湖北省武汉市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解基础训练（4）.doc

湖北武汉市2016高考英语阅读理解基础训练（4）【2016模拟题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。 people believed for a long time that the heart was the center of a persons emotions. that is why the word heart is used in so many expressions about emotional situations.one such expression is to lose your heart to someone. when that happens, you have fallen in love. but if the person who won your heart does not love you, then you are sure to have a broken heart. in your pain and sadness, you may decide that the person you loved is hard-hearted, and in fact, has a heart of stone.you may decide to pour out your heart to a friend. telling someone about your personal problems can often make you feel better.if your friend does not seem to understand how painful your broken heart is, you may ask her to have a heart. you are asking your friend to show some sympathy for your situation. your friend has her heart in the right place if she says she is sorry, and shows great concern for how you feel.your friend may, however, warn you not to wear your heart on your sleeve. in other words, do not let everyone see how lovesick you are. when your heart is on your sleeve you are showing your deepest emotions.if your friend says my heart bleeds for you, she means the opposite. she is a cold-hearted person who does not really care about your situation.in the ever-popular motion picture, the wizard of oz,（绿野仙踪） the tin man seeks a heart. he wanted to feel the emotion of love, and was seeking help from the powerful wizard of oz to find a heart.the cowardly lion, in the same movie, did “have a heart”. but he lacked courage and wanted to ask the wizard of oz to give him some. you could say that the cowardly lion was chicken-hearted. that is another way of describing someone who is not very brave. a chicken is not noted for its bravery. thus, someone who is chicken-hearted does not have much courage.when you are frightened or concerned, your heart is in your mouth. you might say, for example, that your heart was in your mouth when you asked a bank to lend you some money to pay for a new house. 1what is the main idea of the passage?athe heart was the center of a persons emotions.bthere are many expressions about heart and what do they mean.cwe should learn some expressions about “heart”.dit is important to learn some expressions about “heart”2how many expressions about “heart” are mentioned in the passage?a.10 b.8 c.9 d.113if you hear one of your family members is hurt in a traffic accident, you will feel _.a.heart is in your mouth. b.have your heart in the right place c. wear your heart on your sleeve d.lose your heart4why did the writer mentionthe wizard of oz,in the passage?a.to show that it is ever popular.b.to introduce a film to the readersc.to give some more examples about the phrases.d.to show that the tin man is not brave.参考答案1-4、b d a c解析1主旨题：通读全文和第一段的内容：可知这篇文章讲的是和“heart”有关的表达和它们的含义。选b2细节题：整个文章介绍了11个有关“heart”的表达：lose your heart，broken heart. ，hard-hearted, ， heart of stone.， pour out your heart ，have a heart. ，has her heart in the right place ，wear your heart on your sleeve.， my heart bleeds for you, ，chicken-hearted.， 和heart is in your mouth.所以选 d3推理题：题目问：如果你听说一个家庭成员在交通事故中受伤，是什么感觉？从最后一段对heart is in your mouth 的解释，可知这是“心提到嗓子眼”的意思，表示担心，和语境相符合，选a4写作意图题：在倒数第二段和第三段的内容：可知作者提到the wizard of oz,， 举了the tin man 和the cowardly lion,的例子，是为了给出更多的关于“heart”的表达。选c【2015高考复习】阅读理解many of us still tend to think that emotions can affect reasonablethought，and sometimes land us in trouble.but in recent years psychologists have taken quite a different view.keith oatley，professor of psychology at glasgow university，is involved in the research which shows the fundamental importance of emotions.he believes we_are_very_ambivalent_about_them：we think of our emotions as being unreasonable，but we also consider them as essential to being human.for example，mr spock，a character in the television series star trek，is superintelligent and he has no emotions at all.however，he is never made captain of the spaceship.maybe，this is because mr spock is not the kind of person you can share your feelings witha person who shows his emotions.as professor oatley points out，our emotions have very important functions，for example，fear.if we cross the road and a car approaches，we usually stop moving or step back.we stop what we are doing，check what we have done and pay very careful attention to the environment.the emotion of fear makes us take this small series of actions which，on average，help preserve our safety.on the other hand，if things are going well and small problems come up，we find we can solve them with the resources we have to hand.as a consequence，we tend to feel happy and usually continue doing the job.anger is an emotion that tends to occur when someone is preventing us from doing something.then this small “kit” of reactions enables us to prepare ourselves to be quite aggressive to that person，or to try harder，and so on.professor oatley believes emotions generally occur at these important moments in actions.with fear and anger our emotions make us decide to start doing something else，while with happiness they “suggest” we continue what we are already doing.【语篇解读】相关研究表明，情感对人而言至关重要，不可或缺。1whats keith oatleys opinion about emotions?athey affect reasonable thought.bthey get us into trouble.cthey are helpful to us.dthey are reasonable.解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“which shows the fundamental importance of emotions”以及第三段中的“our emotions have very important functions”可知，oatley认为情感对我们来说是有益的。