新目标七年级英语上语法汇总.doc

新目标七年级上册期末复习要点(二)40. 名词的复数 1). 一般加s: desk-desks map-maps bridge-bridges2). s, x, sh, ch结尾加sh, 如：box-boxes, watch-watches,3). 辅音字母+y,去y +ies, 元音字母+y, 直接+s: strawberry-strawberries, toy-toys4). 以f, fe结尾的，去f,fe+ves: leaf（树叶）-leaves, knife-knives5). 以o结尾，tomato-tomatoes, tomato-tomatoes, 其余+s: photo-photos6). 不规则：man-men, woman-women, child-children, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, mouse-mice（老鼠）7). 合成词的复数：当修饰语为man或woman时，前后都改为复数，如，a woman teacher-women teachers, a man doctor-men doctors, 但是，a girl student- girl students, a shoe shop- shoe shops41. 名词的所有格 1). of所有格: 无生命的事物，用of+名词：一张我家的照片a picture of my family 书名the name of the book 2). 单数+s: 麦克的钢笔 Mikes pen 那个男孩的母亲the boys mother 3). 末尾以s结尾的（包括单词本身，也包括复数）+ 我的老板的办公室 my boss office 女子学校 girls school 学生餐厅 the students dinning room 4). 比较：Childrens Day, Womens Day, Teachers Day 5). 两个人共同拥有的，后一个名词后+S，分别拥有的，分别+s：Tom and Jacks room （一间房间） Toms and Jacks room （两个房间） 6). 表示时间的，距离的也可在其后直接+s：今天的报纸 todays newspaper 一周的时间 a weeks time半小时的走路的路程 half an hours walk 十五分钟的开车的路程 fifteen minutes ride41. health, healthy 1). health: 健康，名词 Walking after supper is good for our health. 饭后散步对健康有利。 2). healthy：健康的，形容词 Its important to keep healthy. 保持健康很重要。You look healthy. 你看起来很健康。42. 数词：基数词，序数词 1). 基数词：eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, forty, fifty, ninety, hundred, thousand, million156: one hundred and fifty-six1980: one thousand nine hundred and eighty（数字）, nineteen eighty（时间）5千：5 thousand 成千上万thousands of () 5 thousands或5 thousand of2). 编号：第一课 Lesson One 或the first lesson 第三单元 Unit 3或the third unit 608房间 Rom 608 温陵路16号 16 Wenlin Road 3). 序数词：first, second, third, fourth, fifth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, twenty-first, one-hundredth, one hundred and first 4). 分数：基数词+序数词(s) 1/3 one-third 2/3 two-thirds 1/2 one-half 3/4 three-quarters three-fourths43. 时间表达法 1). 一年12个月：January, February, March, April, June, July, August, September, October, November, December2). 月，日，年或日，月，年，其中日用序数词表达： 1990年9月6日 September 6th, 1990. 念做：September the sixth, nineteen ninety. 6th September. 1990 念做：the sixth of September, nineteen ninety 3).钟点表达法：9点15分：nine fifteen 或fifteen past nine 9点半 nine thirty或 half past nine11点45分：eleven forty-five 或fifteen to twelve 4).年代表达法：in the 1960s在二十世纪60年代 46.价格的表达法 1). We have great bags for just 4 yuan. 我们有很好的包，就4元钱。 2). buy sth for six dollars. (= buy sth at six dollars.) 用6美元买某物 3). payfor: Tom paid 10 yuan for the book. 汤姆花了10元钱买这本书。 4). spendon(in doing ) Kate spent 150 yuan on the new skirt( in buying the new skirt). 凯特花了150元买了这条新裙子。 5). at a very good price用一个很好的价位47. each, every:每个,都1) each可以当主语等，也可以当定语；each更侧重于个体；Each has his/her hobby. 每一个人都有他/她的嗜好。Each of the students was asked a question. 每一个学生都被问了一个问题。We each have a school ID card. 我们每个人都有一个校卡。 Each guest was given a nice present. 每一位宾客都受赠一份精美的礼物。 2) every只能充当定语，侧重于整体：I know every teacher. 我认识每个老师。 Every man has his weak side. 每个人都有弱点。48. 反身代词：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves,themselves小心点用刀子，否则你会切着你自己。Be careful with that knife, or youll cut yourself.我们不能把这个爷爷奶奶单独留下。We cant leave grandparents by themselves.孩子们，请随便吃些鱼吧。Please help yourselves to some fish.在昨天瑪丽的聚会上我们玩得很开心。We enjoyed ourselves in Marys party yesterday.49. and, but ,or1). and: 并列，肯定，和 I like thrillers and I like actions movies. 我喜欢恐怖片，而且我也喜欢动作片。Work hard, and youll catch up with others. 努力点，你就会赶上其他同学。2). or, 否定连接词There is no air or water on the moon. 