02 Sec. IX 2019（英｜中文版） （SWPS_End）

ARTICLE V STANDARD WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONS (SWPSs)第V章 標準銲接工藝規程說明書(SWPSs)QW-500 GENERAL概述The SWPSs listed in Mandatory Appendix E are acceptable for construction in which the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX are specified. Any requirements of the applicable Construction Code Section regarding SWPS take precedence over the requirements of Section IX. These SWPSs are not permitted for construction where toughness testing of the WPS is required by the Construction Code. 在強制性附錄E中列出了在建造中可被接受的標準銲接程式規範，其中對ASME鍋爐和壓力容器規範第IX冊提出了有關規定上的要求。適用“建造規範”冊對SWPS的任何要求均應被視為示優先於IX冊的要求。當“建造規範”要求韌性試驗須在WPS中解決時，則不允許採用這些SWPS來進行建造。Only SWPSs (including edition) that have been accepted in Mandatory Appendix E within the 1998 Edition or any later edition of Section IX may be used in accordance with this Article. Adoption of SWPSs (including edition) shall be in accordance with the current edition of Section IX see QG-100(d). 只能在1998年版本或第IX冊之後續版本中為強制性附錄E中所接受之SWPS(包括版本)可按照本篇之規定來應用。所被採用之SWPS(包括版本)應符合第IX冊之現行版本 見QG-100(d)。QW-510 ADOPTION OF SWPSs 標準銲接工藝規程說明書之採用Prior to use, the organization that will be responsible for and provide operational control over production welding shall comply with the following for each SWPS that it intends to use, except as noted in QW-520. 在使用之前，除正如QW-520所述之未經單獨驗證過之標準銲接工藝規程說明書外，該組織應提供所要用於產銲接的每一標準銲接工藝規程說明書，並應對其所編制之SWPS是否符合下列要求的操作管控負責。(a) Enter the name of the organization on the SWPS. 在SWPS上輸入組織的名稱。(b) An employee of that organization shall sign and date the SWPS. 該組織之僱員應簽署並註明SWPS之合準日期。(c) The applicable Code Section(s) (Section VIII, B31.1, etc.) and/or any other fabrication document (contract, specification, etc.) that must be followed during welding shall be listed on the SWPS. 在銲接其間所必須遵守之適用法規冊(第VIII冊，B31.1等)和/或任何其他製造文件(合同，技術說明書等)之抬頭和版次應列在SWPS上。(d) The organization shall weld and test one groove weld test coupon following that SWPS. The following information shall be recorded: 組織應在編寫SWPS之後，依循其所指定之變數進行坡口試件銲接和試驗，並應將如下資訊給記錄下來：(1) the specification, type, and grade of the base metal welded 所銲接之母材規格、型號和等級(2) groove design 坡口之設計型式(3) initial cleaning method 銲前之清理方法(4) presence or absence of backing 存在或不存在背襯(5) The ASME or AWS specification and AWS classification of electrode or filling material used and manufacturers trade name ASME或AWS技術說明書，和AWS所採使之電極或焊料的分類和製造商的商品名稱(6) size and classification of tungsten electrode for GTAW 用於GTAW之鎢電極尺寸和分類(7) size of consumable electrode or filling material 可消耗性電極或焊料的尺寸(8) shielding gas and flow rate for GTAW and GMAW 用於GTAW和GMAW的遮護氣體類型和其流量(9) preheat temperature 預熱溫度(10) position of the groove weld and, if applicable, the progression 坡口銲縫的位置，如果適用時，和其進行方向(11) if more than one process or electrode type is used, the approximate weld metal deposit thickness for each process or electrode type 若運用多於一種工藝規程或電極類型時，則每種工藝規程或電極類型所沉積銲縫金屬之近似厚度(12) maximum interpass temperature 最大道間溫度(13) post weld heat