数词和冠词.doc

学 科英语版 本人教版朗文期 数3430年 级初三编稿老师刘英审稿教师【同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容： 复习中考重点词汇：数词和冠词一. 数词，表示“多少”和“第几”的词叫数词。 数词分为基数词和序数词两种。表示“多少”的词叫基数词。 e.g. five, twelve, fourteen, fifty-three等。而表示“第几”的词就叫序数词。 e.g. the second, the eighth, the ninth 等。 在复习数词时，应当注意以下几点。 1. 基数词teen用在1319的后面。 e.g. thirteen, sixteen, nineteen。而ty用在整十数的结尾。从20，30，40，50，60，70，80到90。 e.g. twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety. 2. 百位数hundred，包含十位数及个位数之间用and连词，十位数和个位数之间用连线“”。千位数从后向前第三位写一个“逗号”，为一个单位，第一个逗号前就是“千”thousand，第二个逗号前为“百万”million没有“万”与“十万”。 e.g. 542 five hundred and forty-two 403 four hundred and three 1,143 one thousand one hundred and forty-three 6,482,300 Six million four hundred and eightytwo thousand and three hundred. 3. 表示确定数目时，hundred, thousand和million要用单数，表示不确定数目时，用复数，后面接of短语。 e.g. 成百（成千，成百万）的人 hundreds （thousands, millions）of people 数万士兵 tens of thousands of soldiers 4. 序数词需要掌握第一first, 第二second，第三third，第四fourth，第五fifth，第八eighth，第九ninth，第十二twelfth, 第二十twentieth第三十一thirty-first这几个特殊的拼写方式，其余的词都是在基数词后面加th，前面要加定冠词the。 e.g. Mike won the first in the relay race. 迈克在接力赛中取得了第一名。 Who is the forty-second in the competition? 谁在作文比赛中得了第四十二名。 基数词在句子中可以用作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语。 用作主语： Are six, eight lucky numbers? 6，8是幸运数字吗？ 用作表语：We are fifteen. 我们十五岁了。 用作宾语： The students of Class Eight are glad they won the second. 八班的学生很高兴，他们获得了第二名。 用作定语： There are forty-eight students in Class Seven. 七班有四十八个学生。 用作同位语： You two are very good teachers. 你们俩人是最好的老师。 在中考复习时，要掌握日常交际活动中常用的数字表达法。 1. 基本的算术表达法。 加Three plus three is six. 336 减Ten mims five is five. 1055 乘Two times two is four. 224 or 3 multiplied by 2 is 6. 326 除Twenty divided by five is four. 2054 2. 单元 课、房间、门牌、页、电话号码等： Unit One 第一单元 Lesson 15第15课 or The fifteenth Lesson Room 301第301号房间 sixty-sixChang An Street长安大街66号 page 20第20页 No. 4 Middle School 第四中学 six six one six, eight 0 five one 电话号码66168051 No. 1 Bus seven 0 nine Bus 709公共汽车 熟练掌握年、月、日的表达方式。 2004年3月8日March the eighth, two thousand and four 5月4日May the fourth 9:15a quarter past nine 10:40 twenty to eleven 在19世纪70年代：in the 1870s 在某人五十几岁时：be in ones fities 注意：介词在时间表达法中的正确运用。 具体几点几分用at e.g. at six thirty 在6点30分 在月、季节、年、笼统时间时用in e.g. in summer在夏季 in April在四月 in two thousand and three 在2003年 in the morning / afternoon / evening. 在上午/下午/晚上 而at night指在夜里，要用at, in the night是表示从天黑到天亮。 在表示具体的某一天，在星期前，日期前用on. e.g. on a autumn morning. 在一个秋天的早晨 on Monday afternoon 在星期一下午 on June the twenty-fourth 在6月24日 on the evening of July the second 在7月2日晚上 on Tuesday 在星期二 但是当有this, next, last 时不用介词。 e.g. this Saturday, next Wednesday, last Friday. 请将下列词组译成英语： 1. 在一年级三班2. 第27课 3. 第16页4. 练习5 5. 118路公共汽车6. 604号房间 7. 第161中学8. 在6点50分 9. 在12点10分10. 在1988年1月2日 11. 今年8月12. 在冬天 13. 1，288个农民14. 309个学生 Key: 1. in Class Three Grade One 2. Lesson Twenty-seven 3. page sixteen 4. Exercise Five 5. No. 118 bus / Bus 18 6. Room 604 7. No. 161 Middle School 8. at six fifty / ten to seven 9. at twelve ten / ten past twelve 10. on January the second, nineteen eighty-eight 11. in August this year 12. in winter 13. one thousand two hundred and eighty-eight farmers 14. three hundred and nine students选择填空： 1. We are going to learn _ next week. A. Lesson SeventyB. Seventy Lesson C. Seventieth LessonD. the Lesson Seventy 2. More than two _ died in the fire. A. hundreds peopleB. hundred people C. hundreds peoplesD. hundred peoples 3. I began to learn English in my _. A. twentysB. twenty C. twentiesD. twentieth 4. 365 is _. A. three hundreds and sixty-five B. three hundred sixty five C. three hundreds sixty five D. three hundred and sixty-five 5. Whats the date today? Its _. A. March six B. March the sixth C. the March sixth D. sixth the March 6. Whats the time, Please! Oh, its _. A. eleven fifty-five B. eleven past fifty-five C. eleven fiftie-five D. five to eleven 7. You came earlier than Jane. so Jane was _ who arrived. A. secondB. the two C. a secondD. the second 8. Monday is the second day of a week, and _. A. Thursday is the fifth B. Thursday is the fourth C. the five is Thursday D. Fifth is Thursday Key: 1. A2. B3. C4. D 5. B6. A7. D8. A二. 