?你多长时间看一次戏？frequently “时常，经常”与often同义，但较正式，强调次数频繁。例：They frequently hold meetings , which makes him bored.他们经常开会，这使他很厌烦。repeatedly“屡次”强调次数多，但反复的频率不一定均匀。例：I repeatedly asked what his name was, but he never spoke.我屡次问他叫什么名字，但他就是不说话。regularly用于修饰经常而有规律的动作。例：We meet regularly to discuss the progress of the project.我们定期会面，讨论工程的进展情况。辨析: daily, everyday, every day daily 名词意为“日报”；形容词同everyday；副词意同every day。例：He daily reads The Peoples Daily.他每天都读人民日报。everyday 形容词，“每天的，日常的”只作定语 everyday English=daily English 日常英语 everyday life=dailylife 日常生活every day “每天”在句中作时间状语例：She perseveres in learning some everyday English every day.她坚持每天学一些日常英语。辨析：while ，when， 与aswhile 引导的时间状语从句必须使用延续性动词；用while引导从句时，主句的动作必须发生在从句所表达的时间内；另外，while可表示“而，却”体现两边的对比关系while还可以表示“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句。when引导的时间状语从句既可以用瞬间性动词，又可以用延续性动词，它既可以用于主句和从句两个动作同时发生，又可以用从句动作先于主句动作发生。另外，when还有“正在这时，那时”之意，后面插入一个新的动作，前面的分居可用一般过去时、过去进行时或过去完成时。as 引导时间状语从句，可表示“一边，一边；随着”，强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生或者主句的情景跟随着从句所表示的时间的变化而变化。例：Please dont talk so loudly while others are working.别人在工作时，请不要大声喧哗。Tom is strong while his little brother is weak.汤姆身体很结实，而他的弟弟身体很虚弱。He went to bed when he had finished him homework.做完作业后他睡觉去了。When (he was) yet a child , he was fond of swimming.他还是孩子时就喜欢游泳。As time went to , he got more worried.随着时间的流逝，他越来越焦急。I read the letter as I walked along the river. 我一边沿河散步，一边看信。当堂练习：-Are you ready for Spain? -Yes, I want the girls to experience that -they are young.A while B until C if D before.解析，答语句意，是的，我想让女孩名在年轻时就经历这件事。表示“在的时候”用while。辨析：because of 与because because 连词，引导表语从句或状语从句。He is absent today, because he is ill.because of 介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词或what从句。He is absent today because of his illness.他今天缺席是因为病了。注意：because fo ,on account of , due to, owing to 意为“因为，由于“。due to 用法特殊，不能放在句首；其他三个短语位置灵活。辨析 remote ，distant 与far remote 指在时间或距离上是遥远的，也指在感情、兴趣方面距离很大，还指关系方面的疏远。distant指时间、空间上的遥远，也可指亲属关系上的远。far 用来表示实际距离的远和时间上的遥远，还可以引申意义的远。例：Your comments are rather remote from the subject.你的评论跟主题无关。She is a distant cousin of mine.她是我远房的表妹。How far is it from the school to the post office? 从学校到邮局有多远？辨析：alarm，frighten 与terrifyalarm指人意识到危险而产生惊恐，不仅害怕而且担心。frighten 表示“吓唬“或“使害怕”，使用广泛。terrify 语气最强，表示“惊骇得六神无主，魂飞魄散”例：Alarmed by the noise, the birds flew away.那声音把鸟吓飞了。Sorry, I didnt mean to frighten you.对不起，我不是故意吓唬你的。He terrified the children with ghost stories.他讲鬼故事吓坏了孩子们。辨析：spend， pay， cost 与takespend 人+spend +时间、金钱+ in doing sth （on 名词）pay 人+pay+金钱+for+物 cost 事、物+cost +人+时间、金钱take It + takes+人+时间+to do 例：I spend 2 years in writing the novel. 我花了两年时间写完这部小说。I paid ten yuan for the pen. 我花了10元钱买了这支钢笔。The ticket cost me ten dollars.这张票花了我10美元。It took me 2 years to write the novel.我花了两年时间写完这部小说。辨析：sothat与suchthatso that 形容词或副词 形容词+a（n）+不可数名词单数 so+ many/few +可数名词复数 much、little（少的）+不可数名词+that从句 suchthat a（n）+形容词+可数名词单数 形容词+可数名词复数such 形容词+不可数名词 +从句Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤，浑身青一块紫一块的。He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.他进步很快，不久就开始用英语写文章了。