2014在职研究生英语基础习题参考(清华大学出版社).doc

以下资料仅供参考：2013年在职硕士 英 语基础教程习题参考 第1课I 阅读理解 1. It can be inferred from the passage that the authors parents used to suffer from hardship. 艰难; 辛酸, 2. The authors first job was to clean and brighten cars.3. It may be inferred from the passage that Detroit was where the author got help from.4. All the following can be used to describe the authors grandmother except rewarding. 报酬; 酬金; 奖赏5. The word they (last sentence) refers to customers.III A 选词填空1. They made regular visits to the park on the suburbs during the weekends.2. She was promoted to division manager last year.3. We tried to walk to the park but ended up taking a taxi there.4. His handling of these important issues was highly praised.5. Thomas bought a new hat to replace the one he had lost.6. The movie received generally favorable reviews.7. Thank you for all the time and effort you have put in.8. Make sure you are home by midnight.9. He was hit by a falling tree and killed on the spot. 当场, 在现场, 立刻10. The earthquake survivors are in desperate need of help. 不顾一切的, 拚死的, 令人绝望的B词性变化 Open n. openingPersist n. persistence, 持续Succeed n. successSucceed adj. successfulImportant n. importancePromote n. promotion促进, 发扬, 提升, 提拔, 晋升Depress n.depression压下, 降低Value adj. invaluable 无法估价的, 无价可估的; 非常贵重的Loyal n. loyalty忠诚, 忠心 忠诚的, 忠实的, 忠贞的Favor adj.favorable / favoriteC 近义词 1. obtain=acquire obtain获得, 得到; 买到；acquire得, 得到, 获得; 招致2. constant=loyal. deserted放弃, 遗弃, constant稳定的， 不变的loyal忠诚的, 忠实的, 忠贞的3. famous=noted 4. frightened=startled Frightened受惊的, 受恐吓的，Startled震惊5. blame=responsibility Blame责备, 谴责; 找.的差错，6. worth=rewarding Rewarding报答的, 有益的, 值得的7. sincere=genuine sincere真挚的; 真诚的，genuine真实的, 诚恳的; 非伪装的8. encountered=bumped into Encountered 遭遇, 遇到，bumped into 意外碰到; 偶然遇到9. bought=purchased10. at the end=eventually. Eventually最后, 终于 IV A、英译汉1. Two noted Americans explain why its not what you earn its what you learn. Earn赚钱, 挣得两个美国名人解释为什么不是你所挣的而是你学的更重要。2. I have never thought I was better than anyone else, but I have always believed I couldnt be outworked.我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活儿别人都赶不上。3. Outworked在所属单位外的工作者, 户外工作者; 外包工在工作上胜过, 比.做得快努力 圆满地完成(任务)4. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.看着存款数增加比我当时原本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。5. I took a genuine interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup ideas. Genuine真实的, 诚恳的; 非伪装的我发自内心地关心她们的问题，并能理解她们的愿望，给她们出些该如何化妆的点子。6. I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics. 化妆品kCz5metik结果我创下了化妆品销售量的最好成绩。B、汉译英1 她计划自己创业。Set up She plans to set up her own business.2 态度也很重要, matter Attitude also matters.3 她在客人们到达之前把所有的家具都擦亮了。Polish furniture不加sShe had polished all furniture before the guests arrived.4 有些经理不知道如何与人打交道。HandleSome managers have no idea how to handle people.5 我们完成那项工作的时间打破了纪录。RecordWe finished the work in record time.6 她喜欢东西都摆好以后再开始工作。In placeShe likes everything to be in place before she starts working.7 她常常一天工作12小时。 Put inShe often puts in 12 hours work a day.8 他是从报纸上得到这一信息的。accquireHe acquired the information from the newspapers.9 我们部门有一个助理的职位空缺。OpeningThere is an opening for an assistant in our department.10 该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。PromoteThe organization works to promote friendship between nations.Part B 练习 1. I think I have seen your teacher twice this week.2. The fire started at seven last night.3. When the old lady entered the apartment, the thief had escaped already.4. We did not catch what the stranger said.5. When they finally got to the hotel, night had fallen already.6. The visitors have just arrived from America.7. By the time he gets home, his father will have left for shanghai.8. We will not start the project before he has come back from the United States.9. He lost his new knife shortly after he had bought it.10. The fire has been burning up for three hours before the firemen arrived.11. I told him that he could go there after school.12. Irene has taught English at our school for two years, she will renew her contract tomorrow.13. He is ill. He has not eaten any food since last night.14. This time tomorrow we will be planting trees in the park.15. From 3 to 5 yesterday, they were repairing the car on the way to the park.2.