treatment used, including holding time and temperature range 所運用之銲後熱處理，其中包括持溫時間和持溫溫度範圍(14) visual inspection and mechanical testing results 目視檢查和機械性能測試之結果(15) the results of volumetric examination when permitted as an alternative to mechanical testing by QW-304 當以QW-304所允許之容積式檢測取代機械性能試驗時的容積式檢測結果(e) The coupon shall be visually examined in accordance with QW-302.4 and mechanically tested in accordance with QW-302.1 or volumetrically examined in accordance with QW-302.2. If visual examination, volumetric examination, or any test specimen fails to meet the required acceptance criteria, the test coupon shall be considered as failed and a new test coupon shall be welded before the organization may use the SWPS.試件應根據QW-302.4進行目視檢查，並根據QW-302.1進行機械性能試驗，或根據QW-302.2進行容積式檢測。若目視檢查、容積式檢測或任何測試試樣不符合接受標準之要求時，則在組織可能使用該份SWPS之前，該試件應被視為失敗，並應重新銲製新的試件，直到該份SWPS通過所需檢查和檢測QW-511 USE OF DEMONSTRATED SWPSs已論證過SWPS的使用權Code Sections or fabrication documents that are required to be referenced by QW-510(c) may be added or deleted from a demonstrated SWPS without further demonstrations. 當規範冊或製造檔要求引用QW-510(c)時，可在無需進一步的論證下對已論證過之SWPS內容進行新增或刪除。QW-520 USE OF SWPSS WITHOUT DISCRETE DEMONSTRATION在沒有個別論證之情況下使用SWPSSOnce an SWPS has been demonstrated, additional SWPSs that are similar to the SWPS that was demonstrated may be used without further demonstration. Such additional SWPSs shall be compared to the SWPS that was used for the demonstration, and the following limitations shall not be exceeded： 一旦SWPS被論證過，可將與論證過之SWPS相似的其他SWPS應用在生產銲接中，而無需進一步的論證。這些另外的SWPS應與用於論證之SWPS進行比對，其者間之比對結果不應超過如下限度：(a) a change in the welding process. 銲接方法中之變化。(b) a change in the P-Number. P-No.中的變化。(c) a change from the as-welded condition to the heattreated condition. This limitation also applies for SWPSs that allow use in both conditions (e.g., SWPS B2.1-021 allows production welding with or without heat treatment; if the demonstration was performed without heat treatment, production welding with heat treatment is not permitted). Once heat treatment has been demonstrated for any SWPS, this limitation no longer applies.從銲接狀態變更為熱處理狀態。這種限定也適用於允許使用兩種情況下的SWPS(例如，SWPS B2.1-021允許具有或不具有熱處理的生產銲接；若是在沒有熱處理的情況下進行演示，則不允許該份SWPS被應於具有熱處理之生產銲接中)。一旦對任何SWPS進行了熱處理，此限定則不再適用。(d) a change from a gas-shielded flux-cored wire or solid wire to a self-shielded flux-cored wire or vice versa. 從氣體遮護藥芯銲絲或實芯銲線改變為自遮護藥芯銲絲，反之亦然。(e) a change from globular, spray or pulsed spray transfer welding to short circuiting transfer welding or vice versa. 從熔滴過渡模式、噴射過渡模式、或脈衝過渡模式銲接轉變為短路過渡模式銲接，反之亦然。(f) a change in the F-Number of the welding electrode. 對銲線(絲)之F-No.的變更。(g) the addition of preheat above ambient temperature. 在環境溫度以上之預熱，對其溫度的提高。(h) a change from an SWPS that is identified as for sheet metal to one that is not and vice versa.從被標識為薄板用之SWPS變更不是薄板用，反之亦然。QW-530 FORMS表格A suggested Form QW-485 for documenting the welding variables and test results of the demonstration is provided in Nonmandatory Appendix B. 