新目标八年级英语Unit3教材详解及习题.doc

Unit3教材详解及习题1. camping 野营2. visiting my grandmother 看望我的奶奶3. spending time with friends 与朋友一起消磨时光4. babysitting 照顾小孩5. playing basketball 6. exercising7. watching TV 8. relaxing at home 在家休息A: What are you doing for vacation? 假期你要做什么？B: Im babysitting my sister. 我要照看我妹妹。A: Whats she doing for vacation? 假期她要做什么？B: Shes babysitting her sister. 她要照看她妹妹。内容详解：1. What are you doing for vacation? 假期你要做什么？What are you doing for.? 【口语】这是一个现在进行时态的句子，用来询问将来的计划、打算等。回答时也用进行时态表示计划、打算要做的事。例句： What are you doing for your vacation? 假期你打算做什么？ Im going sightseeing. 我要去观光。句中for 为介词，表示“为了（某一目的）”。例句：He went to Japan for the holiday. 他去日本度假了。She is coming for it. 她要来取它。vacation【美】和holiday【英】都指假期，vacation 尤指学校假期。2. Im babysitting my sister. 我要照看我妹妹。本句为现在进行时表达将来要做的事情。be+doing 结构在本句中表示按计划即将发生的动作，常用于表示位置转移的动词，如：go，come，leave，start，arrive，move 等。例句：We are leaving on Friday. 我们将在星期五出发。内容详解：1. That sounds nice. 那听起来好极了。本句中sound 为连系动词，其后通常跟形容词作表语，意为“听起来”。例句：Her voice sounds very sweet. 她的声音听起来很甜美。That story sounds very interesting. 那个故事听起来很有趣。sound like 听起来像例句：Her voice sounds like the singing of birds. 她的声音听起来像鸟儿的歌唱声。sound n.声音例句：I heard the sound of running water. 我听到了流水的声音。2. Who are you going with? 你将和谁一起去？Im going with my parents. 我要和我的父母一起去。3. visiting cousins 拜访表兄（弟）辨析：几种关于“拜访”的表达方式visit+人或场所（特别是公务）【正式用语】call at +处所【正式用语】call on +人【正式用语】drop in at +处所【非正式用语】drop in on +人【非正式用语】go to see +人（特别是亲友）【普通用语】用所给动词的适当形式填空： Whats your plan for the coming vacation（即将到来的假期）. I _ (visit) Beijing if possible（如果可能的话）.答案：am visiting；用现在进行时表示将来。4. on the 11th. 在11 号on 表示时间，用于某一天、某一天的某个时间段或特定的日子前。例句：I visited him on Sunday. 我星期天拜访了他。I visited her on Saturday afternoon. 我在星期六下午拜访了她。He came to this city on a cold morning in February.他在二月的一个寒冷的早晨来到了这座城市。Our motherland will celebrate her 61st birthday on October 1st.我们的祖国将在十月一日庆祝她的61 岁生日。What are you doing for vacation? 假期你要做什么？Im visiting my grandmother. 我要去看望我的奶奶。Whats she doing for vacation? 假期她要做什么？Shes going camping. 她要去野营。What are they doing for vacation? 假期他们要做什么？Theyre relaxing at home. 他们要在家里休息。When are you going? 你什么时候去？Im going on Monday. 我星期一去。When is he going? 他什么时候去？Hes going on the 12th. 他12 号去。When are they going? 他们什么时候去？Theyre going next week. 他们下周去。内容详解：1. Im going hiking in the mountains. 我要到山中徒步旅行。go+v.ing 表示“去做某事”，常用于从事某一体育活动或休闲娱乐活动。go swimming 去游泳go shopping 去购物go camping 去野营go boating 去划船go walking 去散步go climbing 去登山go dancing 去跳舞go hiking 去远足go sightseeing 去观光2. How long are you staying? 你要待多长时间？how long 意为“多久，多长时间”，用来询问一段时间。how long 还可用于询问物体的长度。例句：How long is he staying? 他要待多长时间？How long is the table? 这张桌子有多长？how long 用来询问时间时，答句用“for+一段时间”。例句： How long are they staying there? 他们要在那里待多长时间。 