外教研版高中英语必修一Module_6名师导学.doc

Module 6The Internet andTelecommunications 本单元围绕“因特网和电子通讯”这一中心话题展开，涉及因特网的历史，师生对因特网的不同看法，手机在中国的普及和手机短讯的发送等内容，语言技巧也由此衍生。这些话题比较时尚，但也与同学们的生活、实际关系密切。I. 内容全解1It then became possible for universities to use the system as well. 然后大学里也可以运用这套系统。 这是一个it作形式主语的句型，后面的动词不定式作真正的主语。这类结构有：（1）h isseemsfeelsadj.to do sth. Its hard to translate this sentence into English. 把这个句子译成英语很难。 It seems easy to deal with him. 跟他打交道好像挺容易。（2）Itsn.to do sth. Its a mistake to do it in this way. 这样做是错误的。 Its a pleasure to be with you. 跟你在一起很高兴。（一句多译）在这儿见到你真意外! 1.Its great surprise to meet you here! 2.Its very surprising to meet you here! 3.Im very surprised to meet you here! （3）It动词短语to do sth. It needs hard work to finish the job. 做完那项工作需要艰苦劳动。 It requires patience to teach children. 教育孩子需要耐心。（4）在这类句子结构中，不定式的逻辑主语通常可在特定的情景中看出，也可用介词for或of引出。 Its impossible for him to go alone. 他一个人去是不可能的。 Its kind of you to say so. 谢谢你这样说。 辨析Itsfor sb. to do与Itsof sb. to do 句型Itsadj.for sb. to do中，it为形式主语，for，sb. to do是真正的主语，使用这一句型只表明不定式行为的特点，而不表明sb.本身的特点，常见的此类形容词有easy，difficult，hard，important，necessary，expensive，impossible等。 句型Its adj.of sb. to do中，it为形式主语，of sb. to do是真正的主语。使用这一句型意在对sb.及其所做的行为进行评价，此类形容词有good，kind，nice，wise，wrong，clever，brave，honest等。另外，后一种句型可以进行下列句型转换： Its stupid of you to make such a mistake. You are stupid to make such a mistake. 而前一种句型则不能这样转换： Its impossible for him to go alone.不能转换为： He is impossible to go alone.2NSFNET became known as the InterNetwork，or Internet. NSFNET作为“内部网络”或者“因特网”而闻名。 becomebe known as被称作；被认为 He is known as a fair judge. 他被认为是一位公正的法官。 These chocolate bars are known as something else in the U.S.，but I cant remember what. 这种巧克力棒在美国有别的叫法，但我记不起叫什么来着。链接 1.be known for 因面著名 2.be known to 为所知 3.Its well known that 人们都知道 He is known for his frankness. 他以坦率著称。 I dont think hes known to anybody here. 我认为这里谁也不认识他。 It is well known that Edison invented the electric lamp. 人们都知道是爱迪生发明了电灯。 比较be famous仅表示“出名”，后跟as或for，相当于be known asfor，但不能用于Itsthat的结构。3At the moment，about 80 percent of web traffic is in English，but this percentage is going down. 目前，大约有80%的网络用英语，但这个百分比正在下降。 at the momentat the present time；now 此刻；现在 The number is engaged at the moment. Try again later. 这个号现在占线，随后再试试吧。 百分数的表达法 百分数由“基数词percent (per cent ) 构成”。如：53%读作fiftythree percent，应注意的是percent不能用复数形式。若百分数部分用作主语，其谓语动词要依其后的名词意义来决定。如： About sixty percent of the apple is bad. 这个苹果约60%坏了。 About sixty percent of apples are bad. 这些苹果的约60%坏了。 I think its ninety percent probable. 我想有90%的可能。 注：用percent构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词应根据of后的名词确定。4Berners-Lee built his first computer while he was at university using an old television! 读大学时，伯纳斯李利用一台旧电视机制成了他的第一台电脑! 本句中using an old television是动词的-ing形式充当方式状语。 现在分词在句中作状语可以表示为以下几种情况： 时间状语： Walking around the city，we were impressed by the citys new look.在城里走时，城市的新容貌给我们留下了深刻印象。 条件状语： Staying here for some time，youll find the people here are friendly. 若在此呆上一段时间，你会发现这里的人们很友好。 原因状语： Thinking he might be at home，I telephoned him. 考虑到他可能在家，我就给他打了电话。 伴随状语： He sat in the armchair，reading the newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅上读报纸。5He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland. 他是在1989年在瑞士工作期间产生“世界联网”这一想法的。 come up with意为“提出；提供”。如： I hope you can come up with a better plan than this. 我希望你能提出一个比这更好的计划。 He came up with many questions at the meeting. 他在会上提出了很多问题。 拓展come up with还可意为“赶上”。如： Ill come up with you soon. 我很快会赶上你的。 比较come up意为“被提出”。如： The question hasnt come up yet. 这个问题还没有被提出来。 The topic kept coming up in their conversation. 他们在交谈中老是提到这个题目。