在非強制性附錄B 中所提供之建議表格QW-485 可用於記錄銲接變量和論證試驗結果。QW-540 PRODUCTION USE OF SWPSs SWPS 在產品中的使用權As with any WPS, welding that is done following an SWPS shall be done in strict accordance with the SWPS. In addition, the following requirements apply to the use of SWPSs： 與任何WPS一樣，當按SWPS進行銲接時，應嚴守SWPS之規定並遵照下列要求：(a) The organization may not deviate from the welding conditions specified on the SWPS. 組織要按SWPS中所指定之銲接條件辦理。(b) SWPSs may not be supplemented with PQRs or revised in any manner except for reference to the applicable Code Section or other fabrication documents as provided by QW-511. 除QW-511所規定之適用規範冊或其他製造檔另有要求外，對SWPS中之變數不可用PQR作為補充檔或以其他方式進行修改。(c) Only the welding processes shown on an SWPS shall be used in given production joint. When a multi-process SWPS is selected, the processes shown on the SWPS shall be used in the order and manner specified on the SWPS. 應僅在給定產品接頭中使用SWPS所示的銲接工藝規程。當選擇多銲接方法SWPS時，SWPS上顯示的銲接方法應按照SWPS中指定的順序和方式運用。(d) SWPSs shall not be used in the same production joint together with WPSs qualified by the organization. SWPS不應與組織之任何已認可WPSs一起並用在同一個產品接頭中。(e) The organization may supplement an SWPS by attaching additional instructions to provide the welder with further direction for making production welds to Code or other requirements. When SWPSs are supplemented with instructions that address any condition shown on the SWPS, such instructions shall be within the limits of the SWPS. For example, when an SWPS permits use of several electrode sizes, supplemental instructions may direct the welder to use only one electrode size out of those permitted by the SWPS; however, the supplemental instructions may not permit the welder to use a size other than one or more of those permitted by the SWPS. 組織可藉由附加說明來補充SWPS，以便為銲工提供進一步的指導，以使產品銲縫符合規範或其他檔之要求。當SWPS輔以有解決SWPS所示條件的指南須知時，此類指南須知應在SWPS的限度內。例如，當SWPS允許使用幾種銲線(絲)尺寸時，補充說明書可指示銲工僅使用SWPS允許的一種銲線(絲)尺寸；然而，補充說明書不應允許銲工使用在SWPS中所允許尺寸以外的銲線(絲)尺寸。(f) SWPSs may not be used until the demonstration of QW-510 has been satisfactorily welded, tested, and certified. 在QW-510中之論證能獲得令人滿意的銲縫、測試和認證之前，不得使用SWPS。(g) The identification number of the Supporting Demonstration shall be noted on each SWPS that it supports prior to using the SWPS. 在使用SWPS之前，可為SWPS提供論證之識別號應在其所所能提供論證之每一SWPS上註明。(h) The certified Supporting Demonstration Record shall be available for review. 該已驗證能作為論證記錄之文檔應提交查閱。PART QB BRAZING QB篇 釺銲ARTICLE XI BRAZING GENERAL REQUIREMENTS第XI章 釺銲之通用性必要條件QB-100 SCOPE適用範圍The rules in this Part apply to the preparation of brazing procedure specifications, and the qualification of brazing procedures, brazers, and brazing operators for all types of manual and machine brazing processes permitted in this Section. These rules may also be applied, insofar as they are applicable, to other manual or machine brazing processes, permitted in other Sections. 在本章中之規則適用於本冊所允許之所有類型手動和機器式釬銲工藝規程說明書的編寫、釬銲規程評定，以及釬銲工和釬銲操作人員的技能資格檢定。這些規則也適用於在其他冊中所允許之其他手動或機器式釬銲工藝規程。