They are staying there for two weeks. 他们要在那待两周。也可省略前半部分，只回答：For two weeks.how long 用来询问时间时，只能与延续性动词连用。例句：How long may I keep your bike? 你的自行车我可以借多久？How long may I borrow your bike? 【错误】3. Just for four days. 就待4 天。本句中just 为副词，意为“仅仅，只是”，同义词为only。just 的其他用法：后接名词、名词短语或句子，意为“正好，恰好”。例句：It was just four oclock when we got home.我们到家时恰好是4 点钟。用于一些日常用语中，尤其用于祈使句中，表示强调。例句：Just think! 想想看！Just wait for a moment, please. 请稍等片刻。just now 刚才，不久以前【用于一般过去时】例句：He left the classroom just now. 他刚刚离开教室。4. Show me your photos when we get back to school.当我们回到学校的时候给我看一下你的照片。show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物同义句：Show your photos to me when we return to school.“get back to+地点名词”表示“回到某地”，相当于return to。另外，“get sth. back”还有“取回，拿回，要回”的意思。例句：When did you get back to the city. 你什么时候回到那个城市的？I want to go to Toms home to get my book back. 我想去汤姆家取回我的书。home 为地点副词，其前不能用介词，因此“回到家”为get back home或get home。A: What is Zhu Yan doing for vacation?B: Shes going to San Francisco.A: How long is she staying?B: Shes staying for four days.A: What is Mary doing for vacation?B: Shes going to the beach.【go to the beach 去海滩】A: How long is she staying?B: Shes staying for five days.A: What is Mike doing for vacation?B: Hes going sports camping.【go sports camping 去运动野营】A: How long is he staying?B: Hes staying for 11 days.内容详解：1. Whats it like there? 那儿怎么样？Whats.like？意思是“怎么样？”例句：What is Miss Billie like? 比莉小姐长得怎么样？对比：What does Miss Billie like? 比莉小姐喜欢什么？2. Hows the weather there? 那儿的天气怎么样？同义句：Whats the weather like there?该句型的时态变化：How was the weather yesterday? 昨天的天气怎么样？= What was the weather like yesterday?How will the weather be tomorrow? 明天的天气怎么样？= What will the weather be like tomorrow?注意：How will the weather be tomorrow? 这句话虽然没有语法错误，但这么说外国人一般听不懂，Whats.like 才是问天气的地道说法。3. Can I ask you a few questions about your vacation plans? 我可以问你几个关于你假期计划的问题吗？Can I.? 常用来征求对方的许可，往往希望得到对方的肯定回答，在该疑问句中用some 不用any，用something 不用anything。其肯定答语多为Sure. / Certainly. / Of course you can. 否定答语为Sorry, you cant.例句：Can I have something to eat? 【不定式作后置定语】给我一些吃的东西好吗？plan 在句中是名词，意为“计划”，为可数名词。plan 可以作动词，其句式为：plan to do sth. 意为“计划做某事”。例句：They are planning to go hiking this weekend. 他们正在计划本周末去远足的事。He plans to visit his grandmother next week. 他计划下周去看望他的祖母。课文翻译：法国著名歌手本兰伯特今年夏天要去休长假。他原本想去希腊或者西班牙，但最终决定去加拿大。“我总是在欧洲度假”，他说道，“这一次我想做一些不同的事情。我听说加拿大很美，而且我知道那里有许多讲法语的人。”本打算去加拿大的五大湖。他要在六月的第一周启程并且一直待到九月份。他计划度过一个非常休闲的假期。“我要散步、钓鱼、骑自行车旅行。我计划在美丽的乡村度过一段时光。我热爱大自然。我希望我能忘掉我所有的烦恼。在晚上，我要租影碟、睡足够的觉很棒的假期！我等不及了！”内容详解：1. Ben Lambert, the famous French singer, is taking a long vacation this summer.本兰伯特，法国著名歌手，打算在今年夏天休长假。the famous French singer 与Ben Lambert 是同位语，是对Ben Lambert的补充说明。be famous for. 以而著名（出名）；因而著名（出名）例句：China is famous for the Great Wall. 