四级模拟考卷.doc

光电学院大学英语四级模拟试卷一Part I Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A , B , C , and D . For questions 8-10 , complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Animals on the MoveIt looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock。Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the sharks skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over。Moving to SurviveIn pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals。Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking。Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle。 Skin Is the KeyThe biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animals high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed。The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the bodys back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the sharks body snaps back the other way。As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animals body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet。Source of EnergyWhat causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the sharks similarity to a belted radial tire doesnt stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the sharks collagen “radials”. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers。When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place。The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored。This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable。Dolphin Has Speed RecordAnother fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animals efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphins skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down。In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water。The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skins folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds。Other Animals Less EfficientNot all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy。Scientists say that because of the slugs inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上1.According to the passage, a shark can use movement to do something except_。Ato find foodBto avoid being chased by its enemiesCto find a new place to liveDto show its braveness2.Examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines are used to show that _。Ahumans are the most clever living creatures in the worldBhuman inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environmentChumans are very successful in inventing transportation toolsDhumans cant move like other animals in any circumstances3.What is the key to the sharks swift locomotion in water?AThe skin.BThe tail.CThe muscle.DThe jaw。4.According to the Duke University scientists, when does the shark stretch its collagen fibers to the greatest extent?AWhen moving its tail rapidly。BWhen finding its preys。CWhen staying without any movement。DWhen bending its body in swimming。5.Why is the area just under the sharks collagen fibers similar to a belted radial tire?ABecause it is also full of blood pressure。BBecause it is also filled of air pressure。CBecause it is also inflated by pressure。DBecause it also can be used again and again。6.A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims_。Aslowly through the waterBrapidly through the waterCagainst the currentDat the fastest speed in water7.Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travelas long as it_。Aone twelfth times.Bthe same.C12 times.D1.2 times。8.A shark finds its prey by_。9.According to the passage, _can be compared to the string of a bow for both of them store energy when stretched。10.When the shark detects an important food source, _take place。Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A , B , C and D , and decided which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答11. A) She expected more people at her party. B) She enjoys entertaining small children. C) She threw a surprise party for her friend D) She has always enjoyed great popularity.12. A) They are not used to living in a cold place. B) They feel lucky to live in Florida. C) They are going to have a holiday. D) They have not booked their air tickets yet.13. A) He was pleased to get the medal. C) He used to be a firefighter. B) He was very courageous. D) He was accused of causing a fire.14. A) Make a profitable investment. C) Get parts for the machine from Japan. B) Buy a new washing machine D) Have the old washing machine fixed.15. A) He is pleased with his exciting new job. B) He finds the huge workload unbearable. C) He finds his office much too big for him. D) He is not so excited about his new position.16. A) The woman is going to hold a big party tomorrow. B) The man has no idea what the right thing to do is. C) The woman doesnt know how to get to the party. D) The man offers to drive the woman to the party.17. A) Drawing up a business plan. C) Finalizing a contract. B) Discussing a term paper. D) Reviewing a co-authored article.18. A) She ordered some paper. C) She chatted online with a friend B) She had the printer repaired. D) She filled in an application formQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) His health is getting worse. C) His past life upsets him a good deal. B) He can no longer work at sea. D) He has not got the expected pension.20. A) She passed away years ago. C) She has been working at a clinic. B) She used to work as a model. D) She has been seriously ill for years.21. A) She has made lots of money as a doctor. B) She is going to take care of her old dad. C) She has never got on with her father. D) She is kind and generous by nature.22. A) He dines out with his wife every weekend. B) He is excellent but looks had-tempered. C) He does not care about his appearance. D) He is not quite popular with his patients.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) The man has sent the order to the woman by mistake B) Some of the telephone systems dont work properly C) Some of the packs do not contain any manuals. D) The quality of the goods is not up to the standard.24. A) Send a service engineer to do the repairs. B) Consult her boss about the best solution. C) Pass the mans order to the right person. D) The quality of the goods is not up to the standard.25. A) Ideal. C) Partial B) Temporary D) Creative Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages .At the end of each passage .You will hear some questions. Boss the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) It is entertaining. C) It takes lots of time. B) It is a costly hobby. D) It requires training.27. A) They can harm nearby plants. C) They fight each other for food. B) They may catch some disease. D) They may pollute the environment.28. A) Place the food on warmer spots. C) Avoid using any contaminated food. B) Use prepared feed mixtures only. D) Continue the feeding till it gets warm.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) He will betray even his best friends. B) He is able to make up good excuses. C) He will lie whenever he wants. D) He tries to achieve his goal at any cost30. A) She made him apologize C) She broke up with him. B) She readily forgave him D) She refused to answer his calls.31. A) Buy her a new set of tires. C) Lend her his batteries. B) Help clean her apartment. D) Move furniture for her.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal. B) Their parents put too much pressure on them. C) Its hard for them to get along with other kids. D) They have to live in the shadow of their parents.33. A) He always boasts about his rich father. B) He will grow up to be good for nothing. C) He has too much to know the value of things. D) He is too young to manage his inherited property.34. A) She wants Amanda to get professional care. B) She has no experience in raising children. C) She wants to show off her wealth. D) She has no time to do it herself.35. A) The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies. B) The worship of money, beauty and pleasure. C) The attention the media focuses on them. D) The pursuing of perfection in performance.Section CDirections : In this section , you will hear a passage three times .When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea . When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written . Around 120 years ago, Ebbinghaus began his study of memory. He(36) .on studying how quickly the human mind can remember (37) . One result of his research is known as the total time hypothesis(假设), which simply means the amount you learn (38) on the time you spend trying to learn it . This can be taken as our first rule of learning.Although it is usually true that studying for four hours is better than studying for one, there is still the question of how we should use the four hours. For example, is it better to study for four hours (39) or to study for one hour a day for four days in a (40) ?. The answer, as you may have (41) , is that it is better to spread out the study times. This (42) , through which we can learn more (43) .by dividing our practice time, is known as the distribution of practice effect. Thus, (44) . But were not finished yet. We havent considered how we should study over very short periods of time. (45) .Should you look at the same word in rapid succession, or look at the word and then have some delay before you look at it again ?(46) .Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage.Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so _1_ in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more _2_ than civilian(百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to _3_ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to _4_ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the _5_ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to _6_ professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many _7_ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of _8_ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without _9_, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act _10_, on the job at least.注意：此部分在试题请在答题卡2上作答。Askill IinspireBpopular JdifferentlyCget KexpectDchange LpracticalEsimilarly Mrecall