2014春当代2备考宝典.doc

“综合英语2”课程备考宝典I. 综合英语（2）考核重点及解题要领1） 第一部分：Spelling（选自课本）这部分主要检查学生的拼写基本功及发音知识。虽然所有的单词都选自课本，但是学生的得分情况并不很理想。一方面可能是对音标，也就是基本的发音知识没有掌握，看到音标后不知道怎样发音，自然就不知道是哪个词；另一方面可能是拼写的问题，虽然发出了正确的发音，可是不知道是哪个词，或者不知道该怎样拼写。所以，这一部分不仅要求学生掌握基本的音标和发音知识，还要求熟悉课本上词汇的发音和拼写（pronunciation & spelling）。如果做到了这两点，在这个题上是很容易拿到高分的。下面是8个单元考查拼写的重要词汇，请大家根据单词的发音进行拼写练习：Unit1: relevant, efficiently, ignore, burden, refresh Unit2: calculate, satisfactory, average, awfully, superior, mechanicalUnit3: emergency, identical, ridiculous, mystery, investigate, victim, disprove Unit4: precaution, military, qualification, colleague, injury, illusion, procedure, fortune Unit5: statistics, exaggerate, conference, dialect, neutral, obviously, communicateUnit6: attendant, surgeon, fasten, desperately, collapse, straighten, otherwise Unit7: navigation, vacuum, satellite, phenomena, correlation, analyze, universe Unit8: persecution, inferior, restriction, campaign, sympathetic, prohibit 2) 第二部分：词汇和语法 （选自课本）-单项选择。词汇部分考察学生对词的搭配的掌握和应用。主要有以下四大类：第一类是考词的固定搭配，特别是动词词组。例如，As the final exams are approaching, all the students are busy _ for them.A. prepare B. prepared C. preparation D. preparing此题主要考察学生对固定搭配的掌握. 正确的固定搭配是： be busy with sth./doing sth./be busy doing sth”., 因此D是正确答案。第二类，考的是词性或者词形相似但意思不同的词。 例如， Professor Wu gave us an interesting and _ talk about online learning.A. informed B. informational C. informative D. information首先可以排除A和D选项A是动词的分词形式，D是名词用在这个句子里不合适，这里要使用形容词。B informational 意思是作为参考信息的C informative 意思是提供有用信息的，因此根据句子意思应该选择C. 第三类，考的主要是介词，副词，或者是连词的用法。例如，When Professor Wilson retired from my university, I carried _ his research.A. out B. through C. off D. on此题主要考察学生对动词“carry”的介词搭配的掌握. carry sth through 表示在有困难的情况下顺利完某事，carry sth off 也表示顺利完成有难度的事情，在这里B and C 根据这个句子意思是不适合。carry out 表示执行完成某事，似乎是正确的，但这个句子是要表示“I continue with his research我继续完成研究”, 因此 “carry on”(continue, go on with) (D)才是正确的答案。 第四类，考的主要是意思有一定的类似的地方，比较容易混淆的词。例如，Mary is avoiding me these days. She must be _ something from me.A. concealing B. pretending C. preventing D. obtainingA concealing是隐藏的意思，B pretending是假装的意思，C preventing是阻止的意思，D obtaining是获得的意思。根据句子的意思，C, D 选项意思不对，可以排除掉。B选项的正确用法是 “pretend to do sth./pretend that ”，因此正确答案应该是A. concealing something from me 意思是“向我隐瞒某些事情”。3) 第三部分：阅读理解 包括两个部分A 句子理解， 选自课本，考察的是学生对句子的理解和语法知识。这个部分实际考的是学生的paraphrase（explain English with English）的能力。因为划线的词组和句子都来自课本，同时提供了3个选项进行选择，所以不难判断出正确的答案。这部分的考点同样请参考8个单元重要的词汇及表达法。e.g. So far, only one man has come up with a theory that seems to fit all the facts.A. talked aboutB. found outC. read about这个句子出自综英课本第3单元，首先come up with 这个词组在本句中表示”提出/发现”的意思,因此选项B的find out是解释划线部分意思的答案。 B cloze 选词完形填空，选自课外。考察的是学生对词汇，语法的掌握和应用，及文章意思的理解。是在前一部分词汇和语法的基础上更进一步的一个综合能力的考察。所以学生在做这个题的时候，需要先通读整篇文章了解文章的大意，然后根据每句话的意思判断填空处应该填些的词是什么， 填入词后应该能够使上下文意思连贯。如果遇到不认识的单词，应该根据上下文的意思来推测并判断如何填空。4） 第四部分：翻译 包括两部分：英译汉和汉译英E-C英译汉的句子来自课本和补充阅读，考察的是学生的英文理解和汉语表达能力。对英文的理解是最关键的。复杂的句子需要先把主要的意思和结构（主干）找到，然后再来分析其他的部分是修饰主句中的哪个成分的。然后根据中文的习惯来表述。C-E汉译英的句子来自课本和课外，但考察的词汇，短语或句型都来自课本。考察的是学生对他们的理解和应用。和E-C有类似的地方，就是先确定主要的意思和结构（主干），再填加修饰的成分，最后进行整体的修饰和润色，与英翻中有一点不同的是：中翻英一定要确保括号要求使用的词组你在翻译中正确地使用了。综合英语（2）8个单元重要的词汇及表达法总结（复习重点）： Unit 1: prepare for 为做准备be relevant to sth.与有关的an added burden额外的负担focus on关注，以.为焦点carry on继续做某事from time to time时不时地，有时.It pays to做某事是有益处的complain about抱怨as well也；还on ones own独自地；独立地read through sth.