辨析：suffer 与suffer fromsuffer 意为“遭受痛苦、损失、忍受侮辱等“其宾语通常是pain, loss, grief, insult, punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice, discouragement, setbacks (挫折)，disappointment等。suffer from 往往表示“遭受战争、自然灾害所带来的苦难及患病之意。suffer from a war/ the flood/ a headache 遭受战争/洪水、头痛之苦；suffer from cold and hunger 又冷又饿。例：The army suffered heavy losses in the battle.该军队在那次战役中损失惨重。Hes been suffering from cancer for two years.他得癌症已经两年了。The village is suffering from depopulation.那个村口正为人口减少而深感苦恼。辨析：prefer doing 与prefer to do prefer doing 表示一般情况下的爱好或日常爱好。prefer to do 表示特定时刻或特定情况下的爱好，prefer前有should 或would 时表示特定想法，故其后只接不定式。I preferred swimming when I was a child. 儿时我喜欢游泳。She would not prefer to think about it.她不想考虑此事。辨析：match, suit, fit 与go with match多指大小，色调，形状或性质等方面的搭配。suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件或地位等fit 多指大小、形状合适go with 有多个以上，表示“同意；伴随，陪伴=go along with 配合，调和等。在表示颜色方面的调和可以与match互换。The color of the shirt does not match that of the coat.衬衫的颜色与上衣不相配Does the time here suit you ?这里的时间对你合适吗？】Try the new key and see if it fits(the keyhole)试试新配的钥匙，看看是否合适（与锁眼是否吻合）This color does not match/go with that.这种颜色和那种颜色不协调。辨析：情态动词用法;情态动词意义使用句型比较must肯定，一定肯定句must 只用于肯定句，表示较有把握、可能性较大的一种推测may可能，或许肯定句may 用于肯定句中，表示一种推测，含有怀疑之意。否定句may用于否定句中，语气较弱，may not意为“可能不”can可能否定句can用于否定句，语气较强，can not 意为“不可能”疑问句用于疑问句表推测，通常只用can，不用may辨析：by，with, in 与throughby “方式，手段”接动名词或表示工具的名词with后接具体的工具in后接语言、声音、颜色等名词through表示“以经由”He makes a living by selling newspapers.他靠卖报谋生。by plane/sea/car乘飞机、船、车He likes to write the letter with a pen.他喜欢用钢笔写信。The room is painted in bright colors.这个房间是用亮的颜色漆的。He became rich throght hard work.他通过努力工作而致富。辨析：nearby ,near by, near, nearly, colsenearby 形容词“附近的”副词“在附近”=near by。没有比较级near by “在附近”相对于副词，作状语或后置定语near 可作形容词、副词或介词，意为“在附近”有比较级。nearly是副词，意为“差不多，几乎，密切地，亲切地”close 语气强于near，指时间、地点或程度方面的接近，有“紧靠、相邻”的意味。Li Hua lives in a nearby village which is not far from the school.李华住在离学校不远的一个村庄里。Is there a hospital near by? 这附近有医院吗？The lake is near our school.那个湖在我们学校附近。She was nearly as well as he was.她几乎和他一样高。All my close friends will join us.我所有的密友都将加入我们的行列。辨析：return, answer, reply, respondreturn 正式用词、从本义“归来，回去”引申作“回答，答辩”讲时，含反驳或反唇相肌之意。answer 常用词，指用书面、口头或行动对他人的请求、询问、质问等作出回答或反应reply 较正式用词，较少用于口语。侧重经过考虑的较正式答复respond 正式用词，指即刻的、以口头或行动对外来的号召、请求或刺激等作出回答或响应。He returned his charge at the meeting yesterday.Often I do use three words where one would answer.当一个词就够用的时候我经常用三个。I replied that I was unable to help them.我回复说我不能帮助他们。You didnt really expect the President to respond personally to your letter, did you ?你并为料到总统会亲自给你回信，是吗？辨析：forecast , predictforecast 指在知识的帮助下告诉大家将要发生的事。predict 指根据已有的知识、经验和思想进行“预见性描述。The teacher forecast that most students would pass the exam.老师预测大多数学生会通过考试。Its hard to predict when it will happen.很难预测它何时发生。辨析：some time，some times, sometime , sometimessome time 名词短语，表示一段时间，也可表达sometime的意义some times 名词短语，表示“几次，几倍”sometime 指某一个不明确的时间，用过去时态、将来时态都可以。sometimes 表示“有时，间或”用来描述现在或过去常发生的事。Itll take some time to finish reading the novel.读完这本小说需要一些时间。We have been to the Great Wall some times.我们去过几次长城。It happened sometime(some time)_ in August.这事发生在8月的某个时候。Sometimes we are busy but sometimes we are not.我们有时忙有时不忙。