冠词： 冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，说明名词所指的人或物的词。 冠词不能单独作句子成份，一般也不重读。 冠词分为不定冠词a,an和定冠词the。 1. 理解不定冠词a用于辅音音素前，an用于以元音为起始音的词前使用。泛指某一类人或某物的一个或一类。 e.g. a cat a bird an uncle an apple. 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物 e.g. She borrowed a pencil from Tim. There is a girl in the reading room. 表示数量“一个”，“某一个”，不特指，但语气不如one强。 A wolf has four legs. The elephant has a long nose and two big ears. 表示事物的单位，是“每一天”，“每一周”的意思。 e.g. Take these medicine twice a day. 每天两次要吃这种药。 We have a class meeting once a week. 我们每周开一次班会。 定冠词表示特指“这个，那个，这些，那些”不如指示代词意思强。 （1）特指说明人与听话人都知道的人或物。 e.g. Where is the dictionary? Its in the shelf. （2）重述上文提到过的人或事物。 e.g. I bought a watch. The watch is made in China. （3）表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前要用the. e.g. The earth goes around the sun. The moon is brighter this night. （4）在序数词前，形容词最高级前，表示方向位置的名词前要用the. e.g. This is the first English book Ive ever read. 这是我读过的第一本英语书。 Shanghai is the largest city in China. 在中国上海是最大的城市。 The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 （5）放在形容词前，表示某一类人或物。 e.g. He gave the money to the poor. 他把这钱给了穷人。 The young should speak more politely to the old. 年青人对老年人讲话应该更有礼貌。 （6）放在单数名词前，表示一类事物 e.g. The horse is a useful animal. = A horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals. （7）用在乐器名称前。 e.g. Can you play the piano? Who invented the drum? （8）和姓氏复数形式一起表示全家人时用the. e.g. The Whites are waiting for us. Lets hurry! 怀特一家人在等我们。快走！ （9）在江河、山脉、海洋、群岛、湖泊前需要用the. e.g. The Changjiang River, the Pacific. the West lake. the West Hills （10）用在很多习惯说法中： e.g. in the morning 加宾格on the right the day before yesterday the people the high jump the long jump 理解常见的不用冠词的各种情况： （1）在专有名词（China, America），抽象名词（homework, love, anger）或者物质名词前（wood, water）等不用冠词。 如果抽象名词或物质名词是特指时，要用定冠词the，当表示一个具体的情况动作或某一类物质的时候，名词前要用不定冠词a,an. e.g. How do you like the movie? 你认为这部电影怎么样？ Have a drink? No, thanks. 喝杯水好吗？不，谢谢。 Thank you very much for helping me with my English. Its a pleasure. （2）当名词前有这些代词时，不用冠词： this, these, that, those, any, some, every, my, your 等等。 e.g. What did you do during that holiday? What do you think of these books? （3）在节日、假日、星期几、月份、季节等名词前一般不用冠词。 e.g. spring is coming, May Day Sunday December We have sports on Monday afternoon. School ends in June. （4）表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不必用冠词。 e.g. They are both farmers. （5）在称呼语、头衔，职务前不用冠词。 e.g. Lin Feng, Mr Pope, Perfessor Smith. （6）表示三餐饭或球类运动名词前不用。 e.g. have supper / lunch / breakfast. play football / table tennis / basketball / tennis （7）用在某些固定词组的名词前，前不必写冠词。 e.g. at noon, in bed, go to school, at home, by bus, by bike, at work, go to bed, from morning till night. 在必要的地方填入适当的冠词 1. What _ nice cake! 2. She said she had _ cough. 3. Look at _ map on _ wall, Is it _ map of China? 4. This bottle is empty. Could I have _ full one, please? 5. Please look up _ new word in _ dictionary. 6. Da Mao and Xiao Mao are twin brothers, They look _ same. 7. On _ early winter morning, _ old lady came to Snow Whites house. 8. Ill telephone her _ day after tomorrow. Key: 1. a2. a3. the, the,a4. a5. the, the 6. the7. a, an8. the【模拟试题】I. 单项选择： 1. Was Michael _ English or _ Australian officer? A. a, theB. / an C. an, /D. an, an 2. _ autumn is _ best season of _ year in Beijing. A. The, the, theB. An, the, the C. /, the, aD. /, the, / 3. Itll take him half _ hour to get to _ hospital. A. an, anB. an, the C. a, aD. an, a 4. In England, _ most popular food is _ fish and chips. A. the, /B. /, / C. the, theD. the, a 5. What _ nice prest! Can I open _ box now? A. /, theB. a, a C. /, a D. a, the 6. Dont throw _ book away. It is _ useful box. A. the, theB. the, an C. the, aD. a, an 7. There is only _ little ice in _ glass. A. /, aB. a, the C. a, aD. the, the 8. Be quiet _ doctor is doing _ operation on James. A. The, anB. A, a C. A, theD. The, a 9. _ weather in Hainan is very good at _ moment. A. The, aB. /, the C. The, theD. /, / 10. I am going to see _ movie in _ peoples Cinema this evening. A. a, theB. a, / C. the, /D. a, the II. 补全对话： A: What can I do for you? B: 1 ? A: This is the newest bike, Madam. B: 2 ? A: No, it is made in Tianjin. 