从头到尾读或看Two heads are better than one两人智慧胜一人for now目前, 眼下；暂时Paraphrase需要掌握的句子如下:1. Starting in a new college, or starting on a subject new to you, can be an added burden.2. It pays to refresh your memory!3. Many suggestions in this book should make the burden of reading lighter.翻译需要掌握的句子:英译中:1. Two heads are better than one.2. Students often find it hard to understand some of the books they have to read.中译英:1. 这个周末我必须要为考试做准备了. (prepare for)2. 尽管缺乏资金，他还是继续他的实验. (carry on)3. 上大学期间，他不时在图书馆里寻找资料。(from time to time)4. 你需要把这篇文章都通读一遍. (read through)Unit 2: stand still不动；停止；停滞不前send for sb.捎信叫某人来take sth. apart拆开或拆散某物in no time很快；马上blank out成为空白；变得模糊不清；删除with superior eyes带着优越或骄傲的目光be lit up发亮；闪光be supposed to本应该是.adjust to 调整，使适应be through with完成，结束be good for对.有益, 能担当Paraphrase需要掌握的句子如下:1. It was awfully difficult to read words that stood still instead of moving, the way they were supposed to, on a screen. 2. What a waste! When you are through with a book, you just throw it away.翻译需要掌握的句子:英译中:1. He walked away whistling, the dusty old book tucked beneath his arm.2. Her mother had shaken her head sorrowfully and sent for the County Inspector.3. A teacher has to be adjusted to fit the mind of each boy and girl it teaches.中译英:1. 我们应该是周五之前完成作业. (be supposed to)2. 这个药对治疗感冒有好处. (be good for)3. 我想我们最好把警察叫来. (send for)4. 我们需要根据市场竞争的情况来调整我们的营销策略. (adjust to)Unit 3:up to（数量上）达到，多达as for至于；就方面而言not . in any way根本没有；一点也不die of死于so far迄今为止It is likely that是可能的come up with想出；提出recognize . as .认出是on board the ship在船上responded to做出反映Paraphrase需要掌握的句子如下:1. So far, only one man has come up with a theory that seems to fit all the facts. 2. The dolphins skins were not marked by fishing nets in any way.翻译需要掌握的句子:英译中:1. Rising sea temperatures might have driven the dolphins closer to the coast. 2. The electronic devices sent warning signals to the people on board ship.3. For some reason, the dolphins no longer responded to signals.中译英:1. 在飞机失事事件中有大约20人丧生。 (up to)2. 全球迅速对亚洲金融危机做出了回应。 (respond to)3. 这家店铺期望今年能赚点钱。(expect to)4. 到现在为止所有的帐单还都没有付清。 (so far)Unit 4:all in a days work不足为奇，难免的事be anything from . to .从到的任何事情think about考虑go through with sth.把某事进行到底as against与对比；与对照give up 放弃have a go at.试着做have (get) to do with和有关get sth. over with完成；结束have the final say有最后决定权go wrong出问题as yet至今；迄今set alight使燃烧Paraphrase需要掌握的句子如下:1. Its all in a days work when youre a stuntwoman. 2. The Stunt Committee is the governing body which has the final say as to whether you are accepted or not.翻译需要掌握的句子:英译中:1. Sarah is one of Britains 16 stuntwomen as against 160 men. 2. Sarah was paid 210 pounds a day for it, and because it was considered dangerous, she got another 200 pounds fee for every extra take.3. He was continually coming up with new, better and safer methods to create action in film.中译英:1. 一旦你开始了一个项目你就应该完成它。(go through with)2. 约翰决定找一个工作来养家，因为他的父母都失业了。(out of work)5. 你会发现有时你很难控制你的情绪。 (be in control of)6. 我们不能完全依靠这台机器,它有时候会出现故障。 (go wrong)Unit 5:amount to合计；共计look at 看, 考虑, 着眼于stand at达到；是lead to 导致in terms of根据；按照；就而言be based on建立在基础上；基于in danger of有的危险split up分裂cope with 处理have a vested interest in doing出于既得利益而做be here to stay风行；盛行meet up 碰面，在一起There is no question that.是毫无疑义的for the foreseeable future在可见的未来Paraphrase需要掌握的句子如下:1. The best-known example is Spanish, which in terms of numbers is certain to overtake English in the twenty-first century. 