QB-101In performance qualification, the basic criterion established for brazer qualification is to determine the brazers ability to make a sound brazed joint. The purpose of the performance qualification test for the brazing operator is to determine the operators mechanical ability to operate the brazing equipment to make a sound braze joint. 在技能資格檢定中，為釬銲者技能資格所制定之基本標準是為確認釬銲者是否具有製造質量健全釬銲接頭之能力。釬銲操作者的技能資格檢定考試，其目的是為確認操作人員操作是否具有塾練操作釬銲機械設備的能力，以製造出質量健全的釬銲接頭。QB-103 RESPONSIBILITY責任QB-103.1 Brazing. Each organization shall conduct the tests required in this Section to qualify the brazing procedures used in the construction of the brazed assemblies built under this Code and the performance of brazers and brazing operators who apply these procedures. 釺銲。每個組織應進行本冊所要求之試驗項目，以確認根據本規範建造之釬銲組裝件時所引用的釬銲工藝規程以及應用這些工藝規程之釬銲工和釬銲操作人員的技能是否符合引用本章之規範要求。QB-103.2 Records. Each organization shall maintain a record of the results obtained in brazing procedure and brazer or brazing operator performance qualifications. Refer to recommended Forms in Nonmandatory Appendix B. 記錄。每一組織應保存在釬銲工藝規程，和釬銲工以及釬銲操作人員技能資格檢定中所得結果的記錄(請參考在非強制性附錄B中之推薦表格)。QB-110 BRAZE ORIENTATION釬銲定向NOTE： In the following paragraphs the word position is synonymous with flow position. 注意：在以下段落中，單詞位置與流動位置是同意詞。The orientations of brazes with respect to planes of reference are classified in accordance with Figure QB-461.1 into four positions (A, B, C, and D in column 1), based on the basic flow of brazing filling material through joints. These positions are flat flow, vertical downflow, vertical upflow, and horizontal flow.釬銲相對於參考平面之定位取向，可根據圖QB-461.1以釬銲焊料流通過接頭之基本流動方式分類為四個位置(在欄1中之A，B，C和D)。這些位置分別定義為是平銲流動位置、下進立銲流動位置、上進立銲流動位置和橫銲流動位置。The maximum permitted angular deviation from the specified flow plane is 45 deg. 在實際生產所容許之最大銲縫面旋轉角度偏差與所指定流動平面之間應在45度之內。QB-120 TEST POSITIONS FOR LAP, BUTT, SCARF, OR RABBET JOINTS搭接、對接、嵌接或槽舌接頭之測試位置Brazed joints may be made in test coupons oriented in any of the positions in Figure QB-461.2 and as described in the following paragraphs, except that angular deviation from the specified horizontal and vertical flow planes in accordance with column 1 of Figure QB-461.2 is permitted during brazing. 釬銲接頭可定位在圖QB-461.2中所示之任何位置，並按在如下段落中描述之試件製成，其中不同之處在於釬銲期間所容許之平銲流動平面和垂直流動平面的角度偏差是以圖QB-461.2之第1欄為依據。QB-121 FLAT-FLOW POSITION平銲流動位置The test coupon joints in position suitable for applying brazing filling material in rod, strip, or other suitable form under the flat-flow conditions are shown in illustrations (1) through (5) of Line A in Figure QB-461.2. The maximum permitted angular deviation from the specified flow plane is 15 deg. 在QB-461.2的D行示意圖(1)和(2)中示出了在水準流動條件下適合於桿狀、帶狀或其他合適形式以施加釬銲焊料的橫銲位置的試樣接頭。釬銲焊料通藉由毛細管作用水準流通動過接頭。與指定流動平面的最大容許角度偏差為15度。QB-122 VERTICAL-DOWNFLOW POSITION下進立銲流動位置The test coupon joints in a position suitable for applying brazing filling material in rod, strip, or other suitable form under the vertical-downflow conditions are shown in illustrations (1) through (4) of Line B in Figure QB-461.2. The brazing filling material flows by capillary action with the aid of gravity downward into the joint. The maximum permitted angular deviation from the specified flow plane is 15 deg. 