河北省廊坊市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解基础题（4）.doc

阅读理解二轮基础题（4）【2014高考英语湖北省八校联考】阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。many years ago in a small german town, a jewish businessman had the misfortune of owing a large sum of money to the moneylender. the moneylender, who was old and ugly, fancied the businessmans beautiful daughter. so he proposed a bargain.the moneylender told them that he would put a black pebble and a white pebble into an empty bag. the girl would then have to pick one pebble from the bag. if she picked the black pebble, she would become the moneylenders wife and he would forgo her fathers debt. if she picked the white pebble, she need not marry him and her fathers debt would still be forgiven. but if she refused to pick a pebble, her father would be thrown into jail.they were standing on a pebble-strewn path. as they talked, the moneylender bent over to pick up two pebbles. the sharp-eyed girl noticed that he had picked up two black pebbles and put them into the bag. he then asked the girl to pick a pebble from the bag. no doubt she was caught in a dilemma.what would you have done if you were the girl? careful analysis would produce three possibilities: 1. the girl should refuse to take a pebble.2. the girl should know that there were two black pebbles in the bag and expose the money-lender as a cheat.3. the girl should pick a black pebble and sacrifice herself in order to save her father from his debt and imprisonment.the above story is used with the hope that it will make us appreciate the difference between lateral (横向的)and logical thinking. read onthe girl put her hand into the moneybag and drew out a pebble. without looking at it, she fumbled and let it fall onto the pebble-strewn pathwhere it immediately became lost among all the other pebbles. “oh, how clumsy of me!” she said. “but never mind, if you look into the bag for the one that is left, you will be able to tell which pebble i picked.” since the remaining pebble is black, it must be assumed that she had picked the white one. and since the moneylender dared not admit his dishonesty, the girl changed what seemed an impossible situation into an extremely advantageous one.55. the underlined word “forgo” in paragraph 2 may mean _.a. pay offb. run outc. take over d. give up56. which of the following indicates lateral thinking?a. the girl refused to take a pebble and fled at once.b. the girl exposed the cheat and found another way.c. the girl picked one pebbles and made it disappear.d. the girl picked a black pebble and accepted the result.57. it can be inferred from the passage that _. a. the girl dropped the pebble onto the path on purposeb. the girl dropped the pebble onto the path by accidentc. the girl didnt know there were two black pebbles in the bagd. the girl replaced a black pebble in the bag58. what lesson can we learn from the story? a. keeping calm when facing a difficult situation.b. thinking about a complicated problem in another way.c. thinking twice before making a final choice.d. coming up with a clever answer is easy.【参考答案】55-58dcab 阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。in business, there is a speed difference: its the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive (竞争的) strategy（策略）and how fast the company actually moves. the difference is important regardless of industry and company size .companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.in our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track, whats more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period.how did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? they thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ).simply increasing the speed of production, for example ,may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference .but that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.in our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. they became more open to ideas and discussion. they encouraged new ways of thinking. and they allowed time to look back and learn. by contrast (相比而言), performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didnt develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore , are more successful in meeting their business goals . that kind of strategy must come from the top.( ) 1. what does the underlined part “gain an edge” in paragraph 2 mean? a. increase the speed. b. get an advantage. c. reach the limit. d. set a goal.( ) 2. the underlined part “the laws of business physics” in paragraph 3 means _. a. spending more time and performing worse.b. spending more time and performing betterc. spending less time and performing worse d. spending less time and performing better ( ) 3. what can we learn from the text? a. how fast a firm moves depends on how big it is.b. how competitive a firm is depends on what it produces.c. firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes.d. firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.( ) 4. which could be the best title for the text? a. improve quality? serve better. b. deliver value? plough ahead.c. reduce time? move faster. d. need speed? slow down.【参考答案】1-4、bdcd阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。