月球上没有空气和水。Hurry up, or well be late. 快点，否则我们就会迟到的。3). but用于转折 Maria likes comedies, but she doesnt like soap opera. 瑪丽亚喜欢喜剧片，但她不喜欢肥皂剧。-Excuse me. Do you have a table for two -Im sorry but there arent any seats nowWould you mind waiting for a while? 请问，有没有两个人的桌子？对不起，现在没有位置。稍等一会介意吗？4). -I dont like chicken or fish. I dont like chicken, but I like fish very much.我不喜欢鸡肉和鱼。 我也不喜欢鸡肉，但是我很喜欢鱼。50. make a of1). make a list of food to buy. 列个要卖的食品清单make a list of books. 一个图书的清单 2). make a note of what you buy or sell对你买进或卖出的东西作个记号 make notes做笔记 51. go的短语1). go + Ving：go shopping去购物 go hiking去远足 go swimming去游泳 go skating去滑冰 go fishing去钓鱼 go sightseeing去观光旅游 go camping去野营 go bike riding骑自行车旅行 2). go home回家 go to school去学校 go to a movie去看电影 go to work去上班 go to bed去睡觉 go for a drive开车兜风 go for it去努力吧 go on doing sth 继续做某事52. day, date 1). date: 具体的日期，I remember the date of your birthday. 我记得你的生日。 2). day：泛指日子，I will never forget the day when I met you. 我永远也不会忘掉我运到你的那一天。 3). 提问日期：-Whats the date today? -Its April 15. 今天几月几号？4月15日。 提问星期：-What day is it today? -Its Saturday. 今天礼拜几？星期六。54. festival: 节日 1). 国外节日：Christmas （圣诞节，December 25th ）, Christmas Eve （圣诞前夕，December 24th ），Hallowmas（万圣节, November 1st ）, Halloween (万圣节前夕，October 31st )， Valentines Day (情人节，February 14th ), April Fools Day （愚人节，April 1st ）, Mothers Day （母亲节，the 2nd Sunday in May） 2). 公共节日：New Years Day （元旦） Childrens Day (儿童节) ， Womens Day （妇女节） Youths Day （青年节）Labors Day （劳动节） Armys Day （建军节）National Day （国庆节） 3). 中国传统节日：Spring Festival （Chinese New Year, 春节），Mid-autumn Festival （中秋节） 4). 校园节日：art festival （艺术节）55. hurry 赶紧，动词，名词 1). 赶快，动词：Hurry up, there is not much time left. 快点，没有多少时间剩下了。 2). 匆忙，名词：You always seem to be in a hurry. 你看起来总是那么匆匆忙忙。56. people: 人，人们，集合名词，表复数概念，谓语动词用复数，还可以民族、人民。 1). 复数名词：How many people are there in your family? 你家有几口人呢？Some people like basketball and other people like football. 有些人喜欢篮球，另外一些人则喜欢足球。 2). 可数名词，the people: The Chinese is a hard-working people. 中国人是个勤劳的名族。57. study, learn 1). study: 学习，研究，（高层次的事物）I am studying art. 我正在学习艺术。 2). learn: 学习（侧重于技能型的事物），学会Have you learnt to swim? 你学过游泳吗？ He studied hard and at last learned the lesson. 他努力学习，最终学会了这一课。 58.kind 种类，名词；和蔼的，形容词1). 种类：a kind of一种 kinds of :各种各样的What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 你喜欢哪种类型的电影？我喜欢动作片和喜剧片。2). 和蔼的，友善的：My grandmother is a very kind woman. 我的奶奶是一个非常善良的女人。Be kind to animals. 善待动物。59. want to do sth. 想要做某事1). Do you want to go to a movie? Yes, I want to see a comedy. 你想去看电影吗？是的，我想去看一部喜剧片。2). 接动词不定式充当宾语的动词还有：would like, start，begin， agree，hope， decide，afford, agree, arrange, expect, happen, hope, learn, manage, mean, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, wish, seem等：Would you like to have dinner with me tonight? 你愿意今晚和我一起共进晚餐吗？I hope to go to college. 我希望上大学。60. let sb do sth：让某人做某事 let后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。 1). Lets play basketball. 让我们打篮球吧。Let each man decide for himself. 让每个人自己决定吧。 2). see，watch，hear，feel，notice，make，let，have，help等)后不带to的不定式作宾补：They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room. 他们听到他在会议室唱过流行歌曲。61. enjoy doing sth: 特别喜爱做某事，享受做某事的乐趣 1). The twin brother always enjoy going to the concert. 这对双胞胎总是对音乐会兴致勃勃。 2). 以下动词一般跟Ving作宾语：finish, keep, practice, mind, keep, give up, put off, practice I practice reading English every morning. 我每天造成练习读英文。 You must give up smoking. It does no good to your health. 你必须戒烟。对健康不利。62. too, either, also, as well也 1). too: 一般用于肯定句句末；有时也用插入句中：She likes classical music, too. 