在QB-461.2中之C行圖(1)至(4)中，示出了在垂直向上流動條件下適合於將施加釬銲焊料施加在棒狀，帶狀或其他合適形狀之試件接頭位置，其中釬銲焊料通過毛細管作用流動過接頭頭，且試件平面角度與指定流動平面的最大允許偏差為15度。QB-123 VERTICAL-UPFLOW POSITION上進立銲流動位置The test coupon joints in position suitable for applying brazing filling material in rod, strip, or other suitable form under the vertical-upflow conditions are shown in illustrations (1) through (4) of Line C in Figure QB-461.2. The brazing filling material flows by capillary action through the joint. The maximum permitted angular deviation from the specified flow plane is 15 deg. 釺銲位置是合于在垂直向上條件下填加棒狀、帶狀或其它適合形狀釺料的釺銲接頭見QB-461 C行(1) 至 (4) 示意圖。釺料在毛細管作用下流動進人接頭。與所規定流動平面的最大允許角偏差為15度。QB-124 HORIZONTAL-FLOW POSITION橫向流動位置The test coupon joints in a position suitable for applying brazing filling material in rod, strip, or other suitable form under the horizontal-flow conditions are shown in illustrations (1) and (2) of Line D of Figure QB-461.2. The brazing filling material flows horizontally by capillary action through the joint. The maximum permitted angular deviation from the specified flow plane is 15 deg. 在QB-461.2的D行之示意圖(1)和(2)中示出了在水準流動條件下將施加釬銲焊料施加在棒狀，帶狀或其他合適形狀施加釬銲焊料的位置的試樣接頭之試件接頭位置，其中釬銲焊料通過毛細管作用水準流動過接頭，且試件平面角度與指定流動平面的最大允許偏差為15度。QB-140 TYPES AND PURPOSES OF TESTS AND EXAMINATIONS試驗及檢測之類型和其目的QB-141 TESTS試驗項目Tests used in brazing procedure and performance qualifications are specified in QB-141.1 through QB-141.6. 釬銲工藝規程評定和技能資格檢定中之試驗項目在QB-141.1至QB-141.6中給出了規定。QB-141.1 Tension Tests. Tension tests, as described in QB-150, are used to determine the ultimate strength of brazed butt, scarf, lap, and rabbet joints. 拉伸試驗。如QB-150所述，拉伸試驗用於確定釬銲對接、斜接、搭接和槽舌接頭的極限強度。QB-141.2 Guided-Bend Tests. Guided-bend tests, as described in QB-160, are used to determine the degree of soundness and ductility of butt and scarf joints. 導彎試驗。如QB-160所述，導彎試驗用於確定對接和斜接接頭的質量健全度程度和延展性。QB-141.3 Peel Tests. Peel tests, as described in QB-170, are used to determine the quality of the bond and the amount of defects in lap joints. 剝離試驗。如QB-170所述，剝離試驗用於確定結合力之質量和搭接接頭的缺陷總量。QB-141.4Sectioning Tests. Sectioning tests, i.e., the sectioning of test coupons, as described in QB-180, are used to determine the soundness of workmanship coupons or test specimens. Sectioning tests are also a substitute for the peel test when the peel test is impractical to perform. 剖面試驗。使用QB-180中描述對試件之剖面進行剖面試驗，以用於確定所打造之工藝技術試件或測試試樣的質量健全性。當剝離試驗之應用不切實際時，剖面試驗亦可用於取代剝離試驗。QB-141.5 Workmanship Coupons. Workmanship coupons, as described in QB-182, are used to determine the soundness of joints other than the standard butt, scarf, lap, and rabbet joints. 工藝技術試件。如QB-182所述，打造工藝技術試件是用於確定標準對接、斜接、搭接和槽舌接頭以外接頭的健全性。