辨析：work 与jobwork 作名词，有体力或脑力劳动的意思（在这一意义上的同义词有labour）又作为职业概念的“工作的意思”（在这一意义上的同义词有employment, occupation,）work 为不可数名词。job 作“工作”解，其实有两层含义；一个是 “干活”的“活”一个作为职业的“事”job作“干活”的活解时同义词还有task, duty,assignment, 等，job 作为职业的“事”解时，有如下的同义词：position,place, situation, post等，为可数名词。例：I like gardens too, but I dont like hard work.我也喜欢花园，但是我不喜欢辛苦的劳动。You have done a days work in three hours.你在三个小时内完成了一天的工作。When you start a jbo, you must stick to it.一旦你开始了一项工作，你就得持之以恒。It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day.那时，修理自行车就是他的工作，而且常常是一天要工作14个小时。辨析：work on , work atwork on 表示“从事”“创作”“进行”后接名词，代词或v-ing 强调作具体的事，还可以表示“继续工作”努力说服，既可作及物动词短语用，又可作不及物动词短语用。work at 表示“致力于，从事于，研究，学习，后接名词，代词或v-ing 形式，强调把时间和精力等用在某一方面的事情上，侧重于说明所从事的工作性质。Miss Liu is working on a new book.刘老师正在写一本新书。Well work on till midnight.我们将继续工作到午夜。Mr Zhang is working at a new invention.张先生正致力于一项新的发明。He has worked at his subject for many years.辨析：it, one, thatit代替前面提到的同一名称的同一事物，即同名同物。所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数也可以是不可数名词。one 代替的是前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个。所代替名词指能是可数名词单数。其前面可带冠词，还可被this，that或形容词修饰，其后也可由定语。that代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数页可以是不可数名词，但其前不能有修饰语，可带有后置定语。例：Hibernation is more than a sleep.It is a very deep sleep/（It 代替不可数名词Hibernation）冬眠不仅仅是睡眠，它是沉睡。The population problem may be the greatest one of the world today.（one 代替可数名词单数problem）人口问题或许是当今世界上最大的问题。The doctor in our school is younger than that in their school.(that代替可数名词单数doctor，不能用one代替，但可用the one 代替)我们的校医比他们的年轻。辨析：sickness(illness) ，sick, disease ill，sickness 是指一般的生病状态。disease指特定的病，且经常是由病名的疾病。ill 作表语，表示“有病的”英国人场用ill，美国人场用sick。英国人常用sick表示“作呕的，恶心的”sick作定语，ill通常表示“坏的，邪恶的”sick表示令人作呕的，如ill effects不良影响；a sick smell令人恶心的气味She is absent because of sickness.他因病缺席。He suffers from a heart disease.他得了心脏病。He was ill(sick) in bed with a cold.他因感冒而卧病在床。He has an ill temper.他脾气不好。He told a sick joke yesterday.昨天他讲了个令人毛骨悚然的笑话。辨析：chance，opportunity, occationchance 表示“机会， 机遇”强调偶然性opportunity表示“机会，时机”，常常符合某人目的、心愿的好时机，有“适逢其会，正好便利行事”的意味occasion “时机，机会”指某个明确时刻提供的机会，含有“转瞬即逝”的意思。If we can swim, the chances are that we can save our lives.如果我们会游泳，我们就可能自救。This has been my only opportunity to practise speaking English.这一直是我练习英语的唯一机会。This is a good occasion to congratulate him.这是向他贺喜的好机会。辨析：also，too, as well, eitheralso 比too正式一些，语气较重，只用于肯定句，一般紧靠动词。too 语气较轻，多用于口语，在肯定句中使用，通常位于句末。as well 一般不用于否定句，通常放在句末，强调时刻放在句中。either 用于否定句，放在句末，之前加逗号。If you stay, I will also. 如果你留下来，我也要留下来。Hes coming along too.他也要来。He mentioned other matters as well.他也提到了其他事情。If you dont order a dessert, I wont ,either.如果你不点甜点，我也不点。辨析：over ，during， forover 强调某一段时间内事物变化的结果。during用于说明某事发生的时间。for用于说明占用的时间。He went to sleep over his work.他干着活儿就睡着了。The phone rang during the meal.吃饭时电话铃响了。I am going away for a few days.我要离开几天。辨析:on more/notany more , no longer/ not any longeron more/notany more 表示动作不再重复出现或做某事的次数不再增加，多与瞬间动词连用。no longer/ not any longer表示动作不再延续或时间上不再延长，多与延续性动词连用。Ever since then, accidents have no more appeared.=Ever since then, such accidents have not appeared any more.从那以后，类似的事故没有再出现过。She no longer lives here,.=She doesnt live he