中国以长城而著名。be famous as. 作为而出名例句：Lu Xun is very famous as a writer. 鲁迅作为一名作家很出名。singer 是由动词sing 加-er 构成的名词，表示做该动作的人。write（写作）writer（作家） drive（驾驶）driver（司机）swim（游泳）swimmer（游泳者） play（比赛）player（选手以e 结尾的动词只在词尾加-r；结尾三个字母符合“两辅夹一元” 且构成重读音节的词，双写末尾字母再加-er；以y 结尾的单词，若倒数第二个字母为元音字母（通常为a 或o），则直接加-er；若倒数第二个字母为辅音字母，则把y 变i 然后加-er。【规则动词的过去式变化规则与此类似】请写出下列动词的过去式：hope _ carry _ study _ stay _enjoy _ stop _ plan _ open _答案：hoped，carried，studied，stayed，enjoyed，stopped，planned，opened【open 重读字母o 的发音】take a long vacation 度长假take a vacation 度假，也可以说成have a vacation2. He thought about going to Greece or Spain, but decided on Canada.他原本考虑去希腊或者西班牙，但最终决定去加拿大。think about 意思是“考虑”，是固定词组，不可分开。about 是介词，其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。例句：Ill think about it. 我会考虑这件事的。He is thinking about going to get his bike back. 他正在考虑去取回他的自行车。think about+疑问代词+动词不定式例句：She is thinking about how to make a model plane. 她正在考虑怎样制作一个飞机模型。He never thinks about what to eat the next day. 他从来不考虑第二天吃什么。think of 考虑，关心think over 仔细考虑think out 努力想出decide on 意为“决定，选定”，其后可跟名词或动名词。例句：He decided on spending the vacation by the sea. 他决定在海边度假。In the end, she decided on the yellow sweater. 最后，她决定买那件黄色的毛衣。decide to do sth. 决定做某事例句：He decided to go to France for his vacation. 他决定去法国度假。decide+疑问代词+动词不定式例句：She cant decide what to wear. 她拿不定主意穿什么。单项选择： I cant decide _. You mean the yellow sweater or the blue one?A. how to go there B. whom to go withC. where to visit D. which to choose答案：D3. This time I want to do something different. 这一次我想做一些不同的事。something different 不同的事情当形容词修饰不定代词something，anything，nothing 等时，形容词应置于其后，翻译成汉语时通常前置。例句：There is nothing new in todays newspaper. 今天的报纸上没有什么新鲜事。He heard something interesting outside yesterday. 昨天他在外面听到了一些有趣的事。Do you have anything important to tell me? 你有什么重要的事情要告诉我吗？4. I heard that Canada is beautiful, and I know there are many people there who speak French.我听说加拿大很美，并且我知道那里有很多说法语的人。前一句是一个宾语从句：I heard that. that 为引导词，没有词义。that 引导宾语从句时，在口语中通常被省略。例句：I heard (that) he came from Canada. 我听说他来自加拿大。本句中由于从句表达的是一个事实，因而不必用与主句相对应的过去时。后一句也是一个宾语从句，主句是I know，后面是从句。第二个宾语从句中又包含了一个由who 引导的定语从句，修饰people。people who speak French 说法语的人例句：Is there anyone who can speak Japanese here? 这儿有会说日语的人吗？句中有两个there。前者为There be 句型，be 动词的单复数取决于距其最近的主语，即遵循“就近一致原则”【复习not only.but also】。后者表示地点，意为“那儿（加拿大）”。例句：There is a boy and three girls in the classroom. 教室中有一个男孩和三个女孩。There are three girls and a boy in the classroom. 教室中有三个女孩和一个男孩。5. Im planning to spend time in the beautiful countryside. 我计划在美丽的乡村度过一段时光。spend v.花费，度过spend.on sth. 花费（时间或金钱）在上spend 后跟动词时要用动名词形式：spend.(in) doing sth. 做某事花费多长时间或多少金钱例句：He spent all her time in playing the piano. 她把她的所有时间都花在了弹钢琴上。弹奏乐器短语中“乐器”前加the，如：play the guitar 弹吉他I spent all my money on books. 