2. In much of the world, many other languages are used with hardly a word of English heard.3. These modern means of communication ensure that English speakers around the world have a vested interest in communicating with each other in a common language.翻译需要掌握的句子:英译中:1. I tried every method to make myself understood while I was traveling in foreign countries. 2. Whether we like it or not, English as an international language of communication is here to stay for the foreseeable future.3. The number in this group must amount to at least as many as those who speak English as a first and second language.中译英:1. 娱乐是低廉的，但就浪费的时间来说却是极其昂贵。(in terms of)2. 玛丽不得不一面抚养孩子一面还要做份全职工作。 (cope with)3. 开始时,政府很难说服人们离开这个地区。 (have difficulty in)4. 这项新政策可能会导致石油价格进一步上涨。 (lead to)Unit 6:look forward to期望on the way to在路上take off起飞make oneself known to介绍自己给某人认识to ones horror (surprise, grief, etc.)引起某人的恐惧（吃惊、悲伤等）build up越积越多insert into把某物插进去straighten out使变直stop sb./sth. from阻止work out算出；计算出in place在平常或应该在的地方；就位 make history成为或开创历史的新篇章take a risk冒险be in trouble有麻烦；有困难Paraphrase需要掌握的句子如下:1. Once that lung collapsed, the other lung would start to go. 2. Once it was in place, he pulled out the coat-hanger.翻译需要掌握的句子:英译中:1. The air was leaking into the area in her chest outside her lung. As it built up, the air pressed against her damaged lung, squeezing it flat. 2. Neither of them spoke of the great professional risks they had had to take: if they had made a mistake, and Paula had died, they might have been in trouble.中译英:1. 乔治看着自己的儿子,松了口气,笑了? (smile with relief)2. 张建创造了历史成为第一个从英国游泳到法国的中国人。(make history)3. 她考试不及格，老师很失望。 (to sbs disappointment)4. 在上学的路上他们只简单地交流了几句。 (on the way to )Unit 7:look to 指望,依靠along with 与一起； blaze a trail 和做模范；做先行者Its amazing to do.是令人惊奇的carry out 实施，执行lead to导致be responsible for负责correlationbetween. and.与.的相关性team up 合作， 共同fit in 合适deal with 处理disagree with不同意，意见不一致Paraphrase需要掌握的句子如下:1. In 1961 he climbed on top of a Redstone rocket, a rocket we had all watched fail often, and blazed the first American trail into space. 2. For most of history, answers eluded us.翻译需要掌握的句子:英译中:1. The 20th century and beyond is different. 2. During the Mercury program, we were just trying to find out if humans could endure and function in space.3. While on board Discovery, I will primarily be responsible for the experiments into the correlation between what happens to astronauts in space and aging on earth.4. We have always had a curious, questing nature that pushed back the frontiers of the unknown and put new knowledge to use.中译英:1. 许多报纸以订户为其收入的主要来源。 (look to)2. 能在这么短的时间内完成这个项目实在太令人惊奇了。(its amazing to do)3. 美国与其他十五个国家一起计划建立一个国际空间站。(along with)4. 每当遇到棘手的问题，他总是能处理得很好。 (deal with)Unit 8:come to power上台；掌权 be inferior to(等级、社会地位、重要性、质量等)较低的；差的be involved in与某事有关take part in 参加，参与a matter of time时间问题；迟早的事out of the question不可能的take great care非常小心地hand in (over)上交，移交come across偶然遇见或发现；碰到in one way or another 这样或那样地get into the habit of养成习惯protectfrom 保护免受of ones own accord主动地；自愿地make the best of尽力而为；充分利用Paraphrase需要掌握的句子如下:1. It was only a matter of time before they would be deported to almost certain death in the concentration camps. 