here is your best chance to travel around the uk in 2012: more that 200 b&bs(bed & breakfast) across england, scotland, wales and northern ireland are selected to offer you amazing services for your stay at their lowest prices! dont miss it. just collect the vouchers(活动券) in our b&b daily printed from 01/04/2012 to 07/04/2012 and book the stays for your travel following the terms and conditions below：the offer includes a room for the night and a breakfast the next morning.the offer is of two kinds： 20 per room, per night, valid(有效的)during stay period of 02/04/201231/05/2012 and then again 01/09/201231/10/2012； 35 per room, per night, valid during stay period of 01/06/201231/08/2012.the offer is valid for a basic twin or double room only.the stay must be booked directly with the chosen b &bs before 28/04/2012.each voucher can only be used by the holder to book one room for one night.if voucher holders book either the 20 or 35 per room per night, and additional services such as lunch, evening meal or activities may require an extra charge. but these are not required in order to take up the offer. please check directly with your chosen b&bs to see what extra services are available.vouchers must be presented on arrival. if no vouchers are presented, the b&bs may reserve(保留)the right to charge at full price for every night of stay.vouchers may not be used together with any other offer.the voucher holders must pay for the stay in full at the time of booking. additional $10 may be paid to confirm(确认) the booking and will be returned on arrival.the b&bs reserve the right to refuse voucher holders bookings for people under the age of 18.45. the voucher can be used for a stay at the chosen b&b on _.a09/01/2012 b04/02/2012c01/03/2012 d28/04/201246. how much should be paid for a twonight stay in october 2012 at a chosen b&b?a70. b40. c35. d30.47. what right do the b&bs reserve?ato charge extra $10 for bookings with no vouchers.bto refuse bookings for guests under the age of 18.cto charge at full price for stays not confirmed.dto request extra charges as tips.48. by taking up the offer, the voucher holders can choose to_.abook either a basic twin or double room at the chosen b&bsbhave lunch or evening meal without paying extra moneycuse the b&b offer together with other offersdbook the stays through b&b daily 【要点综述】本文介绍了英国的b&bs旅行食宿优惠活动，主要谈到了此次活动的具体操作及注意事项。45. d推理判断题。根据文中所提到的时间：02/04/201231/05/2012；01/09/201231/10/2012；01/06/201231/08/2012可知，四到十月活动券有效。故答案为d。46. b推理判断题。根据文中“20 per room, per night, valid(有效的)during stay period of 02/04/201231/05/2012 and then again 01/09/201231/10/2012”可知，在十月住两天晚上需40。47b细节理解题。根据最后一条规定“the b&bs reserve the right to refuse voucher holders bookings for people under the age of 18.”可知答案为b。48. a细节理解题。根据第三条规定“the offer is valid for a basic twin or double room only.”可知答案为a。2014高考英语湖北省八校联考】阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。public caught up in argument over safety of genetically modified or simply gm products, report zhang lei and zhong nan inbeijing.more than 300 people gathered to enjoy a bowl of porridge made from genetically modified food on saturday, an attempt to quell public fears about the safety of the product.the first china golden rice tasting event was held at huazhong agricultural university in wuhan, hubei province, sparking another round in the nationwide debate about the safety of gm crops, often called frankenfood by opponents.similar events have been held in more than 28 cities since may, the university said.both the pro and anti camps have posted conflicting comments on the internet, with each providing evidence to back up their beliefs, but the exchanges are becoming increasingly bitter.jiang tao, a senior engineer at the center for agricultural resources research at the chinese academy of sciences, who is in favor of gm foods, was annoyed about what he called amateurs spreading rumors.just look at the people who are opposed to gm foods; can you find anyone from a related field in the scientific community? he asked. jiang also accused the anti-gm lobby of repeatedly using outdated or inaccurate data to support an incorrect stance.chen yunfa, an independent researcher into the yangtze river delta economy, recently wrote a commentary on the internet news portal eastday in which he criticized the actions of the 61 scientists, saying they had gone beyond their proper duty. he suggested that large multinational corporations might be behind the letter and similar incidents, prompted by a desire to freeze chinas patent hybrid rice technology out of the market.to support his contentions, chen said that gm rice, first produced by scientists in the us, still hasnt gained official approval from the us government. however, the us authorities have actually granted licenses to six varieties of gm rice. the commercial planting of two varieties - anti-herbicide (bar) transgenic rice ll rice 06 and ll rice 62 - produced by the french pharmaceutical company sanofi-aventis, was approved in 1999 and a license for cultivation for edible use was granted in 2000.the public outcry for gm labeling and boycotting has hindered the advancement of the technology. concern about gm foods has been fueled by studies like the one published by french professor gilles-eric sralini in september 2012. sralini claimed that his research involving rats proved that the gm corn fed to them caused tumor growth. furthermore, there is growing concern that the pesticides(杀虫剂) used on gmos（转基因作物）are contributing to the decline of the worlds honey bee population, leading to honey bee deaths by infecting the brains of the insects with toxins. therefore, some experts recommend the labeling of non-gm foods so that consumers can make that decision without a regulatory burden being placed on gmos.however, we should be cautious about anything that may risk humans life. only time will tel