我把我所有的钱都花在了（买）书上。6. I hope I can forget all my problems. 我希望我能忘掉我所有的烦恼。forget 是及物动词，意思是“忘记”，其反义词是remember，其后可直接跟sth.，也可跟动词不定式to do 和动名词doing，但意义、用法不同。辨析：forget to do sth.和forget doing sth.forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事【还没做这件事】forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事【已经做完了这件事】例句：I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.我忘了昨天从他那儿借钱了。【已经借了钱】I forgot to return the money to him today. 我今天忘了还钱给他。【还没还钱】类似：remember to do sth. 记得做某事，别忘了做某事【还没做】remember doing sth. 记得做过某事【自认为已做过】例句：Remember to close the door. 别忘了关门。I remember closing the door. 我记得关上门了。单项选择：Please dont forget _ the room while I am away in Beijing.A. clean B. to clean C. cleaned D. cleaning答案：B，句意为：当我离开在北京的时候请不要忘了打扫房间。内容详解：I just finished making my last movie. 我刚刚拍完我的上一部电影。finish v.完成；结束作及物动词时，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。finish doing sth. 做完某事例句：I finished doing my homework this morning. 我今天早上做完了我的家庭作业。When did you finish drawing the picture? 你是什么时候完成那幅画的？make a movie 拍电影make paper 造纸make a fire 生火make money 赚钱make the bed 整理床铺make peace 讲和make sentences 造句make friends with. 和交朋友make up ones mind 下决心make tea 沏茶make progress 取得进步last 作形容词，意为“最近的，上一个”，只能放在名词之前。last night 昨晚last Tuesday 上周二 her last book 她最近出版的书last 作形容词，还意为“最后的，最末的”。last bus 末班车内容详解：a good place to go sightseeing 去观光的好地方【不定式作后置定语】places to visit 旅游的去处【不定式作后置定语】例句：He is the first one to leave home. 他是第一个离开家的人。重点词汇记忆去野营go camping 去钓鱼go fishing 去远足go hiking去观光go sightseeing 回来get back 多久，多长时间how long去度假take a vacation 忘记做某事forget to do sth.忘记做了某事forget doing sth. 结束做某事finish doing sth.计划做某事plan to do sth. 骑自行车ride a bike寄名信片send a postcard 骑自行车旅行go bike riding给某人展示某物show sb. sth. /show sth. to sb. 去海滩go to the beach看望我的祖父祖母visit my grandparents 听起来不错sounds good与朋友一起消遣spend time with friends 运动野营sports camp语法学习用所给动词的适当形式填空：1. The boys enjoy _ (play) computer games very much.2. They _ (stay) there for about 5 days next month.3. Did you finish _ (clean) your room at seven?4. She plans _ (have) a relaxing vacation.5. Mr. Green with her children _ (come) to China next September.6. Tina _ (babysit) her sister now.7. My father likes _ (watch) TV in the evening.8. The Whites thought about going to Japan, but _ (decide) on China.9. My penpal _ (send) me a postcard yesterday.10. Im going _ (sightsee) in the mountains.句型转换：11. Li Ming stays in China for three days.（就划线部分提问）_ _ _ Li Ming _ in China?12. They enjoyed themselves at the party.（改为同义句）They _ _ _ _ at the party.13. Tony did his homework at home last night.（改为否定句）Tony _ _ his homework at home last night.14. We are going to Canada the day after tomorrow.（改为一般疑问句）_ _ _ _ Canad