选择适当的时态填空1. According to the time table, the train for London leaves at seven oclock in the evening.2. You neednt hurry her. She will have finished it by the time you are ready.3. Darwin proved that natural selection is the chief factor in the development of species. 种, 类; 【生】(物)种, 人种 4. While Peggy is reading, her brother is playing records.5. Its been a long time since I saw you last. How are you?6. We have been working on it for several hours, but we have not yet reached any conclusion.7. He said that he would leave for Shanghai the next day.8. This is the first time I have seen this kind of refrigerator.9. He had found this job before he moved into this city.10. I think this time yesterday he was leaving an English class in No. 3 classroom building. 11. By 2008, the university will have trained 2000 postgraduates.12. Since 1970, he has been working in this bank and he loves the job very much.13. I dont like to be disturbed if I am working.14. Before long, she will forget all about the matter. 不久以后15. You can see the house hasnt been pained for years. Part C II Vocabulary and Structure 选词填空 1. We shall need to evaluate how the new material stands up to wear and tear.2. The full extent of the damage only became evident the following morning. 明白的, 明显的Extent广度, 宽度, 长度, 大小3. Just name the time and Ill be there on the dot. 提出, 提到; 选定, 指定4. Brownells comments echoed the opinion of the majority of the commission members.5. Id like to start off by thanking you all for coming today. 出发, 开始6. Youve been an enormous help. Enormous i5nC:mEs adj. 巨大的, 极大的, 庞大的7. Spending her junior year abroad has broadened her horizons. 地平(线; 圈), 水平(线)8. He still feels insecure about his ability to do the job. 不安全的, 有危险的9. She recalled seeing him outside the shop on the night of the robbery.10. Without someone to turn to for advice, making the most appropriate choice can be difficult.11. Ive finally found a job in which I can fulfill myself.12. I hope this will convince you to change your mind. 第2课Part A I 阅读理解 1. Internet shopping belongs to the networking between businesses and their customers.2. Simultaneous consultation on the internet is the more important aspect as to the net economy.3. Electronic currency does not include paper currency transfer on the internet.4. The worlds first internet bank is a small and insignificant one.5. According to the authors opinion, most companies which invest in the internet market are making losses.III Vocabulary and Structure A选词填空 1. Frequent cultural exchange will certainly help foster friendly relations between our two universities. Foster 养育, 抚育, 培养, 鼓励, 抱(希望)2. The competition among these companies at the printing market has become very intense in this city.Intense in5tens adj. 强烈的, 剧烈的, 热切的, 热情的, 激烈的3. To date, we have not received any replies from them. 到此为止4. In this competition world, it is better for any firm to gain technology superiority. superiority优越, 高傲优越(性), 优秀, 超卓越, 优势(to, over), 傲慢(to, over)5. The organization works to promote friendship between nations.6. It is reported that the far area is now on the verge of war again. 接近于, 濒临于7. There is an obvious trend that young people like less formal clothing.8. We should look at these events which happened two hundred years ago from their historical perspective. 9. The outstanding businessman agreed that the last decade was favorable for the emergence.10. The witness provide that the killer of the student was a man of medium height.B 词性变化 Significance adj. significant有意义的; 意味深长的Connect n. connectionTransform n.transformationWithdrawal v.withdraw移开; 拉开; 拿; 取消; 撤消; 撤退Rationalizeadj.rational合理的; 明事理的; 讲道理的Efficiency adj. efficientSuperiorn.superiorityEmergen.emergencePromotion vt.PromoteCooperative erationC 用介词或副词填空 1. It is estimated that the new interation between computers and net technology will have significant influence on the industry of the future.2. In more specific terms, the application of information to the economy is best used in the networking of communication.3. This net refers to the computer network of satellites, optic fibers, and telephone lines that connect the whole world.4. According to the authors opinion, internet shopping belongs to the first aspect.5. Some people argued that most commodities were unsuitable for internet shopping. 不适宜的; 不相称的commodities日用品； 商品；6. As a result, puma was transformed from a common company into a magnificent one. 