6Berners-Lee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet，no just universities and the army. 伯纳斯李利使所有人不仅是大学和军队使用“因特网”成为可能。 make it possible for everyone to use中“作形式宾语，possible是形容词作宾补，for everyone to use是不定式短语作真正的宾语。例如： Modern technology has made it possible 10 fly in space. 现代技术使得在太空飞行成为可能。 We find it necessary for us to grasp another foreign language. 我们发现掌握另一门外语是有必要的。 We do not think it proper for you to say such a thing. 我们觉得你说这种事情不合适。 注：“作形式主语或形式宾语时，不能换成this或that等。7Within five years，the number of Internet users rose from 600 000 to 40 million. 五年内，使用因特网的人数从60万增长到了4千万。 辨析：the number of与a number of the number of表示“的数量”，中心词为the number ofn.短语是定语修饰number，因此谓语动词用单数；a number of为量词短语，表示“许多的”，中心词是这个短语所修饰的复数名词，因此，作主语时，谓语动词应该用复数形式。例如： The number of students in our school has grown from 1 000 to more than 1 500. 我们学校学生的数量从1 000名逐步增加到1 500多名。 A number of students of our school have read that kind of magazine. 我们学校有许多学生看过那本杂志。 The number it wild animals has become less in recent years. 最近几年来，野兽的数量减少了。 A number of wild animals have been found in the forest. 森林里发现了一些野兽。 提示a number ofa goodlargegreat number ofnumbers of 链接 1.a great/good deal of +不可数名词 2.a lot of = lots of +可数或不可数名词 3.plenty of +可数或不可数名词（用于肯定句中）8As much time as I can. 尽可能多的时间。 “as I can为比较状语从句，其后省略了spend。请看如下asas结构： You can take as much as you can. 你尽管拿。 Ill help him as much as I can. 我会尽力帮他的。 Please call on me as frequently as you can. 请经常来看我。 Once he is on the highway，he always drives as fast as he can. 一高速路，他总是开快车。 “asadv.as主语cancould结构常可以用“as adv.aspossible来代替，意为“尽可能地”。如： He was running as fast as he could(as fast as possible). 他在尽可能快地跑着。 You must speak English as often as you can (as often as possible ). 你必须尽可能经常地说英语。9They are called emotions，and there are some examples below. 它们被称为“情绪”，下面是一些例子。 emotion此处为可数名词，作“（喜、怒、哀、乐等的）感情、情绪”讲。如下图： The program will stirarouse the emotions“the viewers. 那个节目将会激起观众的情绪。 emotion作为不可数名词，当“（强烈的）感情；激动，兴奋”讲。如： I was overcome bywith emotion. 我激动感动得无法自已。 辨析emotion与feeling feeling是感觉和感情最普通的用语。当“感情”讲时，需用复数形式。 emotion是喜、怒、哀、乐的情感。如： We can understand his feelings. 我们了解他的心情。 I didnt mean to hurt his feelings. 我并不想伤害他的感情。.例题精讲【例1】 “Have you seen_ pen? I left it here this morning.”“Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.” Aa；the Bthe；the Ca；a Dthe；a 解析：此题答案为C，pen第一次提到是泛指，a black one也是泛指。 点评：此题考查冠词的用法。容易误选A，生搬硬套冠词用法规则：第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠词，第二次再提到该人或该事物时用定冠词。但事实上，此题的第二空Is it _ black one?中的one并非指前面提到的pen，即这里的one与前面的pen并非同一事物。另外，从后面的I think I saw it somewhere(我想我在哪个地方见过)可知前一句的black one不能是特指的，而应是泛指的，故应用不定冠词。【例2】Take _ care，it is _ onelegged chair. Athe；3 Ba；an Cthe；an D；3 解析：此题答案为D。take care是固定短语意为“当心”不加冠词，后一空为泛指用不定冠词。 点评：此题也是考查冠词的用法。后一空有的同学很容易想当然地选择an，认为one是元音开头的单词。其实，后一空应填a，因为onelegged虽以元音字母开头，但其并不以元音开头。【例3】_ is hard is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad. AHe BIt Cthat DWhat 解析：此题答案为D。该句为What引导的主语从句。 点评：此题容易误选B，认为这是考查形式主语。其实，句首的What is hard是主语从句，注意What is hard后的谓语动词is，假若没有此is，则应选B，即说成：It is hard to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.【例4】I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. Ait Bthat Cthem D 解析：此题答案为A，I hate it when为固定句型。 点评：此题容易误选D，许多同学想当然地认为when所引导的句之子是一个宾语从句，无需在hate和when从句之间使用其他词语。事实上，when引导的不是一个宾语从句，而是一个时间状语从句，因为句中的when的意思并不是“什么时候”，而是“当的时候”。另一方面，有的同学可能认为，就算when引导的是状语从句，也可以选D，因为动词hate可视为不及物动词，其后不接宾语。但事实上，hate在现代英语中只用作及物动词，其后必须要有宾语，假若其后直接跟有when引导的时间状语从句或if引导的条件状语从句时，习惯上后接it，有的词典还把hate it when (if ) 作为一个句型来处理。【例5】That day Mr. Smith got up late，so he ran as fast as he could _ the early bus. Acatch Bto catch Ccatching Dcaught 解析：此题答案为B，不定式作目的状语。 点评：此题容易误选A，认为情态动词后只能接动词原形。但是，错了，正确的答案是B。其实情态动词could后本来有动词原形run，只是被省略