他也喜欢古典音乐。You, too, may have a try. 你也可以试一试。 2). also: 比较正式的用法，一般用于主谓之间：He also wants to go to a movie. 他也想去看电影。 3). either: 否定的也；两者中的任何一个：If you dont go, I wont either. 如果你不去，我也不去。 Theres coffee and tea. You can have either . 这儿有咖啡和茶。你可以任选一种。 4). as well :副词短语，其义为“也”，相当于too，它一般放在句末，有时和连词and或but搭配使用。He is a worker，and a poet as well. 他是工人，同时也是诗人。 Mr. Liu can speak English, but he can speak Cantonese as well刘先生会说英语，但他也能讲广东话。 63. look, see, watch看1). look: 看，look at sth看某物 look at the blackboard看黑板 I am looking at the picture. 我正在看图。2). see: 看见，看的结果see a film看电影, see a doctor看医生 I looked but saw nothing. 我看了看，但没看到什么。3). watch: 注意看的对象：watch TV看电视, watch a football game看球赛 I am watching the boy. 我注视着这孩子的行动。4). 其他看的表达：看书read a book 看杂志：read a magazine 看杂志：read a magazine64. look for , find, find out 1). look for: 寻找：I am looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。 2). find: 找到：My English book is lost. I have looked for it everywhere, but I still cant find it. 我的英语书丢了, 我到处找，但是找不着。 3). find out: 查明：The police found out the thief at last. 警察最终查出了小偷。66. finish: 完成，结束 1). What time does the movie finish? 电影什么时候结束？Classes finish at half past eleven. 11点半下课。 2). finish doing sth: I have finished writing the English composition. 我写完了英语作文。69. listen(to) ,hear, sound 1). listen: 听，They stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他们停下来听，但是没有更多的声音。 2). hear:听到 Can you hear what I said? 你能听到我所说的话吗？ 3). sound:听起来 The idea sounds great. 这个主意听起来不错。 70. in构成的短语in the 17th century 在第十七世纪 in the past fifty years 在过去的五十年里 in a minute 一会儿，立刻in a month 一个月后 in life 一生中 in the day 在白天 in the end 最后，终于 in time 及时in school 在学校 in space 在空间 in the middle of 在当中 in the north (south) 在北（南）方in front of 在前面 in hospital 住院 in public 当众，公开地in the sky 在天上 in the street 在街上in the tree 在树上 in town 在镇上 in those days 在那些日子里 in trouble 处于困境（苦恼）中in a word 总结 in fact 事实上 in some ways 从某种方式上来说 in a hurry 匆忙 in a loud voice 大声地 in a low voice 低声地 in English 用英语 in order to 为了 in surprise 惊奇地 71. a few, a little, few, little 1). a few: 几个，修饰可数名词 There are a few mistakes in your test paper. 你的考卷上有几个地方的错误。 2). a little: 一点，修饰不可数名词 Dont be so nervous. We still have a little time. 不要这么紧张，我们还有一些时间。 3). few: 几乎没有,修饰可数名词：The text is quite easy, there is few new words in it. 这篇文章不难，没有什么新单词。 4). Little: 几乎，不可数 Although he s wealthy，he spends little on clothes. 虽然他很富有，他花很少前在衣服上。73. speak, say, tell, talk 1). speak: +语言；不及物动词：What language does Bill speak? He speaks Spanish. 比尔说什么语言？西班牙语。The baby cant speak. 这个小婴儿还不会说话。Who is going to speak at the meeting? 2). say: 及物动词，表示说话的内容, say sth to someone, say to oneself When you want someone to help you, you should say “Please” to him. 当你想要别人来帮你时，你应该对他说“请”。 It is said that it will be fine tomorrow. 据说明天会天晴。 3). tell: tell sb sth; tell sb to do sth; tell jokes（笑话）stories，lies（撒谎）the truth（真相） Please tell your parents the good news. 请把这个好消息告诉你的父母亲。 4). talk: 谈论，不及物动词，talk to/with sb, talk about sth We are talking with them about the way of learning English. 我们一直在和他们讨论学英语的方法。74. 乐器名称：drum（鼓）, trumpet（喇叭）, violin（小提琴）, piano（钢琴）, guitar（吉他） 75. 音乐类型：rock, country music, pop music, classical music, rap music 拉普音乐, jazz music76：运动名称：Kung Fu，basketball, volleyball, table tennis, tennis, swimming , surfing, climb,77: 电影类型：thriller 恐怖片 documentary纪录片 action movie动作片 comedy 喜剧片 tragedy悲剧片 war film战争片 Holleywood film 好莱坞电影78. 学校活动：speech contetst: 演讲比赛 volleyball game: 排球赛 What events d