高尚的, 高贵的 宏伟的, 堂皇的, 庄严的7. The development of e-commerce may well bring the world into a brand new era of “electronic currency”.8. At the moment, developed areas in Europe, the USA and asia have already started studying the possibility of an electronic currency.9. As the net pushes the economy ahead rapidly, the economy is also bringing the net market forward.10. Net is best suited for small and medium enterprises to band/bind together and break the monopolies of the ”giants”. IV A英译汉1. With the click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the extremely fast speed of sevenanda-half times around the earth per second.只要用鼠标点一下，在地球另一端的信息马上就会以每秒钟绕地球7周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。2. Besides, if every shops on the net, what will happen to the hundreds and thousands of shopping malls.此外，如果大家都在网上购物，那么成千上万的购物中心该怎么办。3. The huge power of electronic commerce (e-commerce) will change the face of trade dramatically.电子商务的惊人威力会使贸易的局面发生激动人心的巨变。4. The development of e-commerce may well bring the world into a brand new era of “electronic currency”.电子商务的发展很可能会把世界带进一个“电子货币”的崭新时代。5. As the net pushes the economy ahead rapidly, the economy is also bringing the net market forward, resulting in the internet itself becoming the worlds largest emerging market.在网络化高速地推动经济发展的同时，经济也反过来促进网络市场的发展，其结果是国际互联网本身将成为全球最大的新兴市场。 merging新兴的：新形成或刚刚成为杰出的；新出现的：B汉译英1. 今晚她很可能给我打电话。LikelyShe is very likely to ring me tonight.2. 我看不懂这篇文章。BeyondUnderstanding this article is beyond my capability.3. 新刷的一层油漆可使房间焕然一新。TransformA fresh coat of paint can transform a room.4. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败。Result in Acting before thinking always results in failure. 真理单数5. 他估计那项工作需要三个月。EstimateHe estimated that the work would take three months.6. 我们相信这个协议将会积极地促进两国之间的贸易。Promote.We believe that this agreement will positively promote the trade between our two countries.7. 新机场必将推动这个地区的旅游业。Push aheadThe new airport will certainly push ahead the tourism in this region.8. 网络经济将对人们的生活产生重要的影响。 Have significant influence onNet economy will have significant influence on the peoples life.9. 在昨天的会议上，他提出了一个新的经济发展计划。 Bring forwardAt the yesterdays meeting, he brought forward a new plan for the economic development.10. 到目前为之，他们还没有找到遇难的渔船。To date, wreckedTo date, they havent found the wrecked fishing boat. Part B 被动语态1主动语态变成被动语态1 Many people speak English.English is spoken by many people.2 He is watching TV now in the room.TV is being watched now in the room.3 The criminal murdered the lady.The lady was murdered by the criminal.4 The teacher will punish henry for coming late.Henry will be punished by the teacher for coming late.5 Susan has eaten three apples.Three apples have been eaten by Susan.6 Citizens should obey the law.The law should be obeyed by citizens. 7 Where did the farmer first see the wolf?Where was the wolf first seen by the watchman.8 The watchman must have heard the noise.The noise must have been heard by the watchman.9 Parents ought to teach children good behavior.Children ought to be taught good behavior by parents.10 We shall make use of every minute and second.Every minute and second shuold be made use of.11 I never heard Nabey speak Japaness.Nabey was never heard to speak Japaness.12 Who will look after the children?By Whom will the children be look after?13 We are to put off the sports meet.The sports meet is to be put off.14 Mary realized they were making fun of her.Mary realized that she was being made fun of.15 The customs officer requested us to show our passports.We were requested to show our passports by the customes officer.2选择适当的被动语态填空 1. That man has never known to tell a lie.2. The children have been told many times not to go near the street.3. The new type of computer is going to be turned out the month after next.4. After the synthetic had been developed, engineers had a better choice for materials for construction.5. After being tested in many ways, this newly-designed machine will be put into use in the near future.6. His parents died when he was young, so he was brought up by his grandma.7. Lead has been used as a material for sculpture since the time of the early Greeks.8. We heard that Mary had been given a raise by her employer.9. He ordered the work to be started at once.10. He was thought to be clever but dishonest.Part C II选择正确的词或词组填空 1. After careful discussion doctors excluded the food poisoning as the cause of the illness in this area.2. The breakfast and dinner are included in the fee you have paid for the accommodation.3. He is the author of great prestige for the romantic fiction. 