QB-141.6 Visual Examination. Visual examination of brazed joints is used for estimating the soundness by external appearance, such as continuity of the brazing filler metal, size, contour, and wetting of fillet along the joint and, where appropriate, to determine if filler metal flowed through the joint from the side of application to the opposite side. 目視檢查。目視檢查是用於藉由銲縫外觀評估釬銲接頭的可靠性，例如釬銲廖的連續性，銲縫的尺寸、輪廓和沿著接頭角偶的沾化情況，以及在適當的情況下，確定焊料是否從一側流通至另一側的接頭應用。QB-150 TENSION TESTS拉伸試驗QB-151 SPECIMENS試樣Tension test specimens shall conform to one of the types illustrated in Figures QB-462.1(a) through QB-462.1(f), and shall meet the requirements of QB-153. 拉伸測試試樣應符合圖QB-462.1(a)至QB-462.1(f)所示類型的其中之一，且應符合QB-153之要求。QB-151.1 Reduced SectionPlate. Reduced-section specimens conforming to the requirements given in Figures QB-462.1(a) and QB-462.1(c) may be used for tension tests on all thicknesses of plate. The specimens may be tested in a support fixture in substantial accordance with Figure QB-462.1(f). 板材斷面縮減拉伸試樣。符合圖QB-462.1(a)和QB-462.1(c)中所要求之斷面縮減試樣可用於所有板材厚度的拉伸試驗。試樣可在大體上與圖QB-462.1(f)所示相一致之支架示模具中進行試驗。(a) For thicknesses up to and including 1 in. (25 mm), a full thickness specimen shall be used for each required tension test. 對於厚度1 in. (25 mm)之板厚之板厚，每一所需拉伸試驗都應採用全厚度試樣。(b) For plate thicknesses greater than 1 in. (25 mm), full thickness specimens or multiple specimens may be used, provided (c) and (d) are complied with. 對於厚度大於1 in. (25 mm)之板厚，可使用全厚度試樣或在符合下列(c)和(d)之條件下使用多個試樣。(c) When multiple specimens are used in lieu of full thickness specimens, each set shall represent a single tension test of the full plate thickness. Collectively, all of the specimens required to represent the full thickness of the brazed joint at one location shall comprise a set. 當採用多個試樣代替全厚度試樣時，每組應相當于一個全板厚之拉伸試驗。總之，用於表示釬銲接頭全厚度在某一銲接位置之所需所有試樣應由一組試樣所組成。(d) When multiple specimens are necessary, the entire thickness shall be mechanically cut into a minimum number of approximately equal strips of a size that can be tested in the available equipment. Each specimen of the set shall be tested and meet the requirements of QB-153. 當需要多個試樣時，應將整個厚度以機械切割成可在現有設備中進行試驗之最小數量且大致等寬的帶狀試樣。每一試樣應經過試驗，並滿足QB-153的要求。QB-151.2 Reduced Section Pipe. Reduced-section specimens conforming to the requirements given in Figure QB-462.1(b) may be used for tension tests on all thicknesses of pipe or tube having an outside diameter greater than 3 in. (75 mm). The specimens may be tested in a support fixture in substantial accordance with Figure QB-462.1(f). 管材斷面縮減拉伸試樣。符合圖QB-462.1(b)所述要求之斷面縮減可用於外徑3 in. (75 mm)之所有厚度管材上的拉伸試驗。試樣可在大致與圖QB-462.1(f)一致之支架式模具中進行試驗。(a) For thicknesses up to and including 1 in. (25 mm), a full thickness specimen shall be used for each required tension test. 對於厚度1 in. (25 mm)之管材，每一所需之試樣都應採用全壁厚試樣。(b) For pipe thicknesses greater than 1 in. (25 mm), full thickness specimens or multiple specimens may be used, provided (c) and (d) are complied with. 對於厚度1 in. (25 mm)之管材，可使用全壁厚試樣或在符合下列(c)和(d)之條件下使用多個試樣。(c) When multiple specimens are used in lieu of full thickness specimens, each set shall represent a single tension test of the full pipe thickness