医学基础英语单词总结.doc

人体解剖生理学凝血 blood coagulation止血 hemostasis血红蛋白 hemoglobin, Hb胶体渗透压 colloid osmotic pressure血小板 platelet血型 blood group兴奋性 excitability有效不应期 effective refrectory period,ERP自律性 autorhythmicity传导性 conductivity血输出量 cardiac output期前收缩 premature systole心电图 electrocardiogram微循环 microcirculation顺应性 compliance 潮气量 tidal volume，TV肺通气量 ventilation volume呼吸 respiratory肺泡表面活性物质 pulmonary surfactant通气/血流比值 ventilation/perfusion ratio消化 digestion吸收 absorption胃肠激素 gastrointestinal hormone胃泌素 gastrin胆盐的肠肝循环 enterohepatic circulation of bile salt肝 liver胰蛋白酶 trypsin肾单位 nephron肾 kidney肾小球滤过 glomerular filtration重吸收 reabsorption分泌 secretion肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统 renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system管-球平衡 glomerulotubular balance感受器 sensory receptor角膜 cornea视网膜 retina近视 myopia夜盲症 nyctalopia视野 visual field甲状腺 thyroid gland激素 hormone 远距分泌 telecrine皮质醇 cortisol胰岛 pancreatic islet拮抗作用 antagonism细胞膜 cell membrane细胞器organelle内质网 endoplasmic reticulum溶酶体 lysosome线粒体mitochondria染色体chromosome细胞凋亡apoptosis上皮组织 epithelia tissue结缔组织connective tissue软骨cartilage骨组织osseous tissue骨骼肌skeletal muscle心肌cardiac muscle平滑肌 smooth muscle神经胶质细胞neuroglial cell神经纤维 nerve fibril树突dendrite轴突axon郎飞结 ranvier node被动转运 passive transport单纯扩散 simple diffusion易化扩散 facilitated diffusion主动转运 active transport入胞endocytosis出胞exocytosis动作电位 action potential静息电位 resting potential极化polarization局部电流 local current神经肌接头neuromusclular junction等长收缩 isometric contraction等张收缩 isotonic contraction灰质gray matter脊髓 spinal cord脑 encephalon延髓 medulla oblongata脑桥 pons中脑 mesencephalon小脑 cerebellum下丘脑 hypothalamus大脑 cerebrum大脑皮质 cerebral cortex血脑屏障 blood-brain barrier交感 sympathetic轴浆运输 axoplasmic trabsport神经冲动 nerve implulse乙酰胆碱 acetylcholine中枢抑制central inhition脑电图 electroencephalogram条件反射 conditioned reflex语言优势半球 dominant hemisphere微生物球菌 coccus杆菌 bacillus螺形菌spiral bacterium肽聚糖peptidoglycan外膜outer membrane脂质A lipid A磷壁酸 teichoic acid细菌L型 bacterial L form胞质膜 cytoplasmic membrane中介体 mesosome质粒plasmid荚膜capsule荚膜肿胀反应quellung reaction菌毛pilus鞭毛flagellum芽胞spore热原质pyrogen毒素toxinendotoxin内毒素exotoxin外毒素消毒disinfection灭菌sterilization抑菌bacteriostasis防腐antisepsis无菌asepsis噬菌体 bacteriophage毒性噬菌体 lytic or virulentphage温和噬菌体 temperate phage溶原性噬菌体lysogenic phage前噬菌体prophage溶原性细菌lysogenic bacterium溶原性lysogeny溶原性转换lysogenic convereion溶原周期 lysogenic cycle支原体 mycoplasma衣原体chlamydiae立克次体rickettsia螺旋体spirochete真菌fungus菌丝hypha孢子spore病毒virus核衣壳nucleocapsid壳粒capsomer螺旋对称型helical symmetry二十面体立体对称型icosahedral symmetry复合对称型complex symmetry包膜envelop包膜子粒peplomer刺突spike吸附和穿入adsorption and penetration脱壳uncoating生物合成biosynthesis组装成熟与释放assembly and release免疫固有免疫innate immunity适应性免疫adaptive immunity免疫防御immunity defence免疫监视immunity surveillance免疫应答immunity response免疫自身稳定immunity homeostasis骨髓bone marrow胸腺thymms淋巴结lymph node脾spleen淋巴细胞归巢lymphocyte homing淋巴细胞再循环lymphocyte recirculation抗原antigen抗原决定簇antigenic determinant抗原结合价antigenic valence半抗原hapten变应原allergen耐受原tolerogen抗原表位epitope顺序抗原sequential epitope构象抗原comformational epitope佐剂adjuvant丝裂原mitoge抗体antibody免疫球蛋白immunoglobin补体complement细胞因子cytokine白细胞介素interleukin干扰素interferon肿瘤坏死因子tumor mecrosis factor集落刺激因子colony-stimulating factor趋化因子chemokine白细胞分化抗原leukocyte differentiation antigen细胞黏附因子cell adhesion molecules整合素integrin选择素selectin主要组织相容性复合体major histocompatibility complex人白细胞抗原human leukocyte antigen克隆消除clone deleting受体编辑receptor editing失能anergy浆细胞plasma cell阳性选择positive selection初始T细胞native效应effector记忆memory抗原提呈细胞antigen-presenting cell树突状细胞denotritic cells单核细胞monocyte免疫突触immunogical synapse生发中心germinal center亲