威信, 威声望, 声誉; (财势的)显赫 4. The advanced technology in machine manufacturing will be adopted to this plant.5. This kind of plane can fly at a maximum altitude of 25000 meters.6. He said that all the seats in the theater for this play had been booked.7. The rent for the furnished apartment is usually 150 per week in this region.8. If you want to terminate the agreement on your own, you must let him know at least two weeks in advance.9. According to the law in this country, parents are responsible for the welfare of their children.10. The likeness between the two models of the cars is just perfect in every detail. 第3课Part A II. Getting information:Environmental problems humans should be responsible for :Global warming, ozone depletion, species extinction消灭除, (生物等的)灭绝; (火等的)熄灭; 毁灭; (法律等的)废除Number of extinct species every year: about 50,000Animal protected in Zimbabwe: elephantThe latest idea of protecting species from extinction: sustainable managementThe phenomenon occurring in many developing countries: corruption腐败， 堕落， 贪污， 贿赂The area of great bio-diversity: tropical forests热带(地区)的The annual rise-rates of most commercial tree species in tropical forest: at most 4% or 5%The general annual interest rates in most developing countries: 15% or moreIII. Vocabulary and structure词汇 A 1 Sustainable management, able to keep up2 Despite the terrible flood, in spite of 3 During the past decade, ten years4 A pure and healthy enviroment, surroundings环境5 Extinction of a disease, dying out6 Survive in the desert, continue to live7 Effective measures, having an effect8 Sensible advice, reasonable 9 A suspicious glance, 可疑的, 令人怀疑的doubtful10 A tremendous scientific achievement, enormousTremendous tri5mendEs adj. 可怕的 惊人的; 口极大的; 非常的Enormous i5nC:mEs adj. 巨大的, 极大的, 庞大的 凶暴的, 罪大恶极的B. Find the opposites of the following words in the text:1 Damage，preserve保护; 防护; 维护2 Manageable, intractable 难驾御管理、指挥的 倔强的, 难处理的, 难加工的3 Increase, depletion损耗; 贫化4 Extinction, survival5 Shallow, profound6 Rare, popular7 Trusting, suspicious sEs5piFEs adj. 可疑的, 令人怀疑的8 Limited, unrestricted不受限制的; 不受约束的; 自由的9 Producer, consumer10 Safety, dangerC. 选择正确的词或词组填空1 The man became rich enough making a wise investment.2 That strange animal belongs to a species that I havent seen before.3 Bananas grow best in tropical climates.4 He is getting suspicious of my staying away so long. 可疑的, 令人怀疑的5 A childs character is greatly influenced by his home enviroment.6 If you are in doubt about his ability to do the task, dont entrust him with it.7 The Mexican minority in the south western part of the United States numbers up to 3 million.minority少数; 少数党; 较少票数; 少数民族8 There was a tremendous explosion, and the building fell down.9 The company went out of business because it couldnt sell its products.10 A political dispute involving six nations may be settled by an agreement between them. 11 All this occurred in an already desperately poor country. 令人绝望的; 危急的, 穷途末路的12 Why dont you do something sensible in your spare time？13 She dieted constantly in order to preserve her youthful figure.14 The government plans seem good in theory but I doubt if they will work in practice. D. Complete the following sentences, using the words given in brackets.1 A devastating earthquake left thousands homeless. Devastate 5devEsteit vt. 使荒芜; 毁灭, 蹂躏; 破坏2 Efforts have been made to prevent the extinction of the buffalo. 消灭除, (生物等的)灭绝水牛, 美野牛3 His survival is still uncertain; he has been very badly hurt and may die.4 The new interest rate becomes effective next month.5 The rocket emitted long streams of flame and smoke. 发放, 幅, 散射, 发放, 喷, 冒出IV A英译汉1 So, if you lose a key species, you might cause a whole flood of other extinctions.所以，如果失去一个重要的物种，那也许会引起大量其他物种的绝迹。2 Instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against illegal hunting, it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve plants and animals.这种办法使当地人们可以为了经济上的原因而去保护动物、植物，而不是依靠在很大程度上难以奏效的那些反非法偷猎的规章制度。3 With corrupting popular in many