答案c2what does the underlined part “we are very ambivalent about them” in paragraph 2 mean?awe have contradictory feelings towards emotions.bwe have similar ideas of emotions.cwe are quite clear about emotions.dwe can do nothing about emotions.解析句意理解题。根据第二段中的“we think of our emotions as being unreasonable，but we also consider them as essential to being human”可知，我们认为我们的情感毫无道理，但对于我们人类来说，它是必不可少的，这足以说明我们的矛盾心理。答案a3which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?afear helps us to be careful about our surroundings.bhappiness inspires us to continue what we are doing.canger may urge us to make greater efforts.danger tends to do us more harm than good.解析细节理解题。本题可用排除法。根据第三段的内容可知a项正确；根据第四段的最后一句可知b项正确；根据第五段的最后一句可知c项正确。答案d4it can be inferred from the passage that_.awe must control our emotions in daily lifebemotions play a more important part than we realizecpositive emotions such as love and joy are good for usdnegative emotions make us continue what we are doing解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可推知，积极的情感和消极的情感都发挥着比我们意识到的更重要的作用。答案b。阅读理解。阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。 one evening in february 2007. a student named paula ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote in wales. she got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path . thats when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. her renault clio parked across a railway line. second later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks. ceelys near miss made the news because she blamed it on her gps device(导航仪).she had never driven the route before .it was dark and raining heavily. ceely was relying on her gps. but it made no mention of the crossing. i put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train, she told the bbc. w ho is to blame here? rick stevenson, who tells ceelys story in his book when machines fail us, finger at the limitations of technology. we put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. they are filled with small problems. and its not just gps devices: stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless key boards. the problem with his argument in the book is that its not clear why he only focuses digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. a map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. maybe we should blame ceely for not paying attention. perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signaling system. or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the cps equipment. but stevenson doesnt say.its a problem that runs through the book. in a section on cars, stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. he offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. he says that once once again not all new locks have proved reliable. perhaps, but maybe its also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. or changing social circumstances. or some combination of these factors.the game between humans and their smart devices is complex. it is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be way a wiser use of technology. if there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. after all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. they have probably been fooling us for just as long.( )1.whatdidpaulaceelythinkwasthecauseofheraccident?a.shewasnotfamiliarwiththeroad.b.itwasdarkandrainingheavilythen.c. the railway works failed to give the signal.d. her gps device didnt tell her about the crossing( )2. thephrase “nearmiss”(paragraph2)canbestbereplacedby_.a.closebitb.heavylossc. narrow escaped.bigmistake( )3. whichofthefollowingwouldrickstevensonmostprobablyagreewith?a. moderntechnologyiswhatwe cantlivewithout.b.digitaltechnologyoftenfalls shortofoutexpectation.c.digitaldevicesaremore reliablethantheyusedtobe.d.gpserrorisnottheonly causeforcelerysaccident.( ) 4. in the writers opinion, stevensons argument is_.a. one-sided b. reasonable c. puzzling d. well-based( ) 5.what is the real concern of the writer of this article?a. the major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.b. the relationship between humans and technologyc.theshortcomingsofdigital devicesweuse.d.thehuman unawarenessoftechnicalproblems.【参考答案】1-5、dcbab2016高考训练题。阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。electric cars are dirtyin fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousinspeople in california love to talk about “zero-emissions（排放）vehicles,” but people in california seem to be clueless about where electricity comes frompower plants mostly use fire to make itaside from the few folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators（发电机）generators are fueled by something usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plantsthere are a few wind farms and geothermal（地热的）plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning somethingin other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning carsits just because the coal is burned somewhere else , so it looks cleanit is notits as if the california greens are covering their eyes“if i cant see it, its not happening.” gasoline is an unbelievably efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in itbut when you take that gas（or another fuel）and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heatat the generator, through the transmission lines, etca gallon of gas may propel your car 25 milesbut the electricity you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as far so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered onesif our electricity came mostly fro