2. One of the political beliefs of the Nazis who came to power in Germany in 1931 was that the Jews (and other races) were inferior to northern Europeans.3. They also believed that the Jews were involved in a plot to take over the world.翻译需要掌握的句子:英译中:1. The Anne Frank Educational Trust helps to keep her name alive in its international campaign against racism. 2. Her voice speaks for humanity; it speaks out against all those who think it is acceptable to kill those they hate, or to mistreat those who are of a different race, color and creed.3. For months, as many of our belongings as possible had been sent away and things were sufficiently ready for us to have gone into hiding of our own accord on 16th July.4. One of the most famous people to suffer at the hands of the Nazis was a young girl, Anne Frank.中译英:1. 国外进口的羊肉在味道上比国产羊肉差得多。(be inferior to)2. 保安应该负责保护工厂的财物不受到损伤。 (protect from)3. 这个周末你不可能去滑雪。(be out of the question)4. 在计划实施过程中我们必定会遇到很多困难,但我们有决心克服他们。 (come across)注意: 以上需要掌握的内容尤其是翻译的例句在考试中并不代表会完全相同。应该是掌握重点词组的使用和句子翻译的方法。II. 强化阅读（2）考核重点及解题要领以下会根据强化阅读（2）的试题结构的每个部分的题型进行讲解：1） 第一部分：Vocabulary（选自课本）词汇分两部分： 个单元重点单词和词组(对于单词要掌握在课本中的中文意思, 对于词组要掌握意思和用法)： Unit1: Text1: interaction 互动, disquieting令人不安的, feature特点, offensive冒犯的, find sth + adj发现.怎样., participate in参与, Text2: informality随意的, peremptory武断的，专横的, hypocritical虚伪的, etiquette礼节, disruptive捣乱的, decently体面地, be worthy of值得, discriminate against歧视Unit 2: Text 1: redundant多余的, donate捐赠, disposal处理, average平均, abound大量存在， incentive动机, innermost最隐秘的, turn out to be结果是, be aware of注意, not have a clue没有线索, be cleaned of被清除, broaden/have access to sth有接近（享受）的机会Text 2: restriction限制, integrate (使)融入, potential潜能, become familiar with熟悉, pledge to承诺, integrateinto.把融入., by no means完全不是, set in motion开始 Unit 3: Part 1: revive苏醒, inspiration激励，鼓励, frustrated使泄气的, therapy治疗, for fear that唯恐, in conjunction with与.结合, in leaps and bounds突飞猛进的, be in charge of负责, respond to对.做出反应Part 2, text1: stimulation激励, spontaneous自发的, instigate开始, aggressive威胁的, in captivity圈养, grab hold of抓住Part2, text2: privileged荣幸的, depressed忧郁的, release释放，放出, healing治愈的，治疗的, out of ones own will自愿地, go along with同意, suffer from受.之苦Unit 4: Text 1: conquer征服, premonition预感, reveal揭露，揭示, suicide自杀, unconscious失去知觉的, fatal致命的, be doomed to必定, turn down拒绝, recover from恢复Text 2: treat乐趣, bulging突出的, puny瘦弱的, be in for遭受，体验, peel off脱掉, catch up with对产生坏影响, be in danger of有.的危险, be entitled to有权Unit 5: Text 1: accountability有责任,有义务, identity身份, compile汇编, bureaucratic官僚的, jargon专业术语, sophisticated高深的, exponent倡导者, hit the spot合乎需求, (get) out of hand失控Text 2: estimate估计, exception例外, classify分类, sustain维持, die out消亡, recognize (regard)as被认为, play a part in起作用, on the grounds that因为Unit 6: Part 1, text 1: facelift整容, relaunch重新开始, bid企图，努力, competitive竞争的, appeal to吸引Part1, text 2: about-turn大改变, nosedive急剧下降, prominence突出, overwhelming巨大的, jazzy鲜艳的;花哨的, range fromto范围从.到., be in favour of支持，赞成Part 2: able-bodied强壮的, exhilarated振奋的, scrape刮，擦, go through经历, come to a halt停下 Unit 7: Part1, text1: undergo经历，遭受, consequence后果, apply to向申请要求, be subjected to使经受, step in插手，干涉, regardless of不管, lead to导致Part1, text2: witness目击, impressive给人印象深的, dispel驱散，消除, refer to提及，有关, adapt to使适应Part2: venerable令人尊敬的, expenditure花销，开销, nostalgic怀旧的, veteran经验丰富的, readapt重新适应, have something (little, everything) to do with与有关（无关）, prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人