3 ? B: Its very nice except the colour, I prefer blue. 4 ? A: What colour does your daughter like? B: 5 . A: Oh, here are the red ones. B: 6 ? A: Two hundred and thirty-eight yuan. B: It is too expensive. 7 ? A: How about two hundred and twenty? B: No, its still expensive. What about two hundred? A: Erall right. 8 . III. 选词填空： 根据句意用方框内所给词组的适当形式填空，每词只能用一次。follow, develop, write, fast, read, give 1. My sister often _ to her penfriend in Canada in her free time. 2. Please go over the _ exercises as quickly as possible. 3. These magazines are with _ over and over again and I dont want to sell them. 4. The U.S.A is a _ country, but China is a _ one. 5. Now the population of the third world is growing even _. 6. What about _ us a talk on Chinese history? IV. 书面表达： 你刚从海南岛回来，写一篇有关海南岛的报道。（写70字左右的短文） （1）中国的第二大海岛，气候温暖，空气新鲜，有海滩，高大的椰子树，（coconut palm tree） （2）可以进行许多水上运动。冲浪，潜水 （3）可以品尝各种海鲜。V. 阅读理解： Judo（柔道）and Karate （空手道）are sports for self-defence. They began in the eastern part of the world, but now many American enjoy them too. In fact, Schools for teaching them have been opened all over the United States and Canada. Players in both sports use only their hands, arms, begs and feet. However, the two sports are quite different. In Karate, players hit each other with the open hand and with the closed fist. They also use food for kicking. In Judo, players are more likely to throw each other. Then they try to touch and pin （按住）each other down. They also more their arms and legs in circles. Karate moves, on the other hand, are short and quick. Players stand away from each other. They only touch one another with quick punches and kicks. Can a Karate player beat a Judo player? It depends on the players. One sports is not better than the other. They are both very good forms of self-defence. Both aim toward control of the mind and body. A clever old man in Japan had a good answer to the question. He said: “We dont say the other martial arts of soldiers are bad. The mountain does not laugh at the river because it is lowly, nor does the river speak ill of the mountain because it cant more about. ” 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Judo and Karate are good sports. B. Many Americans enjoy Judo and Karate. C. The difference between Judo and Karate. D. One sports is not better than the other. 2. Which detail helps you to understand how to do Judo? A. players throw each other. B. players pin each other down. C. players touch and more arms and legs in large circles. D. All of the above. 3. Which detail helps you understand how to do Karate? A. players hit each other with open hands and closed fists. B. players touch each other. C. players use feet for kicking. D. Both A and C 4. According to the passage, which of the following statement is correct? A. players in Karate use only hands and feet. B. players in Judo use only arms and legs C. players in both sports use only arms, legs, hands and feet. D. players in both sports use only open hands and closed fists. 5. According to the clever old man in Japan, _. A. Karate is better than Judo B. Judo is better than Karate C. both of them are better than military arts. D. both of them are very good formsof self-defence. VI. 完形填空： Billy is a boy of fifteen. His parents died three years ago. One day when he was walking in the streets, he 1 a wallet. He returned it to the owner. Mr Baker. He gave him 2 to the boy. As the boy had no job, Mr Baker made him work for him in his 3 . Billy worked so hard that Mr. And Mr Baker were 4 with him. Mr Baker loved planting 5 . The week before last, he brought a few trees home. Planted them in the 6 himself and watered them every day. Several days 7 , he had to leave for another city. Before he started, he said to Billy, “Take good care of the trees. Some boys near our home always want to steal them. ”“Dont 8 about them, sir. ”Answered Billy, “Ill try my best to watch them. ”Six days passed and Mr. Baker came back. He asked, “ 9 anyone ever come to steal the trees? ”“No, sir, ”said Billy. “To stop someone from stealing the trees, I 10 them up six days ago, I have hidden them for